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Baldwin I was the first count of Edessa from 1098 to 1100 and king of Jerusalem from 1100 to his death in 1118. He was the youngest son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and Ida of Lorraine and married a Norman noblewoman, Godehilde of Tosny. He received the County of Verdun in 1096, but he soon joined the crusader army of his brother Godfrey of Bouillon and became one of the most successful commanders of the First Crusade.
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The king or queen of Jerusalem was the supreme ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, a Crusader state founded in Jerusalem by the Latin Catholic leaders of the First Crusade, when the city was conquered in 1099. Most of them were men, but there were also five queens regnant of Jerusalem, either reigning alone suo jure, or as co-rulers of husbands who reigned as kings of Jerusalem jure uxoris.
Alberic of Ostia (1080–1148) was a Benedictine monk, diplomat and Cardinal Bishop of Ostia from 1138 to 1148. He was one of the most important people in the administration of Pope Eugenius III, especially due to his diplomatic skills.
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period. The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1291 that had the objective of reconquering Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim rule after the region had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate centuries earlier. Beginning with the First Crusade, which resulted in the conquest of Jerusalem in 1099, dozens of military campaigns were organised, providing a focal point of European history for centuries. Crusading declined rapidly after the 15th century with the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans.
Ghibbelin of Sabran was Archbishop of Arles (1080–1112), papal legate (1107–1108), and Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem (1108–1112).
The Pactum Warmundi was a treaty of alliance established in 1123 between the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Republic of Venice.
William of Malines was a Flemish priest who was the prior of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre from 1127 to 1130 and was then Latin patriarch of Jerusalem from 1130 until his death. He is sometimes called William I to distinguish him from William of Agen, second patriarch of that name, but he was the second William to serve as prior of the Holy Sepulchre after William the Englishman.
Amalric of Nesle was a Catholic prelate who served as the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem from late 1157 or early 1158 until his death. Amalric focused chiefly on managing church property; he showed very little political initiative and, unlike many contemporary bishops in the crusader states, had no interest in military affairs.
The Templum Domini was the name attributed by the Crusaders to the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. It became an important symbol of Jerusalem, depicted on coins minted under the Catholic Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem.
The See or Diocese of Bethlehem was a diocese in the Roman Catholic Church during the Crusades and is now a titular see. It was associated with the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nevers.
Ehremar or Ebramar or Evremar was Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem from 1102 to 1105 or 1107, and then Archbishop of Caesarea.
Ralph of Domfront was the archbishop of Mamistra and second Latin patriarch of Antioch from 1135 until 1140. William of Tyre describes him as "a military man, very magnificent and generous, a great favourite of the common people and with those of knightly birth."
The timeline of the Kingdom of Jerusalem presents important events in the history of the Kingdom of Jerusalem—a Crusader state in modern-day Israel and Jordan—in chronological order. The kingdom was established after the First Crusade in 1099. Its first ruler Godfrey of Bouillon did not take the title of king and swore fealty to the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, Daimbert. Godfrey's brother and successor Baldwin I was crowned the first king of Jerusalem without doing homage to the patriarch in 1100. By 1153, Baldwin I and his successors captured all towns on the Palestinian coast with the support of Pisan, Genoese and Venetian fleets and also took control of the caravan routes between Egypt and Syria. The kings regularly administered other crusader states—the Counties of Edessa and Tripoli and the Principality of Antioch—on behalf of their absent or underage rulers.
Robert of Nantes was the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem from 1240 to 1254.
William I was the second Latin archbishop of Tyre from 1128 until 1134 or 1135. He was originally from England and served as prior of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre before his appointment as archbishop.
The Abbey of Saint Lazarus was a Benedictine convent in Bethany in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. It was founded in 1138 by Queen Melisende and King Fulk at the reputed site of the tomb of Lazarus. The queen installed her sister Ioveta in the convent and lavishly endowed the abbey, making it richer than any other religious community in the kingdom. It lost much of its estates, including Bethany itself, during the Muslim reconquests of the Latin East, and retreated to the Kingdom of Cyprus, where it faded into obscurity in the 14th century. Parts of the abbey buildings are still visible in Bethany.
Peter of Barcelona was a prelate of the Catholic Church in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He was prior of the Holy Sepulchre from 1144 to 1151 and then archbishop of Tyre until his death.
Adam of Acre was the bishop of Banias from 1140 until 1160.
The diocese of Banias was an episcopal see centered on Banias in the region of Syria. It was originally an Eastern Orthodox see. In 1140 Banias was captured by King Fulk of Jerusalem. The same year Adam of Acre became the first Roman Catholic bishop to be installed in Banias. Archaeologist Denys Pringle assumes that a cathedral church was constructed in Banias, but its location has not yet been determined.
References
- 1 2 Murray 2000, p. 180.
- 1 2 Hamilton & Jotischky 2020, p. 94.
- 1 2 3 4 Hamilton 2016, p. 59.
- ↑ Hamilton 2016, pp. 120–121.
- ↑ Hamilton & Jotischky 2020, p. 95.
