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Bacon's Rebellion was an armed rebellion held by Virginia settlers that took place from 1676 to 1677. It was led by Nathaniel Bacon against Colonial Governor William Berkeley,after Berkeley refused Bacon's request to drive Native American Indians out of Virginia. Thousands of Virginians from all classes and races rose up in arms against Berkeley,chasing him from Jamestown and ultimately torching the settlement. The rebellion was first suppressed by a few armed merchant ships from London whose captains sided with Berkeley and the loyalists. Government forces arrived soon after and spent several years defeating pockets of resistance and reforming the colonial government to be once more under direct Crown control.
Bacon's Castle,also variously known as "Allen's Brick House" or the "Arthur Allen House" is located in Surry County,Virginia,United States,and is the oldest documented brick dwelling in what is now the United States. Built in 1665,it is noted as an extremely rare example of Jacobean architecture in the New World.
Philip Cottington Ludwell was an English-born planter and politician in colonial Virginia who sat on the Virginia Governor's Council,the first of three generations of men with the same name to do so,and briefly served as speaker of the House of Burgesses. In addition to operating plantations in Virginia using enslaved labor,Ludwell also served as the first governor of the Carolinas,during the colony's transition from proprietary rule to royal colony.
Colonel Thomas Ballard was a prominent colonial Virginia landowner and politician who played a role in Bacon's Rebellion. He served on the Governor's Council 1670–79 and was Speaker of the Virginia House of Burgesses 1680–82.
Theodorick Bland,also known as Theodorick Bland of Westover,was a planter,merchant and politician in colonial Virginia who served as Speaker of the House of Burgesses,as well as in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly. The founder of the Bland family of Virginia,his son and grandson of the same name also served in the Virginia General Assembly before the American Revolutionary War,and later descendants sharing the same name would become a federal judge and congressman.
Thomas Godwin was a Virginia politician,planter and real estate speculator in Tidewater Virginia. He thrice served in the House of Burgesses representing the Nansemond River area,and was its Speaker in the June 1676 session that preceded Bacon's Rebellion.
John George (1603–1679) was an early Virginia colonist,landowner,soldier,county court justice and legislative representative (politician). He served at least two terms as a burgess in the Virginia House of Burgesses in the 1640s and 1650s representing Isle of Wight County,Virginia.
The Burwells were among the First Families of Virginia in the Colony of Virginia. John Quincy Adams once described the Burwells as typical Virginia aristocrats of their period:forthright,bland,somewhat imperious and politically simplistic by Adams' standards. In 1713,so many Burwells had intermarried with the Virginia political elite that Governor Spotswood complained that " the greater part of the present Council are related to the Family of Burwells...there will be no less than seven so near related that they will go off the Bench whenever a Cause of the Burwells come to be tried."
The Swann's Point Plantation Site is an archaeological site near the James River in Surry County,Virginia. The Swann's Point area,located west of the mouth of Gray Creek,has a rich historic of precolonial Native American occupation,as well as significant early colonial settlements. It was first granted to Richard Pace,whose warning famously saved the Jamestown Colony during the Indian Massacre of 1622. The Paces abandoned their settlement in 1624.
Joseph Bridger emigrated to the Virginia colony from England where he became wealthy and known for supporting Governor William Berkeley and his successors. As would his namesake grandson and several other descendants,Bridger served in the House of Burgesses representing Isle of Wight County. Bridger also served in the legislature's upper house,the Virginia Governor's Council,and led troops against the rebels during Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 as well as in 1682,when he helped suppress the tobacco cutters.
Philip Ludwell Jr. was a Virginia planter and politician who served several terms in the Virginia House of Burgesses,and became an important figure in the colony's new capital at Williamsburg as well as with the newly established College of William &Mary. As had his father Philip Ludwell,and as would son Philip Ludwell III,this man served on the Virginia Governor's Council and operated plantations using enslaved labor.
Samuel Swannn was a planter,militia officer and politician in the Colony of Virginia and the Colony of North Carolina.
Thomas Swann was a planter,tavernkeeper,militia officer and politician in the Colony of Virginia who sat in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly and survived Bacon's Rebellion.
Lawrence Baker (ca.1620–1681) was a planter and politician in the Colony of Virginia who immigrated from England and represented Surry County in the House of Burgesses (1666–1676). He is best known for suppressing America's first tax strike,a predecessor to Bacon's Rebellion.
James Bray (ca.1630-1691) was a British merchant who also became an attorney,planter and politician in the Colony of Virginia,serving nearly a decade on the Virginia Governor's Council through Bacon's Rebellion (1670-1679),and later representing James City County in the House of Burgesses,although unseated when he refused to make a loyalty oath.
George Jordan (1620-1679) was a British attorney who also became a planter and politician in the Colony of Virginia. He twice served as the colony's attorney general and at various times represented James City County and Surry County in the House of Burgesses,and may have served on the Virginia Governor's Council.
William Browne emigrated from Surrey,England to become a major planter and politician in the Colony of Virginia. He lived on the south bank of the James River at now-historic Four Mile Tree plantation,named for its distance from Jamestown and which in his tenure became part of Surry County. While his lawyer son,also William Browne,held only county offices,his grandson,also William Browne,would become a patriot in the American Revolutionary War,and serve in the Virginia House of Delegates.
Thomas Milner,emigrated from England to the Virginia colony where he became a merchant,planter,military officer and politician who twice served as Speaker of the Virginia House of Burgesses.
Richard Lawrence was an Oxford University graduate who emigrated to the Virginia colony where after various real estate speculations,he married a wealthy widow and became a tavernkeeper in Jamestown. Lawrence became one of Nathaniel Bacon's closest confidantes during Bacon's Rebellion and briefly served in the House of Burgesses during that conflict,after which he vanished with two other men otherwise likely to have been sentenced to death for treason.
Otto Thorpe or Thorp(1630-winter of 1696/1697) was an English merchant who became a militia officer and politician of Middle Plantation in the Colony of Virginia. His home was commandeered during Bacon's Rebellion,and in April 1682,Thorpe briefly represented York County in the House of Burgesses,before returning to England,where he died more than a decade later.
References
- 1 2 3 Tyler, Lyon Gardiner (1915). Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography. Vol. 1. p. 170.
- 1 2 McCartney, Martha W. (2012). Jamestown people to 1800 : landowners, public officials, minorities, and native leaders. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co. ISBN 978-0-8063-1872-1. OCLC 812189309.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kukla, Jon (1981). Speakers and Clerks of the Virginia House of Burgesses, 1643–1776 . Richmond, Virginia: Virginia State Library. ISBN 0-88490-075-4. pp. 84-89
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Gentry, Daphne. "Arthur Allen (ca. 1652–1710)". Encyclopedia Virginia. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
- ↑ "Bacon's Castle". NPS. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
- ↑ Tyler Vol.5 p. 637
- ↑ Tyler Vol. 5, pp. 637-638
- ↑ Aurelius W. Bohannon, Old Surry: Thumb-Nail Sketches of Places of Historic Interest in Surry County, Virginia (Petersburg, Plummer Printing CO., Inc. 1957 pp. 35-36
- ↑ Tyler, Vol. 5, p. 638
- ↑ Roberts, Bruce (1990). Plantation Homes of the James River . UNC Press. p. 84. ISBN 9780807842782 . Retrieved 19 October 2015.
- ↑ James D. Rice, Tales from a Revolution (Oxford University Press 2012) p. 84
- ↑ Rice p. 92
- ↑ Cynthia Miller Leonard, The Virginia General Assembly 1619-1978 (Richmond: Virginia State Library 1978) pp. 46, 47, 48, 49
- ↑ Leonard p. xiii
- ↑ Thomas J. Wertenbaker, Bacon's Rebellion, 1676 p. 6
- ↑ Leonard p. 51