Asmeret Asefaw Berhe | |
---|---|
Director of the Office of Science | |
In office May 19, 2022 –March 28, 2024 | |
President | Joe Biden |
Preceded by | Chris Fall |
Succeeded by | Harriet Kung (acting) |
Personal details | |
Born | Asmara,Ethiopia |
Spouse | Teamrat Ghezzehei |
Alma mater | University of Asmara Michigan State University University of California,Berkeley |
Website | Research website |
Asmeret Asefaw Berhe is a soil biogeochemist and political ecologist who served as Director of the Office of Science at the US Department of Energy from 2022 to 2024. [1] She is a Professor of Soil Biogeochemistry and the Ted and Jan Falasco Chair in Earth Sciences and Geology in the Department of Life and Environmental Sciences;University of California,Merced. [2] Her research group works to understand how soil helps regulate the Earth's climate.
Berhe was born and raised in Asmara. She received her Bachelors of Science in Soil and Water Conservation at the University of Asmara,where she was one of three women in a 55-person class in the soil science department. [3] She later attended Michigan State University for her master's degree in Political Ecology with an emphasis on the effects of land degradation,working to understand how landmines cause land degradation. [4]
She then performed her doctoral work at University of California,Berkeley,where she received her PhD in Biogeochemistry in ecologist John Harte's laboratory,where she was also co-advised by Margaret Torn (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) and Jennifer Harden (US Geological Survey,Menlo Park). [5] Berhe's graduate work sought to understand how erosion affected the exchange of carbon between the land and the air. She found that erosion can actually cause soil to store more carbon. [6] [7] She continued her postdoctoral research at UC Berkeley with the support of the President's Postdoctoral Fellowship Program under the mentorship of Johan Six and Jillian Banfield,and then moved to University of California,Davis to continue her postdoctoral work. [8]
Berhe's research interests center on the effect of changing environmental conditions—specifically fire,erosion,and climate change—on important soil processes. Her group is working to understand how perturbations in the environment affect how essential elements like carbon and nitrogen cycle through the soil system. One of her group's projects is to understand how drought and wildfire affect soil's ability to store carbon,taking her out to Yosemite National Park and the Sierra Nevada for fieldwork. [9] [10] [11] Given the prevalence of drought in California,this work is of particular public importance,and as a result,has been highlighted by public figures like California Congressman Jerry McNerney (D-CA 9th District). [12]
Her research extends to political ecology,working to understand the contribution of armed conflict to land degradation and how people interact with their environment. [13] [14] Berhe has co-authored a review taking stock of the relationship between global change,soil,and human security (including food security and water quality) in the 21st century,citing possible interventions and solutions for sustainable soil management. [15] [16]
Berhe's work has garnered support from a number of funding sources,including the National Science Foundation CAREER Award,the University of California President's Research Catalyst Awards,the United States Department of Energy,and more. [17] [18] [19]
Berhe's work at the intersection of soil,climate change,and political ecology lends itself well to a number of global issues. During her graduate career,she was a member of the working group that produced the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,which was called for by the United Nations Secretary Kofi Annan to assess the impact of humans on the environment. She was one of the lead authors on the 2005 report's chapter on "Drivers of Change in Ecosystem Condition and Services." [20] The Assessment received the Zayed International Prize for the Environment in 2005. [21]
In 2018,Berhe was selected as part of the inaugural National Academies of Sciences,Engineering,and Medicine New Voices in Sciences,Engineering,and Medicine cohort,as an early career leader working to advance the conversation around key emerging global issues and communicate the evidence base around those challenges. [22]
An advocate for women in science,Berhe is currently a co-Principal Investigator of ADVANCEGeo,which is working to transform the workplace climate of the geosciences to increase retention of women in the field and develop a sustainable model that can be transferred to other scientific domains. Currently,the Earth Science Women's Network (ESWN),the Association for Women Geoscientists,and the American Geophysical Union (AGU) have partnered to address the issue of sexual harassment in the earth,space and environmental sciences. [23] The program led by Erika Marín-Spiotta and is run with support from a four-year $1.1 million grant from the National Science Foundation. [24]
She previously served as an advisory board member of 500 Women Scientists,a grassroots organization working to make science open,inclusive,and accessible,and is on the leadership board of the Earth Science Women's Network.
In 2019 she delivered a TED talk [25] on the role of soil in maintenance of the Earth's climate,in particular relating soil use,degradation,and management with fluxes of greenhouse gases from the terrestrial ecosystem to the atmosphere.
Sarah E. Hobbie is an American ecologist,currently at the University of Minnesota,a National Academy of Sciences Fellow for Ecology,Evolution and Behavior in 2014 and a formerly Minnesota McKnight Land-Grant Professor.
Aradhna Tripati is an American geoscientist,climate scientist,and advocate for diversity. She is a professor at the University of California,Los Angeles (UCLA) where she is part of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability,the Department of Earth,Planetary,and Space Sciences,the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,and the California Nanosystems Institute. She is also the director of the Center for Diverse Leadership in Science. Her research includes advancing new chemical tracers for the study of environmental processes and studying the history of climate change and Earth systems. She is recognized for her research on climate change and clumped isotope geochemistry. She studies the evolution of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and the impacts on temperature,the water cycle,glaciers and ice sheets,and ocean acidity.
Sharon J. Hall is an ecosystem ecologist and associate professor at the School of Life Sciences at Arizona State University. Her research focuses on ecosystem ecology and the ways that human activity interacts with the environment.
Lisa Welp is a biogeochemist who utilizes stable isotopes to understand how water and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the land and atmosphere. She is a professor at Purdue University in the department of Earth,Atmosphere,and Planetary Sciences.
Caroline Masiello is a biogeochemist who develops tools to better understand the cycling and fate of globally relevant elemental cycles. She is a professor at Rice University in the Department of Earth,Environmental and Planetary Sciences and holds joint appointments in the Chemistry and Biochemistry Departments. Masiello was elected as a Fellow of the Geological Society of America in 2017. She currently leads an interdisciplinary team of scientists who are developing microbial sensors for earth system science.
Wendy Yang is an associate professor of Plant Biology and Geology at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign where she works on soil biogeochemistry and ecosystem ecology.
Whendee Silver is an American ecosystem ecologist and biogeochemist.
Pamela H. Templer is an ecosystem ecologist and professor at Boston University who focuses on plant-microbial interaction and their effect on carbon exchange and nutrient cycling. She is also interested in examining how urban ecosystems function,how human actions influence nutrient cycling,atmosphere-biosphere interactions,and other ecosystem processes.
Erika Marín-Spiotta is a biogeochemist and ecosystem ecologist. She is currently Professor of Geography at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She is best-known for her research of the terrestrial carbon cycle and is an advocate for underrepresented groups in the sciences,specifically women.
Jane Kathryn Willenbring is an American geomorphologist and professor at Stanford University. She is best known for using cosmogenic nuclides to investigate landscape changes and dynamics. She has won multiple awards including the Antarctica Service Medal and the National Science Foundation CAREER Award.
Christine Goodale is an ecosystem ecologist and an Associate Professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Cornell University. Goodale conducts research that studies the cycling of water,carbon,nitrogen and other nutrients through forest ecosystems.
Tana Elaine Wood is a biogeochemist and ecosystem scientist with a focus in land-use and climate change. Her research is focused on looking into how these issues affect tropical forested ecosystems and particularly focuses on soil science and below ground research efforts.
Holly RenéBarnard is an American geographer and Associate Professor of Geography at the University of Colorado Boulder. She studies how vegetation impacts the dynamics and pathways of streams. In 2020 Barnard was awarded a $7 million National Science Foundation grant to set up a Critical Zone Observatory at the University of Colorado Boulder.
Teamrat Afewerki Ghezzehei is an American earth scientist and the Associate Professor of Environmental Soil Physics at the University of California,Merced. He specialises in soil physics,agroecology and environmental stewardship.
Jessica Lynn Blois is an American paleoecologist.
Margaret Torn is an ecologist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory known for her research on carbon cycling,especially with respect to the interactions between soils and the atmosphere.
Jennifer Harden is geologist known for her research on soils,particularly tracking changes in soil profiles over time and the role of soil systems in carbon and nitrogen cycling.
Jennifer Pett-Ridge is an American biologist who is a senior staff scientist at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. She also serves as an adjunct professor at the University of California,Merced. Her research makes use of systems biology and geochemistry to uncover function in microbial communities. She was awarded a 2021 United States Department of Energy Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award.
Lucy Hutyra is an American urban ecologist who is a professor of earth and environment at Boston University. Her research uses a multi-disciplinary approach to understand the terrestrial carbon cycle. She was named a MacArthur Fellow in 2023.
Bala Chaudhary is an American soil ecologist. She is an Associate Professor of Environmental Studies at Dartmouth College.