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Mars 96 was a failed Mars mission launched in 1996 to investigate Mars by the Russian Space Forces and not directly related to the Soviet Mars probe program of the same name. After failure of the second fourth-stage burn, the probe assembly re-entered the Earth's atmosphere, breaking up over a 320 km (200 mi) long portion of the Pacific Ocean, Chile, and Bolivia. The Mars 96 spacecraft was based on the Phobos probes launched to Mars in 1988. They were of a new design at the time and both ultimately failed. For the Mars 96 mission the designers believed they had corrected the flaws of the Phobos probes, but the value of their improvements was never demonstrated due to the destruction of the probe during the launch phase.
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The Heliophysics Science Division of the Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA) conducts research on the Sun, its extended Solar System environment, and interactions of Earth, other planets, small bodies, and interstellar gas with the heliosphere. Division research also encompasses geospace—Earth's uppermost atmosphere, the ionosphere, and the magnetosphere—and the changing environmental conditions throughout the coupled heliosphere.
The Mars carbonate catastrophe was an event that happened on Mars in its early history. Evidence shows Mars was once warmer and wet about 4 billion years ago, that is about 560 million years after the formation of Mars. Mars quickly, over a 1 to 12 million year time span, lost its water, becoming cold and very dry. Factors in Mars losing its water and most of its atmosphere are: the carbonate catastrophe, loss of the planet's magnetic field and Mars' low gravity. Mars' low gravity and loss of a magnetic field allowed the Sun's solar wind to strip away most of Mars' atmosphere and water into outer space.
References
- ↑ "Mars Express discovers aurorae on Mars". www.esa.int. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
- ↑ Bryant, Mike (2015-05-14). "Auroras on Mars". MAVEN. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
- ↑ "In an ultraviolet glow, auroras on Mars spotted by UAE orbiter". NBC News. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
- ↑ "Auroras on Mars – NASA Science". science.nasa.gov. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain . - ↑ Brown, Dwayne; Neal-Jones, Nancy; Steigerwald, Bill; Scott, Jim (18 March 2015). "NASA Spacecraft Detects Aurora and Mysterious Dust Cloud around Mars". NASA. Release 15-045. Retrieved 18 March 2015. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
- ↑ Webster, Guy; Neal-Jones, Nancy; Scott, Jim; Schmid, Deb; Cantillo, Laurie; Brown, Dwayne (29 September 2017). "Large Solar Storm Sparks Global Aurora and Doubles Radiation Levels on the Martian Surface". NASA. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
- ↑ Girazian, Z.; et al. (27 March 2022). "Space Physics: Discrete Aurora at Mars: Dependence on Upstream Solar Wind Conditions" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research . 127 (4). doi:10.1029/2021JA030238. PMID 35866072. S2CID 246029112.
