The National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) is a United States professional organization dedicated to "improving the teaching and learning of English and the language arts at all levels of education. Since 1911,NCTE has provided a forum for the profession,an array of opportunities for teachers to continue their professional growth throughout their careers,and a framework for cooperation to deal with issues that affect the teaching of English." In addition,the NCTE describes its mission as follows:
The Council promotes the development of literacy,the use of language to construct personal and public worlds and to achieve full participation in society,through the learning and teaching of English and the related arts and sciences of language.
Computers and writing is a sub-field of college English studies about how computers and digital technologies affect literacy and the writing process. The range of inquiry in this field is broad including discussions on ethics when using computers in writing programs,how discourse can be produced through technologies,software development,and computer-aided literacy instruction. Some topics include hypertext theory,visual rhetoric,multimedia authoring,distance learning,digital rhetoric,usability studies,the patterns of online communities,how various media change reading and writing practices,textual conventions,and genres. Other topics examine social or critical issues in computer technology and literacy,such as the issues of the "digital divide",equitable access to computer-writing resources,and critical technological literacies. Many studies by scientists have shown that writing on computer is better than writing in a book
The Conference on College Composition and Communication is a national professional association of college and university writing instructors in the United States. The CCCC formed in 1949 as an organization within the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE). CCCC is the largest organization dedicated to writing research,theory,and teaching worldwide.
Second language writing is the study of writing performed by non-native speakers/writers of a language as a second or foreign language. According to Oxford University,second language writing is the expression of one's actions and what one wants to say in writing in a language other than one's native language. The process of second language writing has been an area of research in applied linguistics and second language acquisition theory since the middle of the 20th century. The focus has been mainly on second-language writing in academic settings.
Stephen Brookfield is a scholar in adult education who has held positions at the University of British Columbia,Columbia University,Harvard University University of Saint Thomas and Antioch University. He is currently adjunct professor at Columbia University,and emeritus professor at the University of St. Thomas.
English-language learner is a term used in some English-speaking countries such as the United States and Canada to describe a person who is learning the English language and has a native language that is not English. Some educational advocates,especially in the United States,classify these students as non-native English speakers or emergent bilinguals. Various other terms are also used to refer to students who are not proficient in English,such as English as a second language (ESL),English as an additional language (EAL),limited English proficient (LEP),culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD),non-native English speaker,bilingual students,heritage language,emergent bilingual,and language-minority students. The legal term that is used in federal legislation is 'limited English proficient'.
George Hillocks Jr. was an emeritus professor in the Department of Education,with a joint appointment in the Department of English Language and Literature at the University of Chicago. He received in 2011 the James R. Squire Award of the National Council of Teachers of English for having "a transforming influence and [making] a lasting intellectual contribution to the profession." He also received many other major awards. His teaching career included the preparation of English teachers in the Master of Arts in Teaching program,and the mentoring of Ph.D. students in the doctoral program,at the University of Chicago. After retiring from the University he continued to present seminars and workshops for writing teachers across the US. His primary research interests centered on the teaching of writing,literature,and language in middle and high school English classes,and on large-scale writing assessment. When not teaching and writing,he was an accomplished bagpipe player,performing frequently for Chicago audiences and in international competitions.
Contract grading is a form of grading which results from cooperation between an instructor and their student(s),and entails completion of a contracted number of assignments of specified quality that correspond to specific letter grades. These contracts often contain the following two characteristics:First,there are no finite amount of,say,"A" grades given in the class. Any student who completes the work that corresponds to a "B" grade will receive a "B". The second characteristic is that instructors and students know exactly what is expected from them to receive a certain letter grade. Contract grading may be contrasted with other grading methods such as grading on a curve or percentile systems. These curve and percentile systems include the Common Curve,Missouri Curve,and The Gaussian Curve. Grading on these curves creates an expectation that the number of "A"s and "B"s should correspond to the number of "D"s and "F"s,with the majority of students receiving a "C". In the 2010s,contract grading was discussed and promoted as a method to respond to racism within academia and,more specifically,writing in academia. Asao Inoue,a large contributor to this topic,wrote in his book Labor-Based Grading Contracts:Building Equity and Inclusion in the Compassionate Writing Classroom,"Designing fair and meaningful grading practices is about cultivating with our students an ecology,a place where every student,no matter where they come from or how they speak or write,can have access to the entire range of final course grades possible."
Charles Bazerman is an American educator and scholar. He was born and raised in New York. He has contributed significantly to the establishment of writing as a research field,as evidenced by the collection of essays written by international scholars in Writing as A Human Activity:Implications and Applications of the Work of Charles Bazerman. Best known for his work on genre studies and the rhetoric of science,he is a Professor of Education at the University of California,Santa Barbara,where he also served as Chair of the Program in Education for eight years. He served as Chair of the Conference on College Composition and Communication,delivering the 2009 CCCC Chair's Address,"The Wonders of Writing," in San Francisco,California.
Writing across the curriculum (WAC) is a movement within contemporary composition studies that concerns itself with writing in classes beyond composition,literature,and other English courses. According to a comprehensive survey performed in 2006–2007,approximately half of American institutes of higher learning have something that can be identified as a WAC program. In 2010,Thaiss and Porter defined WAC as "a program or initiative used to 'assist teachers across disciplines in using student writing as an instructional tool in their teaching'". WAC,then,is a programmatic effort to introduce multiple instructional uses of writing beyond assessment. WAC has also been part of the student-centered pedagogies movement seeking to replace teaching via one-way transmission of knowledge from teacher to student with more interactive strategies that enable students to interact with and participate in creating knowledge in the classroom. This page principally concerns itself with WAC in American colleges and universities. WAC has also been important in Britain,but primarily at the K–12 level.
Writing assessment refers to an area of study that contains theories and practices that guide the evaluation of a writer's performance or potential through a writing task. Writing assessment can be considered a combination of scholarship from composition studies and measurement theory within educational assessment. Writing assessment can also refer to the technologies and practices used to evaluate student writing and learning. An important consequence of writing assessment is that the type and manner of assessment may impact writing instruction,with consequences for the character and quality of that instruction.
Kathleen Blake Yancey is the Kellogg W. Hunt Professor of English at Florida State University in the rhetoric and composition program. Her research interests include composition studies,writing knowledge,creative non-fiction,and writing assessment.
Leslie Cooper Perelman is an American scholar and authority on writing assessment. He is a critic of automated essay scoring (AES),and influenced the College Board's decision to terminate the Writing Section of the SAT.
The WAC Clearinghouse publishes peer-reviewed,open-access journals and books,as well as other professional resources for teachers and instructional materials for students. Writing-across-the-curriculum (WAC) refers to a formal programmatic approach within contemporary secondary and higher education composition studies that promotes the importance of writing in classes outside of composition.
Sondra Perl is a Professor Emerita of English at Lehman College and director of the Ph.D. in Composition and Rhetoric at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. She is the founder and former director of the New York City Writing Project. She writes about the composing process as well as pedagogical approaches to implementing composition theories into writing practices in the classroom.
Victor Villanueva is an American academic and scholar in rhetoric and composition studies,serving the role of Regents Professor Emeritus at Washington State University. Villanueva was awarded NCTE's David Russell Award for Distinguished Research in the Teaching of English for his groundbreaking book Bootstraps,From an American Academic of Color. In 2009,Villanueva was the recipient of the Conference on College Composition and Communication Exemplar's Award. Villanueva has written and edited a number of significant works on the topic of race,rhetoric,basic writing,and the social and political contexts of literacy education.
Min-Zhan Lu is a composition professor and scholar. She serves as Professor Emerita of English at the University of Louisville. She is the 2005 recipient of the Conference on College Composition and Communication (CCCC) Richard M. Braddock Award and the 2012 CCCC Outstanding Book Award.
Ednah Shepard Thomas was an American college professor. She oversaw the freshman writing program at the University of Wisconsin from 1945 to 1969.
Linda Adler-Kassner is an educator and university administrator. She is known for her work in the field of writing studies,including co-authoring Naming What We Know:Threshold Concepts of Writing Studies, which was recognized by the Council of Writing Program Administrators.
Linguistic Justice:Black Language,Literacy,Identity,and Pedagogy is a 2020 nonfiction book by April Baker-Bell about anti-black racism in writing pedagogy,and ways for English teachers to combat it.
