Aufschrei

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The correct title of this article is #Aufschrei. The omission of the # is due to technical restrictions.
The hashtag in SlutWalk, Munich, 2019 Slut Walk Munchen 2019 013 (cropped).jpg
The hashtag in SlutWalk, Munich, 2019

#Aufschrei ("outcry") is a German hashtag which went viral on the social media platform Twitter in 2013 with the goal of raising awareness about experiences of sexism in Germany. The Tweets began to appear in response to the publication of an article in which journalist Laura Himmelreich describes an invasive encounter with politician Rainer Brüderle of Germany's Free Democratic Party (FDP); within the German public, these tweets triggered a national debate on sexism, particularly experiences of everyday sexism. [1]

Contents

Progression of the debate

On January 24, 2013, the German magazine Stern published an article by journalist Laura Himmelreich about the FDP's leading candidate for the 2013 federal election, Rainer Brüderle, in which she accuses the politician of sexually intrusive behavior. [2] The announcement of the coming article, on January 23, 2013, [3] marked the beginning of a sexism debate in Germany. Himmelreich's article was preceded by an article by Anett Meiritz, which appeared in the German magazine Spiegel and discussed misogyny in Germany's Pirate Party. [4]

On January 24, 2013, after Twitter user Nicole von Horst posted about her own experiences with sexism, [5] feminist Anne Wizorek, along with other young women, [6] [7] established the hashtag #aufschrei on Twitter, triggering an avalanche of Tweets about comments and actions which women perceived as sexist and which caused women to feel violated in their everyday lives. [8] From January 21 to 27, 2013, the hashtag appeared in over 57,000 Twitter messages, however, some of them did not support the intentions of the hashtag's initiator. [9] [10] [11] Thereafter, the sexism debate was also discussed in print media and television programs, such as in talks shows hosted by Markus Lanz, Maybrit Illner, [12] and Günther Jauch [13] as well as in the international press, [14] and "spilled over as far as the U.S." [15] Such publications as the New York Times reported and commented on the debate in numerous articles. [16]

The term sexism was not used consistently in the subsequent debate, but rather, the debate devolved into a search for clear, authoritative rules for men in their interactions with women. [17] In a column as well as a book, both titled Dann mach doch die Bluse zu! (eng. Then button up your blouse!), Birgit Kelle  [ de ] criticized the debate, suggesting that the evaluation of male behavior as either flirtatious or sexist depends on personal perceptions and is therefore random. According to her, if George Clooney, instead of Rainer Brüderle, had exchanged the exact same words with Laura Himmelreich, the conversation would probably have been interpreted in a totally different way. The topic of "sexism among (or against) men" also played a partial role in the debate, [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] whereby power dynamics were critically discussed. [24] In the magazine analyse & kritik (eng. analysis & critique), journalist Margarita Tsomou made the point that, within the discourse about society's relationship between homosexual, bisexual, and transgender people on one side and intersectionality on the other, women of color have been largely excluded. [25] Several celebrities also took part in the debate, such as Anke Domscheit-Berg and Wolfgang Gründinger, who called for a discussion about "new gender ideals." [26] [27] In an interview one year after the campaign began, Wizorek called for a modern vision of masculinity. [5] In September 2014, Anne Wizorek described the #aufschrei campaign in a book, which she presented as a kind of "quick, tech-savvy guide on all things feminist." [28]

"Tugendfuror"

At the start of March 2013, Germany's federal president, Joachim Gauck, commented on the affair in a conversation with Spiegel: "when such a Tugendfuror (eng. approx. 'rage of virtue') dominates the discussion, I am less moral than one might expect from me as a former priest." He further explains that there is certainly more work to do where women are concerned. "I cannot, however, acknowledge any especially egregious, widespread misbehavior of men towards women in our country." [29] On the platform alltagssexismus.de, an open letter was published with a request for signatures, challenging Gauck to acknowledge the stories described in the #aufschrei Tweets, which could be read both on that webpage and on Twitter itself. The signatories took issue with the term Tugendfuror. Per the text of the letter, the worried "carries the same dismissive quality as 'hysteria,' and was clearly used to make women's anger seem laughable and to minimize their concerns as overly emotional. His words served to perpetuate centuries-old stereotypes about women – stereotypes which help to reinforce sexist structures and which stand in the way of gender equality." [30]

Gauck's press secretary explained that the federal president does not, as a rule, respond to open letters, but intended to look into gender equality during his time in office. [31] Later, Gauck attempted to defuse the conflict and, on the occasion of International Women's Day on March 8, declared that there "still exists disenfranchisement, even discrimination and sexism in our everyday lives." [32] According to him, he would welcome "women as well as men – to conduct an engaging and serious debate." [33]

One blogger wished that Gauck would "have to spend three months walking through German cities someday as a young woman at night" [31] and, in her column, Christiane Jörges commented on his position, that with his "Tugendfuror" remark, he showed himeslf to be "an old man and a man of the old order." [34]

Grimme Online Award

On June 21, 2013, #aufschrei was recognized with a Grimme Online Award in their "special" category. In their explanatory statement, the jury emphasized that never before has a discussion, which began on a social-media platform, found such a wide audience in traditional media and in politics. The hashtag showed the importance of social media for social debates on important and polarizing topics. At the same time, the jury expressed their hope for a new "intertwined on- and offline culture of debate." Winners of this award included all "hashtag users who constructively discussed the problems of everyday sexism." [35]

Swiss #aufschrei

In October 2016, Switzerland also took part in a public debate about sexism and sexual violence. Unknown initiators began the discussion using the hashtag #schweizeraufschrei on Twitter. The movement was triggered by comments made in an interview by member of the National Council and former police officer Andrea Geissbühler (Swiss People's Party, SVP); specifically, she said that naïve women are complicit in their own rapes. [36] On Twitter, women and men reacted with descriptions of sexual harassment in their everyday lives. Within a few days, over 1000 tweets were published with this hashtag. [37] [38] Even politicians reported on sexism in the federal parliament. [39] The initiators continue to attempt to stimulate further public discussion by providing a kind of open-access blogging website. [40]

See also

Literature

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References

  1. ↑ Caspari, Lisa (2014-01-23). "Sexismus-Debatte: Der #aufschrei und seine Folgen". Die Zeit. ISSN   0044-2070 . Retrieved 2017-03-25.
  2. ↑ "Der Herrenwitz". stern.de (in German). February 2013. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  3. ↑ "Der spitze Kandidat". stern.de (in German). 23 January 2013. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  4. ↑ Meiritz, Annett (14 January 2013). "Annett Meiritz über die Frauenfeindlichkeit in der Piratenpartei". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  5. 1 2 "Interview: "#aufschrei hat ein Tabu gebrochen" | tagesschau.de". 2014-01-25. Archived from the original on 2014-01-25. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  6. ↑ "@marthadear @vonhorst #aufschrei ist gut!". Twitter. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  7. ↑ Beitzer, Hannah (11 February 2013). "Netzfeminismus - Männer, ihr habt doch ein Gehirn!". Süddeutsche.de (in German). Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  8. ↑ SPIEGEL, DER (25 January 2013). "#Aufschrei: Interview zur Sexismus-Debatte auf Twitter". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  9. ↑ SPIEGEL, DER (8 February 2013). "#Aufschrei führt zu Twitter-Rekord". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  10. ↑ "Photo". Twitter. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  11. ↑ "Sexismus-Debatte: Auf Twitter erschallte mehr als 49.000 Mal ein #aufschrei - Digital | STERN.DE". 2013-02-11. Archived from the original on 2013-02-11. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  12. ↑ Landsberg, Torsten (February 2013). "Sexismus: Brüderle-Talk bei Illner mit Kubicki und Roth". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  13. ↑ Mühl, Melanie. "Frühkritik: Günther Jauch: #Dirndl bei #Jauch". FAZ.NET (in German). ISSN   0174-4909 . Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  14. ↑ "Le déclin du mâle blanc allemand". Le Monde.fr (in French). 2013-02-07. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  15. ↑ ""Brüderle ist auf sein Alter reduziert worden"". FOCUS Online (in German). Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  16. ↑ Eddy, Melissa; Cottrell, Chris (2013-01-29). "German Politician's Remark Stirs Outcry Over Sexism". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  17. ↑ "ZEIT ONLINE | Lesen Sie zeit.de mit Werbung oder im PUR-Abo. Sie haben die Wahl". www.zeit.de. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  18. ↑ Bönt, Ralf. "Ende des Patriarchats: Der Feminismus hat sich verirrt". FAZ.NET (in German). ISSN   0174-4909 . Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  19. ↑ "ZEIT ONLINE | Lesen Sie zeit.de mit Werbung oder im PUR-Abo. Sie haben die Wahl". www.zeit.de. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  20. ↑ "Ich auch. - Eventuell Sexismus". www.freitag.de (in German). Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  21. ↑ SPIEGEL, DER (3 February 2013). "Dirk Niebel fordert Debatte über Sexismus gegen Männer". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  22. ↑ Meinhold, Philip (2013-06-05). "Rollenklischees in Männermagazinen: Harte Stecher". Die Tageszeitung: taz (in German). ISSN   0931-9085 . Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  23. ↑ Oestreich, Heide (2012-05-24). "Forscher über Männerbewegung: "Maskulinisten dominieren nur im Netz"". Die Tageszeitung: taz (in German). ISSN   0931-9085 . Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  24. ↑ "ZEIT ONLINE | Lesen Sie zeit.de mit Werbung oder im PUR-Abo. Sie haben die Wahl". www.zeit.de. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  25. ↑ Tsomou, Margarita (February 15, 2013). "Der Aufschrei, der nicht gehört wurde". www.akweb.de. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved September 8, 2021.
  26. ↑ "Gespräch auf heute.de: "Wie sollen Männer denn jetzt sein?"". archive.today. Archived from the original on April 12, 2013.
  27. ↑ Icpinar, Canset (2013-02-06). "Anke Domscheit-Berg beim taz.lab: "Es geht anders"". Die Tageszeitung: taz (in German). ISSN   0931-9085 . Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  28. 1 2 Oestreich, Heide (2014-10-03). "Buch "Weil ein #Aufschrei nicht reicht": Feminismus? Fuck, yeah!". Die Tageszeitung: taz (in German). ISSN   0931-9085 . Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  29. ↑ SPIEGEL, DER (3 March 2013). "Sexismus-Debatte: Gauck beklagt "Tugendfuror" im Fall Brüderle". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  30. ↑ Oestreich, Heide (2013-03-06). "Offener Brief junger Feministinnen: Gauck kriegt Stress". Die Tageszeitung: taz (in German). ISSN   0931-9085 . Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  31. 1 2 Rietzschel, Antonie (6 March 2013). "#Aufschrei wegen Bundespräsident Joachim Gauck". Süddeutsche.de (in German). Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  32. ↑ "Gauck geht auf seine Kritiker zu". stern.de (in German). 7 March 2013. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  33. ↑ Schmale, Holger (17 January 2019). "Gauck fest an der Seite der Frauen". Frankfurter Rundschau . Frankfurt, Germany. Archived from the original on 20 November 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  34. ↑ "Christiane Jörges - Berlin im Blick: Die Stille nach dem #Aufschrei - N24.de". 2015-05-27. Archived from the original on 2015-05-27. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  35. ↑ "Grimme Online Award | Preisträger 2013". 2013-06-24. Archived from the original on 2013-06-24. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  36. ↑ ""Naive Frauen mitschuldig an Vergewaltigung" – SVP-Frau setzt sich in die Nesseln". Watson (in German). Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  37. ↑ Bruhin, Nicole (2016-10-14). "#SchweizerAufschrei: So sexistisch ist die Schweiz". Blick (in Swiss High German). Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  38. ↑ "Jetzt hat auch die Schweiz ihren #Aufschrei - St.Galler Tagblatt Online". 2016-10-26. Archived from the original on 2016-10-26. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  39. ↑ "Sexismus – sogar im Bundeshaus". Tages-Anzeiger (in German). ISSN   1422-9994 . Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  40. ↑ "Home". #SchweizerAufschrei. October 22, 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-10-25. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
  41. ↑ Groll, Tina (29 September 2014). "Der #Aufschrei wird zum Manifest". Die Zeit (in German). Archived from the original on 2018-03-09. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  42. ↑ Kämper, Vera (23 September 2014). "Aufschrei: Was wurde aus der Debatte über Sexismus". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 2021-09-08.
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