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Asisten Pribadi (English: Personal assistants), better known by the acronym Aspri, were a team of advisors to Indonesian President Suharto from 1968 until 1974. The group was disbanded in the wake of the Malari incident in January 1974, though all members of the group would remain active as advisors to Suharto, including General Ali Murtopo who was appointed Minister of Information in the Third Development Cabinet in 1978.
Aspri was the successor team to the previous group of personal staff (Staf Pribadi, or Spri) that Suharto had appointed a few years before. The small group of Spri had been formed by Suharto in August 1966 after he had received the Supersemar letter of authority from Sukarno. He appointed the Spri to help him establish the New Order regime in Indonesia. The original team of Spri included six army officers and twelve civilians. [1] In 1968, after Suharto had been appointed President in his own right, he disbanded the Spri and formed Aspri instead, limiting its membership to a small group of army officers. Although their position did not entail formal power, some members of Aspri, notably Ali Murtopo and Sujono Humardhani, became influential figures in their own right. [2]
However over time the Aspri group of advisers became unpopular because the group was seen to be exercising too much influence. Critics of the regime took the opportunity to press for the group to be disbanded in the last months of 1973 and January 1974. [3] Suharto responded to the criticisms by disbanding the Aspri team after the Malari Incident in January 1974. Even so, the individuals who had been members of the team remained close to Suharto and influential within government into the 1980s.
The members of Aspri were: [3]
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Suharto was an Indonesian army officer and politician, who served as the second and the longest serving president of Indonesia. Widely regarded as a military dictator by international observers, Suharto led Indonesia through a dictatorship for 31 years, from the fall of Sukarno in 1967 until his own resignation in 1998. The legacy of his 31-year rule, and his US$38 billion net worth, is still debated at home and abroad.
The Party of Functional Groups, often known by its abbreviation Golkar, is a political party in Indonesia. It was founded as the Joint Secretariat of Functional Groups in 1964, and participated for the first time in national elections in 1971 as Functional Groups. Golkar was not officially a political party until 1999, when it was required to become a party in order to contest elections.
General of the Army Abdul Haris Nasution, was a high-ranking Indonesian general and politician. He served in the military during the Indonesian National Revolution and he remained in the military during subsequent turmoil of the Parliamentary democracy and Guided Democracy. Following the fall of President Sukarno from power, he became the Speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly under president Suharto. Born into a Batak Muslim family, in the village of Hutapungkut, Dutch East Indies, he studied teaching and enrolled at a military academy in Bandung.
The Berkeley Mafia was the term given to a group of U.S.-educated Indonesian economists who were given technocratic positions under the Suharto dictatorship in Indonesia in the late 1960s. They were appointed in the early stages of the New Order administration. Their work focused on promoting free-market capitalism in Indonesia, reversing many of the progressive economic reforms that had been introduced by the Sukarno government. The Berkeley Mafia, like the Suharto dictatorship itself, aligned with the United States during the Cold War.
The New Order is the term coined by the second Indonesian President Suharto to characterise his administration as he came to power in 1966 until his resignation in 1998. Suharto used this term to contrast his presidency with that of his predecessor Sukarno.
Indonesia's transition to the New Order in the mid-1960s ousted the country's first president, Sukarno, after 22 years in the position. One of the most tumultuous periods in the country's modern history, it was the commencement of Suharto's 31-year presidency.
Leonardus Benjamin Moerdani was the ABRI Commander from 1983 to 1988 and also served as Indonesia's Minister of Defense and Security. He is famous due to his strong stance in many decisive situations in Indonesian political and social life. He was also significant as a leader who was Catholic in a predominantly Muslim community.
The Third Development Cabinet was the Indonesian Cabinet which served under President Suharto and Vice President Adam Malik. The Cabinet was formed after Suharto was elected to a third term as president by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR).
The Second Development Cabinet was the Indonesian Cabinet which served under President Suharto and Vice President Hamengkubuwono IX. The Cabinet was formed after Suharto was elected to a 2nd term as President by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). It has the distinction as the last Cabinet which contains members of the United Development Party (PPP) and the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI). After this Cabinet and until Suharto's fall in 1998, all the other Development Cabinets would be dominated by members of Golkar and ABRI.
The Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals is a Muslim organization in Indonesia. Founded in 1990 by Indonesian Secretary of Research and Technology B. J. Habibie, the organisation is committed to fight against poverty and improve education in Indonesia.
The revised Dwikora Cabinet was the Indonesian Cabinet which served under President Sukarno from February 1966 to March 1966. The Cabinet was formed under an extremely tense political situation and it was expected that this Cabinet would address the concerns of the people. It was during a meeting of this Cabinet that unidentified troops surrounded the Presidential Palace causing to Sukarno to escape to Bogor from where he gave Supersemar to Lieutenant General Suharto.
Ali Murtopo was a prominent Indonesian general and political figure during the first half of General Suharto's New Order regime.
Sumitro, or Soemitro was a prominent Indonesian General in the early years of General Suharto's New Order before suddenly falling from grace in January 1974 after the Malari incident.
The Operational Command for the Restoration of Security and Order, or Kopkamtib, was a military body established to deal with the 1965 coup attempt operation in Indonesia, and was subsequently used by President Suharto's New Order regime to suppress dissent.
The Dwikora Cabinet,, was the 21st Indonesian cabinet. President Sukarno reshuffled the previous cabinet on 27 August 1964 to produce a cabinet better able to implement the government policy he had announced in his Independence Day speech entitled "the Year of Living Dangerously". The cabinet was appointed on 2 September and served for a year and five months before being reshuffled on 21 February 1966.
Indonesia Raya was an Indonesian newspaper co-founded in 1949 by Mochtar Lubis. Before its permanent closure in 1974, it was banned numerous times during the Sukarno and Suharto governmental period.
The Malari incident was a student demonstration and riot that happened from 15 to 16 January 1974. In reaction to a state visit by the Japanese Prime Minister, Kakuei Tanaka, students held a demonstration protesting corruption, high prices, and inequality in foreign investments. After provocation by suspected agent provocateurs, the demonstrations became riots, which eventually turned into a pogrom. By the end of the incident, 11 protestors had been killed and hundreds of cars and buildings destroyed.
Ali Wardhana, more colloquially known as Bung Ali, was an Indonesian professor and economist, who served as the 3rd Coordinating Minister for Economics, Finance, Industry, and Development of Indonesia, from 1983 until 1988, and the 21st Minister of Finance of Indonesia, from 1968 until 1983. He was one of Indonesia's most senior economic policy-makers during the New Order regime of president Suharto, being a member of the influential Berkeley Mafia, a group of American educated Indonesian economists who shaped the Indonesian economy during the New Order. He was the longest serving Minister of Finance, as well as the fifth longest serving minister in Indonesian history.
Parmusi was a political party in Indonesia. It was established in 1968, came fourth in the 1971 Indonesian legislative election, winning 5.36% of the vote and 24 seats in the legislature, and in 1973 was obliged by the New Order regime to join other Islamist parties and fuse into the United Development Party.
Major General Soedjono Hoemardani was an Indonesian military officer.
