Anwaruddin Choudhury

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Anwaruddin Choudhury is an Indian naturalist, noted for his expertise on the fauna of North-East India. [1]

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Dr. Anwar Uddin Choudhury.jpg

Choudhury is an ornithologist, mammalogist, artist, civil servant, photographer and author. He is recognized by many as an eminent naturalist and conservationist studying wildlife throughout North-East India and adjacent areas. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] He is a trustee and the Honorary Chief Executive of the Rhino Foundation for nature in North East India [4] [6] and was Deputy Commissioner (District Magistrate) of Baksa and Lakhimpur districts in Assam and also served as Secretary with the government of Assam. He retired as Divisional Commissioner of Barak valley, Development Commissioner for Hill Areas and Commissioner & Secretary to the Government of Assam in August 2019. Known as the "Birdman of Assam", he was the first to produce books on the birds of different northeastern states including Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram and Meghalaya. [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] His studies have contributed enormously to the conservation and awareness in North-East India. He is the author of 28 books and more than 950 articles and scientific papers. His first article, which was on birds was published in 1977. Choudhury is recognised as one of India's well known wildlife experts and conservationists. In particular he has spent four and half decades following the fortunes of North-East India's wildlife. [6]

Biography

Early and service life

Born in Shillong, Meghalaya in 1959 to Alauddin Choudhury and Hena Mazumder, oldest of the four siblings Shahida, Afsar and Akhtar, Choudhury had his schooling in Public High School, Hailakandi (1967), Government Boys High School at Mawkhar, Shillong (1967-1970) and Government Victoria Memorial High School, Hailakandi from where he passed matriculation in second division in 1974. He initially studied science in college but received his Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours in Geography from the B.Borooah College, Guwahati by securing 1st class 1st position in 1981, and went on to Gauhati University to obtain his Master of Arts degree in geography in 1985, also securing 1st class 1st position and gold medal. He obtained his PhD on primates of Assam in 1989 under the guidance of Mohammed Taher. [3] [4] He became only the second person to get a DSc from Gauhati University, which was on systematic review of mammals of North-east India in 2008. He married Bilkis Begum Mazumdar in 1994. A daughter, Dona, and a son, Dino, were born. His maternal grandfather Abdul Matlib Mazumder was a freedom fighter and was Cabinet Minister in Assam from 1946 to 1970 (with some gap).[ citation needed ] Choudhury took up interest in wildlife since unknown childhood and continued with his love of wildlife and nature conservation.

In 1983, Choudhury joined Assam Civil Service officer Class I (subsequently inducted to Indian Administrative Service w.e.f. 1999) holding various important posts such as EAC, Executive Magistrate, Research Officer, Sub-divisional Officer (civil), Additional Deputy Commissioner with temporary charges of District Transport Officer and Chief Executive of Fish Farmers Development, Project Director of Rural Development, Project Coordinator of Shifting Cultivation control, Joint Secretary of Environment & Forests, Tourism; Director of Tea, managing director of Assam Financial Corporation and Assam Conductors & Tubes, Secretary of the State Election Commission, Deputy Commissioner & District Magistrate, Secretary to the Government of Assam, Development Commissioner, Divisional Commissioner, and Commissioner & Secretary to the Government of Assam. The departments he worked as Deputy Secretary to Commissioner & Secretary included Cooperation, Environment & Forest, Tourism, Parliamentary Affairs, Secretariat Administration, Hill Areas, Handloom, Textiles & Sericulture, Power and Mines & Minerals. Besides Barak Valley, he also held temporary charges of Divisional Commissioner of North Assam, Lower Assam and Central Assam. He was also empaneled for the post of Vice Chancellor twice. He is (since 2021) one of the Nominees of the Governor of Assam to Bodoland University, Kokrajhar. During his service career as a bureaucrat he was posted in different districts of Assam such as undivided Kamrup, Sivasagar, Lakhimpur, Karbi Anglong, Tinsukia and Baksa. Coincidentally he held some of the founder positions, which no civil servant can predict or are very rare. These were:

Success in art

He has artistic talent, which; however, was not inherited from anybody. He had his first exhibition in Guwahati in 1975 that was held jointly with noted artists Manabendra Baruah and Ajan Barua. Choudhury has published his artworks in various Indian and international journals, magazines and periodicals including a cover of the Oriental Bird Club Bulletin published from U.K. [13] He has also profusely illustrated his books with his art work.

Ornithology

Casual bird watching took a serious scientific approach in the early 1980s. Choudhury pioneered long-term ornithological works in North-East India, which is nearly five decades old. He started writing for popular magazines and started a regular weekly column as ‘Birds of Assam’ in an English daily The Sentinel published from Guwahati. The publications in local newspapers in 1980s brought him recognition in the field of ornithology across Assam but his writings in international scientific journals and his books brought him recognition in the field of ornithology far and wide. [1] [4] [5] Choudhury undertook systematic bird surveys in different pockets of North-East India. He rediscovered a rare galliform species, Manipur bush quail in Assam after its last record 75 years ago. [1] [5] He has made several new country records for India and Bhutan. He was Coordinator of Asian Mid-winter Waterfowl Census for Assam and is also coordinator for the North East India. [14] He is also the State Coordinator of the Indian Bird Conservation Network. [15]

He has done pioneering path-breaking studies on the endangered White-winged wood duck [16] [17] and Mrs Hume's pheasant, [18] which revealed their accurate range and status in India. He also campaigned for conservation of migratory Amur Falcons in Assam from 1994 onwards, Manipur in 2001 and in Nagaland in 2004. He carried out detailed monitoring of roosting population of this falcon in 2017–19 in Karbi Anglong, which revealed lot of new information on the species including annual fluctuation of population. [19]

Mammal research

Choudhury pioneered long-term primate research in North-East India since mid-1980s, nearly four decades ago. In 1986, he traveled to North Cachar Hills (renamed Dima Hasao district) to start a two-decade long research on primates that covered the entire North-East India in later years. [20] [21] [22] Little was known about the life of these simians in the wild until he started his writings on them. He has made several country records for India and Bhutan. But the most significant are discovery and description of three flying squirrels, new to science in 2007, 2009 and 2013. The tree new flying squirrel species that were described by Choudhury in 2007–2013 are: [23] [24] [25]

The holotypes of these flying squirrel species are in the collection of the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata.

He also discovered a new species of primate but identified it as a subspecies of Macaca thibetana . [26] This was later on described by other scientists as Macaca munzala . [27] Recently he described a new subspecies of hoolock gibbon. This has been named by him Hoolock hoolock mishmiensis . [28] Describing new species and subspecies of mammals in the 21st century is undoubtedly very significant. He also revealed for the first time that the stump-tailed and pig-tailed macaques are restricted by the Brahmaputra towards west of their range. [29] His authoritative works on the wild water buffalo have been published recently as the first monograph on this endangered species. [30] His 432-page The Mammals of North East India which was launched in 2013 is the most comprehensive and authoritative such work on any part of India. [31] Choudhury's observations on capped langur revealed hitherto unrecorded differences in facial hair patterns (especially the cap) that differentiate the three subspecies, which was earlier based upon colour variations. The hair patterns have been found to be more dependable than color patterns. [32] [33]

The Rhino Foundation

He is the founder Chief Executive of the Rhino Foundation for nature in North East India, a leading NGO of India since 1995. This NGO was founded by some leading tea companies and its founder chairperson was Anne Wright, Anil Kumar Goswami, a leading scientist of Assam is its current chairperson. [34] His pioneering work in conservation also contributed greatly to the awareness in North East India. His stewardship of the Rhino Foundation for nature in North East India as well as his other activities was recognised and he was appointed a member of the State Board for Wildlife, the highest policy making official body on wildlife in 2003 by the Government of Assam. The Government of Assam has also made him members of two other high official bodies, the State Wetland Steering Committee in 2003 (for some a few years) and State Pollution Control Board in 2008 (till 2022)(for a few years). Prior to that the Government of India made the Rhino Foundation for nature in North East India a member of the Indian Board for Wildlife in 1999, which was headed by the then Prime Minister of India Atal Behari Bajpayee. He was one of early members of the World Wide Fund for Nature (formerly called the World Wildlife Fund), and the Bombay Natural History Society in North-East India (since 1981) and has actively contributed towards their activities in this region including wildlife surveys, awareness and identification of Important Bird Areas.

Conservation career

Choudhury is a member of eight IUCN/SSC/BLI Specialist Groups, which in itself is a major conservation achievement. He is a member of IUCN/SSC Asian Elephant, Asian Rhino, Asian Wild Cattle, Bear, Cat Specialist Groups, and IUCN/SSC/BLI Waterbird and Galliformes Specialist Groups. [35] [36] In addition he is a member of IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group's South Asian Network and was also with IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding and Small Carnivore Specialist Groups. Choudhury is also member of International Asiatic Black Bear, Sun Bear and Sloth Bear Expert Groups. Among official bodies, he is a member of several Government of Assam bodies, these include the State Board for Wildlife (since 2004), Assam State Pollution Control Board (2008-2022), RhinoVision 2020 (2005-2020),Task Force for translocation of Rhinos within Assam (since 2010) and Committee on creation of Tiger Reserve/National Park, Wildlife Division, etc., in Karbi Anglong Districts (2023-) and Permanent Invitee, “Technical Committee” on scientific research in Protected Areas of Assam (since 2023). In the 1980s and 1990s, he went to the remote Himalayan region in Arunachal Pradesh and Bhutan, and to the mountainous regions of Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram, which are occupied by people of the Tibetan-Burman and Tibeto-Chinese ethnicity and who heavily supplement their income by hunting wildlife (except Bhutan). [37] Choudhury was there to study the vanishing wildlife as well as motivating the people for conservation with various amounts of success.

Conservation results

Choudhury's work in conservation has resulted in the identification and subsequently protection of a large number of areas in the North-East India, more particularly Assam. Due to his work, more than 15 wildlife sanctuaries have been established, including Bordoibam-Bilmukh, Pani-Dihing, Barail, Bherjan-Borajan-Podumoni, Dihing-Patkai, Hollongapar Gibbon, Nambor-Doigrung, Nambor, East Karbi Anglong, North Karbi Anglong, Amchang, Marat Longri, Barak-Bhuban and Narpuh; and two elephant reserves, the Dhansiri-Lungding and Dihing-Patkai. He was also instrumental in upgrading Dibru-Saikhowa into a national park, inclusion of Laokhowa and Burhachapori Sanctuaries in Kaziranga Tiger Reserve and declaration of the white-winged wood duck as the state bird of Assam. He is among very few fortunate scientists who could implement their own scientific/conservation recommendations later on as a bureaucrat. Many of the above have been officially notified and gazetted by himself as the Deputy Secretary and later as Joint Secretary to the Government in Environment & Forest Department. He was also a key member of the Assam Forest Policy Drafting Committee.

His writings in the 1980s also resulted in shelving of a railway project through the southern edge of world-famous Kaziranga National Park and World Heritage Site. [38]

Other contributions

As a bureaucrat, Anwaruddin Choudhury was influential in ensuring a rural district of Assam to start e-governance giving transparency to the rural poor. He also took active part and partially succeeded in reducing social murders in the name of witch-hunting in remote areas such as Baksa district at the edge of Eastern Himalaya in Assam. [39] [40] Choudhury's influence helped save many protected areas in North-East India from environmentally destructive developmental projects. The diversion of a National Highway from Manas National Park and Tiger Reserve near Koklabari, construction of two wildlife-movement underpasses on the diverted portion of the highway to Nganglam (in Bhutan) near Manas in 2007-10, and a power line from Dulung Reserved Forest in Lakhimpur district in 2012-13 are recent examples. [41] He always spoken against such projects including mega dams. [42]

Publications and Writing

Anwaruddin Choudhury has written 28 books and monographs, and more than 50 technical reports on the birds and mammals of North East India based on his own studies, and supported by long-term observations (list below). He has also written more than 950 articles and scientific papers about wildlife and conservation. He has published significant number of articles and papers in prestigious journals such as 93 articles starting from 1988 in Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 14 articles starting from 1987 in Oryx (UK), 21 articles starting from 1983 in Tigerpaper (Thailand), 19 articles starting from 1991 in Newsletter for Birdwatchers, 20 articles starting from 2006 in Indian Birds, 15 and 18 articles respectively starting from 1991 each in Forktail journal (UK) and BirdingAsia, 74 articles starting from 1996 in Journal & Newsletter of the Rhino Foundation, 22 articles starting from 2000 in Mistnet, 19 articles starting from 1982 in Sanctuary Asia, 18 articles starting from 1996 in Environ. In addition he also published in Folia Parimatologica (Switzerland), American Journal of Primatology, Primate conservation (both in USA), Journal of Tropical Ecology (UK), Primate Report (Germany), Danphe (Nepal), Pachyderm (Kenya) among others. Nearly four decades, Choudhury's field research has helped shape wildlife protection efforts in India more particularly in North-East India. Many of Choudhury's books continue to be references for the study of birds and mammals in North-East India. He is the author of:

Books and monographs authored

Technical Studies and Reports

Awards

Choudhury's honours include:

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 BBC News on sighting of Manipur bush-quail, June 2006
  2. ↑ Dictionary of International Biography (1987). "Choudhury, Anwaruddin" International Biographical Centre, Cambridge, UK.
  3. 1 2 Reference Asia (1991). "Choudhury, Anwar Uddin". Rifacimento International, New Delhi, India.
  4. 1 2 3 4 The Sentinel Mélange (2006). "Among the woods (Interview of Anwaruddin Choudhury)". The Sentinel, 6 February 2006. Guwahati, India.
  5. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2006). "Bush-quail makes unexpected reappearance". BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK. http://www.birdlife.org/nes/news/2006/06/manipur.html. Retrieved in 2007.
  6. 1 2 3 Teresa Rehman (2001). "The Jungle file: Away from his desk, a bureaucrat documents the Northeast’s wildlife". The India Today. http://www.indiatoday.com/itoday/20010820/offtrack.shtml Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved on 2009-06-09.
  7. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (1990). Checklist of the Birds of Assam. Guwahati: Sofia Pub. p. 72 pages.
  8. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2000). The Birds of Assam. Guwahati: Gibbon Books & WWF. p. 240 pages . ISBN   81-900866-1-8.
  9. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2003). A Pocket Guide to the Birds of Nagaland. Guwahati : Gibbon Books & Rhino Foundation. p. 48 pages . ISBN   81-900866-4-2.
  10. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2006). A Pocket Guide to the Birds of Arunachal Pradesh. Guwahati : Gibbon Books & Rhino Foundation. p. 109 pages . ISBN   81-900866-5-0.
  11. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2008). A Pocket Guide to the Birds of Mizoram. Guwahati : Gibbon Books & Rhino Foundation. p. 122 pages . ISBN   81-900866-7-7.
  12. ↑ A Pocket Guide to the Birds of Meghalaya. Guwahati : Gibbon Books & Rhino Foundation. p. 160 pages . ISBN   978-93-80652-03-0.
  13. ↑ Oriental Bird Club Bulletin 13. Bedfordshire, UK.
  14. ↑ State Coordinators (2007). http://www.bnhs.org/bo/documents/awc_2007/AWC_national_coordinators_new%5B%5D. Retrieved in 2007.
  15. ↑ IBCN (2009). "IBNC State Coordinators". Indian Bird Conservation Network. http://www.ibcn.in/state_list.asp Archived 2010-07-30 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved on 2009-06-09.
  16. ↑ BirdLife International (2001). "Threatened Birds of Asia". BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
  17. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (1996). Survey of White-winged Wood Duck and Bengal Florican, Guwahati: Rhino Foundation. P. 82 pages.
  18. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2002). Survey of Mrs Hume's Pheasant in NE India. Report No. 5. [final report to OBC, UK]. Guwahati: Rhino Foundation. P. 30 pages.
  19. ↑ Choudhury, A.U.,Goswami, A.K. and Luitel, D. (2020). Three years monitoring of the Amur Falcon Falco amurensis at a roosting site in Assam in North-east India. The Newsletter & Journal of the Rhino Foundation for nat. in NE India 10: 63–75.
  20. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (1989). Primates of Assam : their Distribution, Habitat and Status. Ph.D. thesis. Gauhati Univ. 300 pages.
  21. ↑ Anon. (1990). The Return of the Monkeys - A Primate Conservation Project. Spirit of Enterprise, the 1990 Rolex Awards. pp.350-352. Buri International, Berne, Switzerland.
  22. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2001). A systematic review of the mammals of North-East India with special reference to the non-human primates. D.Sc.Thesis. Gauhati Univ. 209 pages.
  23. ↑ Choudhury, A.U. (2007). "A new flying squirrel of the genus Petaurista Link from Arunachal Pradesh in north-east India". Newsletter and Journal of the Rhino Foundation for Nat. in NE India. 7: 26–32.
  24. ↑ Choudhury, A.U. (2009). "One more new flying squirrel of the genus Petaurista Link, 1795 from Arunachal Pradesh in northeast India". Newsletter and Journal of the Rhino Foundation for Nat. in NE India. 8: 26–34.
  25. ↑ Choudhury, A.U. (2013). "Descriptions of a new species of giant flying squirrel of genus Petaurista Link, 1795 from Siang basin, Arunachal Pradesh in North East India". Newsletter and Journal of the Rhino Foundation for Nat. in NE India. 9: 30–38.
  26. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (1998). Pere David’s Macaque discovered in India. The Rhino Foundation for nat. in NE India Newsletter 2: 7, plate.
  27. ↑ Sinha, A., A. Datta, M. D. Madhusudan and C. Mishra (2005). Macaca munzala: a new species from western Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. International Journal of Primatology 26: 977–989.
  28. ↑ .Choudhury,Anwaruddin (2013). Description of a new subspecies of hoolock gibbon Hoolock hoolock from north east India. The Newsletter and Journal of the RhinoFoundation for nat. in NE India 9: 49-59, plates.
  29. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (1988). Priority ratings for conservation of Indian primates. Oryx 22: 89-94.
  30. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2010). The Vanishing herds: the wild water buffalo, Guwahati : Gibbon Books & Rhino Foundation (supported by COA, Taiwan and CEPF/ATREE).
  31. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2013). The mammals of North East India, Guwahati : Gibbon Books & Rhino Foundation (supported by COA, Taiwan).
  32. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2010). Distribution and current status of the Capped Langur Trachypithecus pileatus in India, and a Review of Geographic Variation in its Subspecies. Primate Conservation 28: 143–157.
  33. ↑ Das, J., Chetry, D., Choudhury, A. & Bleisch, W. 2021a. Trachypithecus pileatus (errata version published in 2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020.
  34. ↑ The Newsletter & Journal of the Rhino Foundation for nat. in NE India 10 (2020), 83pp.
  35. ↑ Cat Specialist Group. "Members Asia". http://www.catsg.org/catsgportal/cat-specialist-group/04_members/members_2009_asia.htm Retrieved on 2010-02-24.
  36. ↑ Small Carnivore Specialist Group (2009). "Members’ Profiles" http://www.smallcarnivores.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20&Itemid=40&member=6%5B%5D Retrieved on 2010-02-24.
  37. ↑ Wildlife conservation awareness in Nagaland (Assam Tribune, 8 March, wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/biodiversity/.../econag240314.html - Retrieved on 2009-09-16.
  38. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (1987). Railway threat to Kaziranga. Oryx 21: 160-163. Oxford/London.
  39. ↑ WorldWide Religious News (2006). "Killings strike fear into Indian witch ..." www.wwrn.org/article.php?idd=22918&con=18&sec=73. Retrieved on 2009-06-09.
  40. ↑ CBS News (2006). "Modern-day Witch Hunt In Remote India ". http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/08/22/world/main1918803.shtml Retrieved on 2010-02-24.
  41. ↑ MMES (2009). "Elephant corridor on construction on NH No. 152". Manas Maozigendri Ecotourism Society, Assam. http://www.manasmaozi.com/?q=about/elephant_corridor Archived 2011-07-14 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved on 2009-06-09.
  42. ↑ Kalpavriksh (2008) "Tracking a Hydel Project". www.kalpavriksh.org/kalpavriksh/f1/f1.3/ed%20ecologist%20folder/Subansiri.doc . Retrieved on 2009-06-09.
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