Antauro Humala

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Antauro Humala
Antauro Humala (2023).jpg
Humala in January 2023
Leader of ANTAURO
Incumbent
Assumed office
11 January 2023
Relatives Ollanta Humala (brother)
Military service
Allegiance Peru
Branch/service Peruvian Army
Years of service1985–2005
Rank Major
Battles/wars Internal conflict in Peru
Cenepa War
Locumbazo
Andahuaylazo

Antauro Igor Humala Tasso (born 29 June 1963) is a Peruvian ethnocacerist, a former army major, and nationalist leader. [1] He has been the Leader of the political party ANTAURO since its creation in 2023.

Contents

Early life

Antauro Igor Humala Tasso was born in Lima, on 29 June 1963. Son of lawyers Isaac Humala and Elena Tasso. He is the brother of former president Ollanta Humala and the leader of the ethnocacerist movement Frente Patriótico Peruano.

He studied at the Franco-Peruvian College of the city of Lima and at the National College of Sciences and Arts of Cuzco. He entered the National Agrarian University La Molina in the career of Agricultural Engineering.

Military career

In 1979, he entered the Military School of Chorrillos. He graduated from the 1985 promotion "Héroes de Concepción". He was head of the patrol in the anti-submersion fight in the 1980s. He participated as a captain, taking part in the war operations in 1995 during the Cenepa War. He proved to be a capable soldier, and in 1997 he was promoted to Major of the Peruvian Army.

Coup attempts

Locumba uprising

He and his brother Ollanta Humala had previously led 50 followers in the brief Locumba uprising against President Alberto Fujimori during the dying days of his regime in October 2000. After the assault, carried out when the Fujimori regime was in the midst of crisis, the rebel group toured the Peruvian Andes denouncing the illegality of Fujimori and claiming the "dignity" of the Peruvian Armed Forces, according to him and his brother, in the hands of military leaders corrupt. [2]

Andahuaylazo

He attained international prominence on 1 January 2005 by occupying a rural police station in Andahuaylas, Apurimac. [3] Assisted by a large group of followers (press reports range from 70 to 300 in their estimates), demanded the resignation of President Alejandro Toledo, whom he accused of selling Peru out to foreign (particularly Chilean) investors.

Four police officers and one gunman died on the first day of the rebellion. [4] The following day Humala agreed to surrender, though had still failed to do so by the third day, claiming that the government had reneged on its promise to guarantee a "surrender with honour". Eventually he surrendered and was taken to Lima under arrest on 4 January 2005 and was sentenced to 19 years in prison. [5]

Political career

In May 2001, after the Locumba Uprising, Antauro Humala published his first book Ejercito Peruano: Milenarismo, Nacionalismo y Etnocacerismo in which he lays out Etnocacerismo, primarily its anticolonial military doctrine and critical Indigenist analysis of Peruvian history and society.

Humala was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress in the April 2006 elections running under the Go on Country - Social Integration Party.

In 2011 his brother became president of Peru.

In the last 2020 parliamentary elections, he joined the political party Union for Peru, a party that obtained a total of 13 seats out of 130 nationwide. [6] Later that year, his partisans in Congress were among those who voted for the removal of former President Martín Vizcarra. [7]

In the recent 2021 president election, Humala entered into an alliance with the candidate for Free Peru (Perú Libre), Pedro Castillo. [8] The alliance is conditioned on an early pardon from his prison sentence and his reinstatement into the military, potentially leading the armed forces. In return, he pledged to support Castillo and defend him from a potential military coup led by conservative generals with ties to the far right including former presidential candidate, Rafael López Aliaga. [9] [10]

Imprisonment

In 2006, Antauro Humala published his book Etnonacionalismo: Izquierda y Globalidad (Visión Etnocacerista) in which he laid out the anticolonial and Neo-Incan ideology of his Etnocacerist movement. Topics discussed in the book are the anti-indigenous racism of Peruvian society, Etnocacerism's place compared to former Indigenists such as José Carlos Mariátegui and José María Arguedas, and a plan for a 2nd Inca Empire (Confederation with Bolivia and Ecuador). A second and third editions expanded on the first one and were published on 2007 and 2011, respectively.

In September 2009 Antauro Humala was sentenced to 25 years in prison[ clarification needed ] but, [11] it was reduced to between 17 and 19 years in prison. On 14 May 2011, Antauro Humala filed a lawsuit against journalist Jaime Bayly claiming Bayly was "disseminating inaccurate versions" of the events in 2005. [12]

In 2012 the National Penitentiary Institute transferred him to the high-security Callao Naval Base for "repeated violations of penitentiary regulations". There he joined Abimael Guzmán and Vladimiro Montesinos. [13] On 1 August 2012, his father Isaac Humala announced the publication of another book that Antauro had completed while imprisoned. [14] Antauro's book De La Guerra Etnosanta A La Iglesia Tawantinsuyana laid out the need to create a neo-incan religion that would coalesce the many varied religious traditions, both classical and contemporary, of the Indigenous Andean peoples.

In February 2015, a report from the Directorate of Criminalistics of the National Police of Peru on the bodies of the four law enforcement officers who died in this coup, indicates that the bullets that caused their death came from above and behind, while Antauro Humala's group was ahead of them. The argument that there are witnesses claiming that the deaths were caused by military snipers from the government of Alejandro Toledo turns out to be contradictory, because it was supposedly an assault. [15] [ better source needed ]

In October 2018, the Peruvian Patriotic Front was founded. In June 2019, Antauro Humala announced that the foundation of Patriotic Front is official.

In September 2019, he presented his request for conditional release before the National Penitentiary Institute of Peru, in which he is serving a 19-year prison sentence in the Virgen de la Merced de Chorrillos prison. [16]

Political views

Humala and his brother Ollanta call the movement they lead the "Movimiento Etnocacerista", [17] which has been described as having fascist traits. [18] [19] [5] [20] [21] Humala has been described as having ultranationalist and fascist leanings himself [22] [23] [24] with analyst Carlos Meléndez of Diego Portales University stating that Humala's views adopt "fascistic features and with promises of a heavy hand, militaristic and a refoundational discourse with extreme radicalism". [22]

Personal life

His brother, Ollanta, has served as the 65th President of Peru (2011–2016). [25] His other brother, Ulises Humala, has also run for the presidency.

Related Research Articles

The politics of the Republic of Peru takes place in a framework of a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Peru is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the President and the Government. Legislative power is vested in both the Government and the Congress. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Peru a "hybrid regime" in 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Union for Peru</span> Political party in Peru

Union for Peru is a Peruvian political party founded by Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, an ex-UN Secretary General, in 1994 to run for the presidency of Peru in the 1995 general elections. Originally a social democratic party, the party became the main political home of the Peruvian ethnocacerist movement in the late-2010s after a group led by former Army Major Antauro Humala joined the party. Humala later formed the Patriotic Front in 2018 and contested the 2021 general elections.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethnocacerism</span> Political movement in Peru

The ethnocacerist movement is a Peruvian ethnic nationalist movement that espouses an ideology called ethnocacerism. The movement seeks to establish a dictatorship of the proletariat led by the country's Indigenous communities and their descendants. It draws on the ideas and history of several Indigenous and anti-colonial movements, including those of Juan Velasco Alvarado, Evo Morales, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Muammar Gaddafi, and Che Guevara. Ethnocacerism is considered an Indigenist ideology and is currently represented in electoral politics by the Union for Peru party and other smaller parties. The ideology is also followed by Peruvian militant groups such as the Plurinational Association of Tawantinsuyo Reservists and Ejército de Reservistas Andino Amazónico – T.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2006 Peruvian general election</span>

General elections were held in Peru in on 9 April 2006 to elect the President, two Vice-Presidents, 120 members of Congress and five members of the Andean Parliament for the 2006–2011 period. As the no presidential candidate received a majority of the vote, a second round was held on 4 June between the top two candidates, Ollanta Humala and Alan García. Garcia won the run-off with 52.63% to Humala's 47.37%. He was subsequently inaugurated on 28 July 2006, Peruvian Independence Day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peruvian Nationalist Party</span> Political party in Peru

Peruvian Nationalist Party is a centre-left to left-wing political party in Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ulises Humala</span>

Ulises Humala Tasso is a Peruvian professor at the Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería and a politician who ran unsuccessfully for president in the 2006 election on the Avanza País ticket. He was running against his brother, Ollanta Humala, and 18 other candidates. Ulises received 0.2% of the vote, coming in 14th place.

Isaac Humala Núñez is a Peruvian labour lawyer and the ideological leader of the Movimiento Etnocacerista, a group of ethnic nationalists in Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Keiko Fujimori</span> Peruvian politician (born 1975)

Keiko Sofía Fujimori Higuchi is a Peruvian politician. Fujimori is the eldest daughter of former Peruvian president Alberto Fujimori and Susana Higuchi. From August 1994 to November 2000, she held the role of First Lady of Peru, during her father's administrations. She has served as the leader of the Fujimorist political party Popular Force since 2010, and was a congresswoman representing the Lima Metropolitan Area, from 2006 to 2011. Fujimori ran for president in the 2011, 2016, and 2021 elections, but was defeated each time in the second round of voting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ollanta Humala</span> President of Peru from 2011 to 2016

Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso is a Peruvian politician and former military officer who served as President of Peru from 2011 to 2016. Originally a socialist and left-wing nationalist, he is considered to have shifted towards neoliberalism and the political centre during his presidency.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Luis Galarreta</span> Peruvian Fujimorist politician

Luis Fernando Galarreta Velarde is a Peruvian Fujimorist politician and a former Congressman representing Lima between 2006 and 2020. He was President of the Congress for the 2017–2018 annual term. Galarreta was part of the presidential ticket of Keiko Fujimori in the 2021 elections that lost the elections to the Pedro Castillo ticket, however, he was elected to the Andean Parliament.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Popular Force</span> Peruvian political party

Popular Force, known as Force 2011 until 2012, is a right-wing populist and Fujimorist political party in Peru. The party is led by Keiko Fujimori, former congresswoman and daughter of former President Alberto Fujimori. She ran unsuccessfully for the presidency in the 2011, 2016 and 2021 presidential elections, all losing by a narrow margin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2011 Peruvian general election</span>

General elections were held in Peru on 10 April 2011 to elect the president, the vice presidents, 130 members of Congress and five members of the Andean Parliament. As no presidential candidate received a majority in the first round, a second round was held on 5 June to determine the successor of outgoing president Alan García. Former army officer Ollanta Humala narrowly defeated Keiko Fujimori, daughter of imprisoned former President Alberto Fujimori. Humala was sworn in as the 94th President of Peru on 28 July.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Omar Chehade</span> Peruvian lawyer and politician, Second Vice President of Peru from 2011 to 2012

Omar Karim Chehade Moya is a Peruvian lawyer and politician. He worked as consultant lawyer in the Ad Hoc Anti-corruption Prosecution in judicial cases against former president Alberto Fujimori and his intelligence chief Vladimiro Montesinos. He was the Second Vice President of Peru in Ollanta Humala's presidency from 2011 until his resignation in 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 Peruvian general election</span>

General elections were held in Peru on 10 April 2016 to determine the president, vice-presidents, composition of the Congress of the Republic of Peru and the Peruvian representatives of the Andean Parliament.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mexico–Peru relations</span> Bilateral relations

The nations of Mexico and Peru established diplomatic relations in 1823. Diplomatic relations were briefly cut in 1932 and reinstated again in 1933. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Lima Group, Organization of Ibero-American States, Organization of American States, Pacific Alliance and the United Nations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pardon of Alberto Fujimori</span>

On 24 December 2017, the President of Peru, Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, pardoned jailed ex-president Alberto Fujimori. Because the pardon was granted on Christmas Eve, it became known as the "indulto de Navidad".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Peruvian general election</span>

General elections were held in Peru on 11 April 2021. The presidential election, which determined the president and the vice presidents, required a run-off between the two top candidates, which was held on 6 June. The congressional elections determined the composition of the Congress of Peru, with all 130 seats contested.

The Andahuaylas uprising, better known in Peru as the Andahuaylazo, was a military uprising that took place in the Peruvian city of Andahuaylas and was led by the retired Peruvian Army major Antauro Humala, who, leading 160 reservists, demanded the resignation of then-President Alejandro Toledo among other key objectives. It took place between January 1 and 4, 2005, ending with the capture of Antauro Humala and the surrender of his followers.

The Locumba uprising, also called Locumbazo, was a military uprising that took place in Locumba, Peru, and the Toquepala mine on Sunday, 29 October 2000.

Barbadillo Prison is a prison facility located in Lima, Peru administered by the National Penitentiary Institute. Known as the "presidential prison" for being the place of detention of the former presidents, it has hosted former presidents Alberto Fujimori and Ollanta Humala. Currently imprisoned at the facility are former presidents Alejandro Toledo and Pedro Castillo.

References

  1. ↑ Carlos Aznárez (1 March 2005). "¿Quién es Antauro Humala?" [Who is Antauro Humala?] (in Spanish). Rebelion.org. Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  2. ↑ "Ollanta Humala: las claves del levantamiento de Locumba". El Comercio Perú (in Spanish). 30 October 2015. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  3. ↑ "Antauro Humala begins trial for 2005 assault on police station". Andean Air Mail & Peruvian Times. 28 March 2008. Archived from the original on 21 September 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  4. ↑ "Perú: insurgentes se rinden" [Peru: insurgents surrender] (in Spanish). BBC News. 4 January 2005. Archived from the original on 23 February 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  5. 1 2 "A Notorious Rebel Leader Just Got Peru's President Impeached From Prison". Vice Media . Archived from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  6. ↑ "Unión Por el Perú: 13 congresistas representarán a líder etnocacerista Antauro Humala". Panamericana Televisión. Archived from the original on 22 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  7. ↑ "A Notorious Rebel Leader Just Got Peru's President Impeached From Prison". www.vice.com. Archived from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  8. ↑ "Antauro Humala expresa apoyo a Pedro Castillo nndc". Gestión (in Spanish). 5 May 2021. Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  9. ↑ "Pedro Castillo | Antauro Humala hace otra vez campaña desde el penal". Peru21 (in Spanish). 15 May 2021. Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  10. ↑ "Antauro Humala ofrece el control de las FFAA". Diario Expreso. 15 May 2021. Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  11. ↑ Eduardo Avila (21 September 2009). "Peru: Antauro Humala Sentenced for 2005 Attack". Global Voices Online. Archived from the original on 3 October 2009. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  12. ↑ "Antauro Humala presentará demanda contra Jaime Bayly" [Antauro Humala present lawsuit against Jaime Bayly]. Terra (in Spanish). 14 May 2011. Archived from the original on 18 May 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  13. ↑ "Antauro Humala Transferred To Callao Naval Base". Peruvian Times. 4 April 2012. Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  14. ↑ "Presentan obra de Antauro Humala en Feria del Libro de Lima". Panamericana Televisión. Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  15. ↑ "Andahuaylazo: ¿Policías asesinados por francotiradores militares". Correo (in Spanish). 2 February 2015. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  16. ↑ "Antauro Humala solicitó libertad condicional". El Comercio Perú (in Spanish). 17 September 2019. Archived from the original on 22 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  17. ↑ Libón, Oscar (23 May 2011). "Montesinos: "Levantamiento de Locumba facilitó mi fuga del país"". Correo. Lima. Archived from the original on 28 June 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  18. ↑ "Opposites Attracting Voters in Peru's Race". Los Angeles Times . 2 April 2006. Archived from the original on 26 December 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  19. ↑ "Tragi-comic farce". The Economist . 6 January 2005. ISSN   0013-0613. Archived from the original on 26 December 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  20. ↑ "Fascism Now: The Legacy of World War II in Today's Latin America". Council on Hemispheric Affairs . 23 April 2019. Archived from the original on 26 December 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  21. ↑ Pez, Angel (14 December 2005). "Peru: Champion of Indigenous Causes Surges in Presidential Poll". Global Information Network . p. 1.
  22. 1 2 Cifuentes, Cristina (15 November 2020). "Antauro Humala: El líder antisistema de la política peruana". La Tercera . Archived from the original on 26 December 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  23. ↑ Noriega, Carlos (30 April 2020). "Coronavirus en Perú: motín en las cárceles | Casi la mitad de los presos testeados tienen covid-19". Página 12 . Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  24. ↑ "Peru and the difficulty of reform". The Economist . Vol. 434, no. 9179. 1 February 2020. p. 40.
  25. ↑ "Antauro Humala demands to be set free". livinginperu.com. 17 July 2006. Archived from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
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