 | |
 Austria |  Mexico |
|---|---|
Diplomatic relations exist between the Republic of Austria and the United Mexican States. Both nations are members of the OECD and the United Nations.
| | |
Austria | Mexico |
|---|---|
Diplomatic relations exist between the Republic of Austria and the United Mexican States. Both nations are members of the OECD and the United Nations.
In July 1842, the Austrian Empire and Mexico established diplomatic relations after signing a treaty of Friendship, Navigation and Commerce between the two nations. [1] In December 1861, Emperor Napoleon III of France invaded Mexico. After successfully taking over the country, Emperor Napoleon III, along with the Mexican aristocracy, offered the crown of Mexico to his Austrian cousin, Maximilian of Habsburg. In April 1864, Maximilian, along with his wife Carlota set sail for Mexico and upon arrival to the country in May 1864, Maximilian was declared Emperor of Mexico. This period was known as the Second Mexican Empire. [2]
The reign of Emperor Maximilian was engulfed in constant conflict between his French backed government and the government in exile of Benito Juárez. In 1866, France withdrew its army from Mexico and in June 1867, Emperor Maximilian was captured by Juárez forces in Querétaro City and executed along with two of his generals, thus ending the empire. [1] After the execution of Maximilian, diplomatic relations between Austria and Mexico were severed until 1901. [3]
In 1938, Mexico became the only country to protest against the Anschluss of Austria at the League of Nations. [4] During World War II, Austria was part of the German Reich and in May 1942 Mexico declared war on Germany after the destruction of two Mexican oil tankers in the Gulf of Mexico by German U-boats. [5] During the war, Mexico accepted 1,500 Austrian refugees fleeing Nazi persecution. [3] After the war, normal relations were restored between the two nations.
Over the years, diplomatic relations between the two nations have strengthened. In 2005, President Heinz Fischer became the first Austrian head of state to pay a visit to Mexico. [6] In 2006, former President Vicente Fox reciprocated the visit by paying a state visit to Austria. [6] In 2011, the Colegio Austriaco Mexicano opened in Querétaro City. [7]
There has been much discussion between the two nations over whether Austria should return Moctezuma's headdress to Mexico alongside various other pre-Hispanic artifacts that were taken to Austria in 1519 and are currently on display at the Museum of Ethnology in Vienna. [8] In July 2014, it was declared that the headdress was too fragile to travel and therefore cannot be returned to Mexico. [9] In 2018, Austria acknowledged and thanked Mexico on the 80th anniversary of Mexico's protest against the Anschluss. [10]
In 2021, both nations celebrated 120 years of diplomatic relations. [3]
High-level visits from Austria to Mexico [11]
High-level visits from Mexico to Austria [11]
Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as an Agreement on Cultural Exchanges (1974); Agreement on Air Transportation (1995); Agreement on the Promotion and Protection of Investments (1998) and an Agreement on the Avoidance of Double-Taxation and Tax Evasion (2004). [12]
In 1997, Mexico and the European Union (which includes Austria) signed a free trade agreement. In 2021, two-way trade between both nations amounted to US$1.6 billion. [13] [14] Austria is Mexico's 34th biggest foreign direct investor. Between 1999 - 2016, Austrian companies invested over US$284 million in Mexico. Austria's main exports to Mexico include: pharmaceutical products, steel, aluminum and paper. Mexico's main exports to Austria include: machinery, electronics, car parts and beer. [14] Mexican multinational companies América Móvil and Nemak operate in Austria. [14]
The foreign relations of Mexico are directed by the President of the United Mexican States and managed through the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs. The principles of the foreign policy are constitutionally recognized in the Article 89, Section 10, which include: respect for international law and legal equality of states, their sovereignty and independence, non-intervention in the domestic affairs of other countries, peaceful resolution of conflicts, and promotion of collective security through active participation in international organizations. Since the 1930s, the Estrada Doctrine has served as a crucial complement to these principles.
Greece-Mexico relations are the historical and current bilateral relations between the Hellenic Republic and the United Mexican States. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
Mexico–Russia relations are the diplomatic relations between the United Mexican States and the Russian Federation. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, G-20 major economies and the United Nations. Today the two countries share extensive partnerships in areas such as space, trade and military technologies as well as telecommunications.
Mexico–Romania relations are the diplomatic relations between Mexico and Romania. Both nations are mutual members of the United Nations and the World Trade Organization.
Mexico–Turkey relations are foreign relations between Mexico and Turkey. Both nations are members of the OECD and the United Nations.
Austria–Chile relations are the bilateral relations between Austria and Chile. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
Mexico–Spain relations are the bilateral relations between Mexico and Spain. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.
Hungary–Mexico relations are the foreign relations between Hungary and Mexico. Relations date back to the short reign of the Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico from 1864 to 1867. Diplomatic relations with Austria-Hungary were established in 1901, but were suspended between 1941 and 1974. They were re-established on 14 May 1974. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
France–Mexico relations are the diplomatic relations between France and Mexico. Both nations are members of the G-20 major economies, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
Egypt–Mexico relations are the diplomatic relations between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the United Mexican States. Both nations are members of the Group of 15, Group of 24 and the United Nations.
Mexico–Ukraine relations are the bilateral relations between Mexico and Ukraine. Both nations are members of the United Nations.
Mexico–Netherlands relations are the diplomatic relations between Mexico and the Netherlands. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
Mexico–Switzerland relations are the diplomatic relations between Mexico and Switzerland. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
Mexico–United Arab Emirates relations are the diplomatic relations between Mexico and the United Arab Emirates. Both nations are members of the United Nations.
Mexico–Vietnam relations are the diplomatic relations between Mexico and Vietnam. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation and the United Nations.
Kazakhstan–Mexico relations are the bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and Mexico. Both nations are members of the United Nations and the World Trade Organization.
Kuwait–Mexico relations are the diplomatic relations between Kuwait and Mexico. Both nations are members of the United Nations.
Mexico–Slovakia relations are the diplomatic relations between Mexico and Slovakia. Both countries are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
The Embassy of Mexico in Austria, based out of Vienna, is the primary diplomatic mission from the United Mexican States to the Republic of Austria. It is also accredited to the Slovak Republic, the Republic of Slovenia and the United Nations Office at Vienna.
Mexico–Tunisia relations are the bilateral relations between Mexico and Tunisia. Both nations are members of the United Nations.
| Africa |  | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Americas | |||
| Asia | |||
| Europe |
| ||
| Multilateral | |||
| Diplomatic missions | |||
