 | |
 Australia |  Mongolia |
|---|---|
| Diplomatic mission | |
| Embassy of Australia, Ulaanbaatar | Embassy of Mongolia, Canberra |
| Envoy | |
| Ambassador Katie Smith [1] | Ambassador Davaasuren Damdinsuren [2] |
Bilateral relations exist between Australia and Mongolia. Diplomatic ties were established in 1972, [3] with ties focusing on education, mining, [4] and developmental assistance. [5]
At the time of Australian federation in 1901, Mongolia (as well as China) was part of the Manchu Qing Empire. The succeeding Republic of China lost effective control of Mongolia in 1921 and an independence referendum was held in 1945. The Republic of China also lost control of mainland China itself around 1949–1950, retreating to Taiwan, but for a time Australia continued to recognise its claim to represent the whole of China and Mongolia. Australia only recognised Mongolia as independent from the Republic of China (Taiwan) in February 1967, despite Taiwanese objections. Mongolia was only the second Communist state Australia had recognised, after the Soviet Union. [6]
The two countries established official diplomatic relations on 15 September 1972. Mongolia opened an embassy in Canberra in 2008, while Australia opened an embassy in Ulaanbaatar in December 2015, previously having opened an Australian Trade Commission in 2011. [3]
The Governor-General of Australia Bill Hayden visited Mongolia in 1994, and the President of Mongolia Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat visited Australia in 1997. [7] [8]
In February 2011, then-Prime Minister of Mongolia Sükhbaataryn Batbold became the first Mongolian head of government [5] to visit Australia.
In September 2023 Mongolian Foreign Minister Batmunkh Battsetseg visited Canberra on a 4 day diplomatic visit at the invitation of Australian Foreign Minister Penny Wong. [9] . Both the Mongolian Ambassador to Australia, Davaasuren Damdinsuren as well as the Mongolian Foreign Minister attended question time in the House of Representatives on the 13th of September 2023. [10]
Australia and Mongolia established reciprocal Work and Holiday Maker visas in 2022. [11]
In 2013, The Australian reported that more than 650 Australians lived in Mongolia, with over 45 businesses conducting operations. [12]
In the 2010 Mongolian National Census, 962 Mongolian citizens were recorded to have been living in Australia, [13] while in 2017 the Australian ambassador remarked that there were about 2000 Mongolian students studying in Australia. [4]
In 2018, the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade remarked that over 7000 Mongolian students were studying in Australia. [14]
The 2021 Australian Census returned a figure of 5,397 people in Australia born in Mongolia, with 8.2% being Australian citizens. [15]
The Mongolian Embassy gave a figure of 11,000 Mongolians living in Australia in April 2023. [16]
SBS Radio, a hybrid-funded Australian public service broadcaster, produces Mongolian-language podcasts, news articles, and radio broadcasts. [17]
The Australian National University's Mongolia Institute was founded in 2013 to promote Mongolian studies in Oceania. [18]
The 2011 Australian Census reported 668 Australians with Mongolian parents, with Mongolia ranking as the 7th fastest growing overseas birthplace, and Mongolian as the 9th fastest growing language. A total of 1,235 people were reported to have Mongolian ancestry. [19]
The 2021 Australian Census reported 5,397 people born in Mongolia resident in Australia, of which 444 were Australian citizens, while there were a total of 7,808 people reporting Mongolian ancestry. [20]
Australia's aid program to Mongolia involves education and support to the mining industry and governance, with a total of 10.9 million AUD allocated for aid in the 2017-18 period. [21]
Over 560 Australia Awards postgraduate scholarships under AusAID have been awarded to Mongolians since the program began in 1993–1994. [22]
Australia participates in the annual Khaan Quest peacekeeping exercises hosted in Mongolia. [3]
Foreign relations of Australia are influenced by its position as a leading trading nation and as a significant donor of humanitarian aid. Australia's foreign policy is guided by a commitment to multilateralism and regionalism, as well as to build strong bilateral relations with its allies. Key concerns include free trade, terrorism, refugees, economic co-operation with Asia and stability in the Indo-Pacific. Australia is active in the United Nations and the Commonwealth of Nations. Given its history of starting and supporting important regional and global initiatives, it has been described as a regional middle power par excellence.
Mongolia has diplomatic relations with 191 UN states, the Holy See, the State of Palestine and the European Union.
Mongolia–North Korea relations are the historic and current bilateral relations between Mongolia and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
Czech Republic–Mongolia relations refer to the diplomatic relations between the Czech Republic and Mongolia. The Czech Republic has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar. Both countries are members of the International Investment Bank (IIB) and formerly Comecon.
The Mongolian passport is a passport issued to Mongolian citizens to enable them to travel outside Mongolia. Mongolian citizens have visa-free or visa on arrival access to 62 countries and territories.
Foreign relations exist between Australia and Estonia. Australia first recognised Estonia on 22 September 1921. Australia was among the first countries to re-recognise Estonia's independence on 27 August 1991. Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on 21 November 1991.
Foreign relations exist between Australia and Thailand. Thailand is represented through its embassy in Canberra and a consulate general in Sydney. Australia has an embassy in Bangkok. Formal diplomatic relations were established between the two nations in 1952.
Australia–North Korea relations refers to the existing bilateral relationship between Australia and North Korea. Relations were officially established on 31 July 1974 when Australia extended diplomatic recognition to North Korea under the Whitlam government. Overall, relations have been stressed and at times, tense, due to Australia's historical involvement in the Korean War and military alliance with the United States, and contemporary disputes such as North Korea's nuclear weapons program and accusations of human rights abuses by both sides.
Bilateral relations exist between Australia and Iran. Australia has maintained a continuous diplomatic presence in Iran since the Australian Embassy in Tehran was established in 1968. Iran has had an embassy in Canberra since September 1971.
Bilateral relations exist between Australia and Paraguay. Diplomatic relations were established in 1974. Paraguay has an embassy in Canberra whilst Australia has a non resident ambassador in Buenos Aires. Both countries are members of the Cairns Group.
Diplomatic relations between Australia and Morocco were established in 1976. Morocco has had an embassy in Canberra since 2004 and the Australian Embassy in Rabat was established in May 2017, upgrading the existing Austrade office in Rabat. Previously the Australian Embassy in Paris was accredited to Morocco since 1978.
The earliest modern contact between Mongolia and the Republic of Singapore started in 1950, and both countries established diplomatic relations in 1970.
Khaltmaagiin Battulga is a Mongolian politician and sambo wrestler who served as the 5th President of Mongolia from 2017 to 2021. He served as Member of the State Great Khural from 2004 to 2016 and Minister of Roads, Transportation, Construction and Urban Development from 2008 to 2012. Before his career in politics, Battulga was a sambo wrestling champion. He was the Democratic Party's candidate in the 2017 presidential election and was elected President with 50.6% in the run-off, the first-ever run-off election in modern Mongolian history. Mongolians are sharply divided about his role in the 2019 Mongolian constitutional crisis.
Germany–Mongolia relations are the bilateral relations between Germany and Mongolia. Historically, the Mongolian People's Republic had close ties to the German Democratic Republic, which has persisted to this day. Mongolia established ties with the Federal Republic of Germany in 1974.
The Embassy of Afghanistan in Canberra is the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan's diplomatic mission to the Commonwealth of Australia. It is also accredited to New Zealand and Fiji. It is located in the suburb of Deakin, at 4 Beale Crescent. The current Afghan Ambassador to Australia, serving since 2017, is Wahidullah Waissi.
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