Anwaruddin Choudhury

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Anwaruddin Choudhury
Dr. Anwar Uddin Choudhury.jpg
Born1959
Shillong, Meghalaya, India
Occupation(s)Naturalist, ornithologist, mammalogist, civil servant, author
Known forExpertise on the fauna of North-East India

Anwaruddin Choudhury is an Indian ornithologist and mammalogist and wildlife conservation across North-East India. His work spans decades of research, field studies, and policy advocacy. [1] He has served in various governmental roles, including as Deputy Commissioner in Assam and as Secretary in the state government, ultimately retiring as the Divisional Commissioner of Barak Valley in August 2019. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Choudhury is also the Honorary Chief Executive and a trustee of the Rhino Foundation for Nature in North-East India [4] [6] Born into a family with an educational background, Choudhury was raised in Shillong & finished his matriculation in 1974. He initially pursued science but later earned a Bachelor of Arts with Honours in Geography, followed by a Master's degree from Gauhati University, where he also received a gold medal for his academic performance. He completed his PhD in 1989 on primate studies and DSc in 2008 on review of mammals of North-east India, both from Gauhati University [7]

Contents

Choudhury's career in public service began in 1983 as an Assam Civil Service officer, and he transitioned to the Indian Administrative Service in 1999. Throughout his tenure, he undertook various administrative roles, leading projects aimed at rural development, environmental protection, and wildlife conservation. [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [6]

Early and service life

Anwaruddin Choudhury, born in Shillong, Meghalaya in 1959, is the eldest among four siblings—Shahida, Afsar, and Akhtar—born to Alauddin Choudhury and Hena Mazumder. His early education took place at various institutions including Public High School, Hailakandi, Government Boys High School in Mawkhar, Shillong, and Government Victoria Memorial High School, Hailakandi, where he completed his matriculation in 1974 with second-division honors.[ citation needed ]

Choudhury initially pursued science in college but later obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours in Geography from B.Borooah College, Guwahati, securing first class first position in 1981. He continued his academic journey at Gauhati University, earning a Master of Arts degree in Geography in 1985, also achieving class first position along with a gold medal. In 1989, under the guidance of Mohammed Taher, he earned his PhD focusing on the primates of Assam. Notably, he became only the second person to receive a DSc from Gauhati University, awarded for his systematic review of mammals in North-east India in 2008. [14] In 1994, Choudhury married Bilkis Begum Mazumdar, with whom he has a daughter named Dona and a son named Dino. His maternal grandfather, Abdul Matlib Mazumder, was a prominent freedom fighter and served as a Cabinet Minister in Assam from 1946 to 1970. [15] Choudhury's dedication to ornithology began in the early 1980s, leading to the publication of over 175 scientific articles and 135 popular articles on birds. He has contributed significantly to the study of birds in North-East India, rediscovering species such as the Manipur bush quail after a 75-year absence from records. His research efforts have also included comprehensive surveys and conservation initiatives for migratory birds, particularly the Amur falcon. [16] In mammalogy, he has published 88 scientific articles and 82 popular articles since 1981. His research has led to the identification of several new species of flying squirrels and a subspecies of hoolock gibbon. Choudhury's work on the wild water buffalo stands out as a notable contribution to the field. [17]

Success in art

He had his first exhibition in Guwahati in 1975 which was held jointly with noted artists Manabendra Baruah and Ajan Barua. Choudhury has published his artworks in various Indian and international journals, magazines, and periodicals including a cover of the Oriental Bird Club Bulletin published from U.K. [18]

Ornithology

Casual bird watching took a serious scientific approach in the early 1980s. Choudhury pioneered long-term ornithological works in North-East India, which is nearly five decades old. He started writing for popular magazines and started a regular weekly column as ‘Birds of Assam’ in an English daily The Sentinel published from Guwahati. The publications in local newspapers in the 1980s brought him recognition in the field of ornithology across Assam but his writings in international scientific journals and his books brought him recognition in the field of ornithology far and wide. So far he has written 175 scientific articles and 135 popular articles on birds. [1] [4] [5] Choudhury undertook systematic bird surveys in different pockets of North-East India. He rediscovered a rare galliform species, Manipur bush quail in Assam after its last record 75 years ago. [1] [5] He has made several new country records for India and Bhutan. He was the Coordinator of the Asian Mid-Winter Waterfowl Census for Assam and is also the coordinator for North East India. [19] He is also the State Coordinator of the Indian Bird Conservation Network. [20]

He has done pioneering path-breaking studies on the endangered White-winged wood duck [21] [22] and Mrs Hume's pheasant, [23] which revealed their accurate range and status in India. He also campaigned for the conservation of migratory Amur Falcons in Assam from 1994 onwards, Manipur in 2001, and Nagaland in 2004. He carried out detailed monitoring of the roosting population of this falcon in 2017–19 in Karbi Anglong, which revealed a lot of new information on the species including the annual fluctuation of population. [24]

Mammal research

Choudhury pioneered long-term primate research in North-East India in the mid-1980s, nearly four decades ago. To date, he published 88 scientific and 82 popular articles on primates starting from 1981. In 1986, he traveled to North Cachar Hills (renamed Dima Hasao district) to start a two-decade-long research on primates that covered the entire North-East India in later years. [25] [26] [27] Little was known about the life of these simians in the wild until he started his writings on them. He has made several country records for India and Bhutan. But the most significant is the discovery and description of three flying squirrels, new to science in 2007, 2009, and 2013. The three new flying squirrel species that were described by Choudhury in 2007–2013 are: [28] [29] [30]

The holotypes of these flying squirrel species are in the collection of the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata.

He also discovered a new species of primate but identified it as a subspecies of Macaca thibetana . [31] This was later on described by other scientists as Macaca munzala . [32] Recently he described a new subspecies of hoolock gibbon. This has been named by him Hoolock hoolock mishmiensis . [33] Describing new species and subspecies of mammals in the 21st century is undoubtedly very significant. He also revealed for the first time that the stump-tailed and pig-tailed macaques are restricted by the Brahmaputra towards the west of their range. [34] His authoritative works on the wild water buffalo have been published recently as the first monograph on this endangered species. [35] His 432-page The Mammals of North East India which was launched in 2013 is the most comprehensive and authoritative such work on any part of India. [36] Choudhury's observations on capped langur revealed hitherto unrecorded differences in facial hair patterns (especially the cap) that differentiate the three subspecies, which were earlier based on color variations. Hair patterns are more dependable than color patterns. [37] [38]

The Rhino Foundation

He is the founder and Chief Executive of the Rhino Foundation for Nature in North East India, a leading NGO in India since 1995. This NGO was founded by some leading tea companies and its founder chairperson was Anne Wright, Anil Kumar Goswami, a leading scientist of Assam is its current chairperson. [39] His pioneering work in conservation also contributed greatly to the awareness in North East India. His stewardship of the Rhino Foundation for Nature in North East India as well as his other activities was recognised and he was appointed a member of the State Board for Wildlife, the highest policy-making official body on wildlife in 2003 by the Government of Assam. The Government of Assam has also made him a member of two other high official bodies, the State Wetland Steering Committee in 2003 (for some a few years) and the State Pollution Control Board in 2008 (till 2022)(for a few years). Before that, the Government of India made the Rhino Foundation for Nature in North East India a member of the Indian Board for Wildlife in 1999, which was headed by the then Prime Minister of India Atal Behari Bajpayee. He was one of the early members of the World Wide Fund for Nature (formerly called the World Wildlife Fund), and the Bombay Natural History Society in North-East India (since 1981) and has actively contributed towards their activities in this region including wildlife surveys, awareness and identification of Important Bird Areas. [ citation needed ]

Conservation career

Choudhury is a member of eight IUCN/SSC/BLI Specialist Groups, which in itself is a major conservation achievement. He is a member of IUCN/SSC Asian Elephant, Asian Rhino, Asian Wild Cattle, Bear, Cat Specialist Groups, and IUCN/SSC/BLI Waterbird and Galliformes Specialist Groups. [40] [41] In addition he is a member of IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group's South Asian Network and was also with IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding and Small Carnivore Specialist Groups. Choudhury is also a member of the International Asiatic Black Bear, Sun Bear, and Sloth Bear Expert Groups. Among official bodies, he is a member of several Government of Assam bodies, these include the State Board for Wildlife (since 2004), Assam State Pollution Control Board (2008-2022), RhinoVision 2020 (2005-2020), Task Force for translocation of Rhinos within Assam (since 2010) and Committee on the creation of Tiger Reserve/National Park, Wildlife Division, etc., in Karbi Anglong Districts (2023-) and Permanent Invitee, “Technical Committee” on scientific research in Protected Areas of Assam (since 2023). In the 1980s and 1990s, he went to the remote Himalayan region in Arunachal Pradesh and Bhutan, and to the mountainous regions of Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram, which are occupied by people of the Tibetan-Burman and Tibeto-Chinese ethnicity and which heavily supplement their income by hunting wildlife (except Bhutan). [42] Choudhury was there to study the vanishing wildlife as well as motivate the people for conservation with various amounts of success.[ citation needed ]

Conservation results

Choudhury's work in conservation has resulted in the identification and subsequently protection of a large number of areas in North-East India, more particularly Assam. Due to his work, more than 15 wildlife sanctuaries have been established, including Bordoibam-Bilmukh, Pani-Dihing, Barail, Bherjan-Borajan-Podumoni, Dihing-Patkai, Hollongapar Gibbon, Nambor-Doigrung, Nambor, East Karbi Anglong, North Karbi Anglong, Amchang, Marat Longri, Barak-Bhuban and Narpuh; and two elephant reserves, the Dhansiri-Lungding and Dihing-Patkai. He was also instrumental in upgrading Dibru-Saikhowa into a national park, inclusion of Laokhowa and Burhachapori Sanctuaries in Kaziranga Tiger Reserve, and declaration of the white-winged wood duck as the state bird of Assam. He is among very few fortunate scientists who could implement their own scientific/conservation recommendations later on as a bureaucrat. Many of the above have been officially notified and gazetted by himself as the Deputy Secretary and later as Joint Secretary to the Government in Environment & Forest Department. He was also a key member of the Assam Forest Policy Drafting Committee. [ citation needed ]

His writings in the 1980s also resulted in the shelving of a railway project through the southern edge of the world-famous Kaziranga National Park and World Heritage Site. [43]

Other contributions

As a bureaucrat, Anwaruddin Choudhury was influential in ensuring a rural district of Assam to start e-governance giving transparency to the rural poor. He also took an active part and partially succeeded in reducing social murders in the name of witch-hunting in remote areas such as Baksa district at the edge of Eastern Himalaya in Assam. [44] [45] Choudhury's influence helped save many protected areas in North-East India from environmentally destructive developmental projects. The diversion of a National Highway from Manas National Park and Tiger Reserve near Koklabari, construction of two wildlife-movement underpasses on the diverted portion of the highway to Nganglam (in Bhutan) near Manas in 2007-10, and a power line from Dulung Reserved Forest in Lakhimpur district in 2012-13 are recent examples. [46] He always spoken against such projects including mega dams. [47]

Publications and Writing

Anwaruddin Choudhury has written 28 books and monographs, and more than 50 technical reports on the birds and mammals of North East India based on his studies and supported by long-term observations (list below). He has also written more than 960 articles and scientific papers about wildlife and conservation. He has published significant number of articles and papers in prestigious journals such as 101 articles starting from 1988 in Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 14 articles starting from 1987 in Oryx (UK), 21 articles starting from 1983 in Tigerpaper (Thailand), 19 articles starting from 1991 in Newsletter for Birdwatchers, 21 articles starting from 2006 in Indian Birds, 15 and 18 articles respectively starting from 1991 each in Forktail journal (UK) and BirdingAsia, 74 articles starting from 1996 in Journal & Newsletter of the Rhino Foundation, 22 articles starting from 2000 in Mistnet, 20 articles starting from 1982 in Sanctuary Asia, 18 articles starting from 1996 in Environ. In addition, he also published in Folia Parimatologica (Switzerland), American Journal of Primatology, Primate Conservation (both in the USA), Journal of Tropical Ecology (UK), Primate Report (Germany), Danphe (Nepal), Pachyderm (Kenya) among others. For nearly four decades, Choudhury's field research has helped shape wildlife protection efforts in India more particularly in North-East India. Many of Choudhury's books continue to be referenced for the study of birds and mammals in North-East India. He is the author of:[ citation needed ]

Books and monographs authored

Technical Studies and Reports

Awards

Choudhury's honors include:

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 BBC News on sighting of Manipur bush-quail, June 2006
  2. ↑ Dictionary of International Biography (1987). "Choudhury, Anwaruddin" International Biographical Centre, Cambridge, UK.
  3. ↑ Reference Asia (1991). "Choudhury, Anwar Uddin". Rifacimento International, New Delhi, India.
  4. 1 2 3 The Sentinel Mélange (2006). "Among the Woods (Interview of Anwaruddin Choudhury)". The Sentinel, 6 February 2006. Guwahati, India.
  5. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2006). "Bush-quail makes unexpected reappearance". BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK. http://www.birdlife.org/nes/news/2006/06/manipur.html. Retrieved in 2007.
  6. 1 2 3 Teresa Rehman (2001). "The Jungle file: Away from his desk, a bureaucrat documents the Northeast’s wildlife". The India Today. http://www.indiatoday.com/itoday/20010820/offtrack.shtml Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved on 2009-06-09.
  7. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2001). A systematic review of mammals of north-east India. DSc thesis. Gauhati University, 209 pages
  8. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (1990). Checklist of the Birds of Assam. Guwahati: Sofia Pub. p. 72 pages.
  9. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2000). The Birds of Assam. Guwahati: Gibbon Books & WWF. p. 240 pages. ISBN   81-900866-1-8.
  10. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2003). A Pocket Guide to the Birds of Nagaland. Guwahati: Gibbon Books & Rhino Foundation. p. 48 pages. ISBN   81-900866-4-2.
  11. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2006). A Pocket Guide to the Birds of Arunachal Pradesh. Guwahati: Gibbon Books & Rhino Foundation. p. 109 pages. ISBN   81-900866-5-0.
  12. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2008). A Pocket Guide to the Birds of Mizoram. Guwahati: Gibbon Books & Rhino Foundation. p. 122 pages. ISBN   81-900866-7-7.
  13. ↑ A Pocket Guide to the Birds of Meghalaya. Guwahati: Gibbon Books & Rhino Foundation. p. 160 pages. ISBN   978-93-80652-03-0.
  14. ↑ Experts. India Biodiversity Portal. Indiabiodiversity.org/page/8811705
  15. ↑ Abdul Matlib Mazumder. Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Matlib_Mazumder
  16. ↑ Choudhury, A.U.,Goswami, A.K. and Luitel, D. (2020). Three years of monitoring of the Amur Falcon Falco amurensis at a roosting site in Assam in North-east India. The Newsletter & Journal of the Rhino Foundation for nat. in NE India 10: 63–75.
  17. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2010). The Vanishing herds: the wild water buffalo, Guwahati: Gibbon Books & Rhino Foundation (supported by COA, Taiwan, and CEPF/ATREE)
  18. ↑ Oriental Bird Club Bulletin 13. Bedfordshire, UK.
  19. ↑ State Coordinators (2007). http://www.bnhs.org/bo/documents/awc_2007/AWC_national_coordinators_new%5B‍%5D. Retrieved in 2007.
  20. ↑ IBCN (2009). "IBNC State Coordinators". Indian Bird Conservation Network. http://www.ibcn.in/state_list.asp Archived 2010-07-30 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved on 2009-06-09.
  21. ↑ BirdLife International (2001). "Threatened Birds of Asia". BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
  22. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (1996). Survey of White-winged Wood Duck and Bengal Florican, Guwahati: Rhino Foundation. P. 82 pages.
  23. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2002). Survey of Mrs Hume's Pheasant in NE India. Report No. 5. [final report to OBC, UK]. Guwahati: Rhino Foundation. P. 30 pages.
  24. ↑ Choudhury, A.U.,Goswami, A.K. and Luitel, D. (2020). Three years of monitoring of the Amur Falcon Falco amurensis at a roosting site in Assam in North-east India. The Newsletter & Journal of the Rhino Foundation for nat. in NE India 10: 63–75.
  25. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (1989). Primates of Assam: their Distribution, Habitat, and Status. Ph.D. thesis. Gauhati Univ. 300 pages.
  26. ↑ Anon. (1990). The Return of the Monkeys - A Primate Conservation Project. Spirit of Enterprise, the 1990 Rolex Awards. pp.350-352. Buri International, Berne, Switzerland.
  27. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2001). A systematic review of the mammals of North-East India with special reference to the non-human primates. D.Sc.Thesis. Gauhati Univ. 209 pages.
  28. ↑ Choudhury, A.U. (2007). "A new flying squirrel of the genus Petaurista Link from Arunachal Pradesh in north-east India". Newsletter and Journal of the Rhino Foundation for Nat. In NE India. 7: 26–32.
  29. ↑ Choudhury, A.U. (2009). "One more new flying squirrel of the genus Petaurista Link, 1795 from Arunachal Pradesh in northeast India". Newsletter and Journal of the Rhino Foundation for Nat. In NE India. 8: 26–34.
  30. ↑ Choudhury, A.U. (2013). "Descriptions of a new species of giant flying squirrel of genus Petaurista Link, 1795 from Siang basin, Arunachal Pradesh in North East India". Newsletter and Journal of the Rhino Foundation for Nat. In NE India. 9: 30–38.
  31. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (1998). Pere David’s Macaque was discovered in India. The Rhino Foundation for nat. in NE India Newsletter 2: 7, plate.
  32. ↑ Sinha, A., A. Datta, M. D. Madhusudan and C. Mishra (2005). Macaca munzala: a new species from western Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. International Journal of Primatology 26: 977–989.
  33. ↑ .Choudhury,Anwaruddin (2013). Description of a new subspecies of hoolock gibbon Hoolock hoolock from northeast India. The Newsletter and Journal of the RhinoFoundation for nat. in NE India 9: 49-59, plates.
  34. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (1988). Priority ratings for conservation of Indian primates. Oryx 22: 89-94.
  35. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2010). The Vanishing herds: the wild water buffalo, Guwahati: Gibbon Books & Rhino Foundation (supported by COA, Taiwan, and CEPF/ATREE).
  36. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2013). The mammals of North East India, Guwahati: Gibbon Books & Rhino Foundation (supported by COA, Taiwan).
  37. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2010). Distribution and current status of the Capped Langur Trachypithecus pileatus in India, and a Review of Geographic Variation in its Subspecies. Primate Conservation 28: 143–157.
  38. ↑ Das, J., Chetry, D., Choudhury, A. & Bleisch, W. 2021a. Trachypithecus pileatus (errata version published in 2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020.
  39. ↑ The Newsletter & Journal of the Rhino Foundation for nat. in NE India 10 (2020), 83pp.
  40. ↑ Cat Specialist Group. "Members Asia". http://www.catsg.org/catsgportal/cat-specialist-group/04_members/members_2009_asia.htm Retrieved on 2010-02-24.
  41. ↑ Small Carnivore Specialist Group (2009). "Members’ Profiles" http://www.smallcarnivores.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20&Itemid=40&member=6%5B‍%5D Retrieved on 2010-02-24.
  42. ↑ Wildlife conservation awareness in Nagaland (Assam Tribune, 8 March, wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/biodiversity/.../econag240314.html - Retrieved on 2009-09-16.
  43. ↑ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (1987). Railway threat to Kaziranga. Oryx 21: 160-163. Oxford/London.
  44. ↑ WorldWide Religious News (2006). "Killings strike fear into Indian witch ..." www.wwrn.org/article.php?idd=22918&con=18&sec=73. Retrieved on 2009-06-09.
  45. ↑ CBS News (2006). "Modern-day Witch Hunt In Remote India ". Retrieved on 2010-02-24.
  46. ↑ MMES (2009). "Elephant corridor on construction on NH No. 152". Manas Maozigendri Ecotourism Society, Assam. http://www.manasmaozi.com/?q=about/elephant_corridor Archived 2011-07-14 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved on 2009-06-09.
  47. ↑ Kalpavriksh (2008) "Tracking a Hydel Project". www.kalpavriksh.org/kalpavriksh/f1/f1.3/ed%20ecologist%20folder/Subansiri.doc . Retrieved on 2009-06-09.
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