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Awlad Mandil or Banu Mandil were a family of the Maghrawa that ruled several regions in North Africa from c. 1160 to 1372. [1]
Khazrun ben Falful is said to be the first ancestor of the Banu Khazrun, the ruling dynasty of Tripoli from 1001 to 1146. Several branches are said to originate from the Banu Khazrum, the main ones being the rulers of Tripoli and Chelif. This last one originated from Abu Nas, whose son was Ibn Abu Nas, from whom Mandil I descended, the Almohad governor of Chelif c. 1160. His son, Abd al-Rhaman ben Mandil also became governor of Chelif c. 1180. [1]
Mandil II ben Abd al-Rahman was governor of Chelif, Uarsenis, Madiyya (Médéa) and Mitidja c. 1190-1126 and died in 1126 at the hands of Yahya Ibn Ghaniya, who occupied Mitidja. Mandil II had several sons, the first of which was Al Abbas ben Mandil, governor of Chelif 1226-1249, who lost his fathers gains in wars against the Banu Tudjin. He was forced back into the heartlands of lower Chelif. However, the intervention of the Hafsids in the area changed Al Abbas' fortunes. In exchange for becoming a buffer vassal state for the Hafsids, al-ʿAbbas received Mliana, Ténès, Brechk and Cherchell. [1]
Other sons of Mandil II included, Muhammad I ben Mandil, heir of his brother 1249-1263 (killed by Aid); Aid ben Mandil, governor of Uersenis and Madiyya 1263-1269; Umar ben Mandil, emir of Maghrawa 1269-1278. He was installed with the assistance of the Yaghmurasen, to whome he gave Milliana [1] [2]
Muhammad ben Thabit became the emir from 1294 to 1295 in the absence of his father. The Abdalwadid dynasty occupied their lands in 1295. [2] Rashid ben Thabit ben Mandil asked for help from the Marinid dynasty of Morocco (1295), but the emirate was assigned to Umar ben Waghram ben Mandil (c. 1299-13002). Rashid revolted in Mazuna and defeated Umar ben Waghram, ruling the Maghrawa 1302-1310, allied to Hafsid dynasty of Bugia (Bidjaya) after 1307. In 1310 Rashid died, and his son Ali ben Rashid was deposed by the Hafsid dynasty, migrating to Morocco with his followers. In 1342, after a defeat of Hafsid against Marinids, he took Mliana, Tenes, Brechk and Cherchel, reestablishing the emirate of Maghrawa, however he committed suicide[ how? ] after being defeated by the Addalwadid (1351/1352). His son Hamza ben Ali moved to Morocco. He come back to Chelif and revolted with the help of the Maghrawa (1371) against Marinids, but was defeated in 1371, and fled to the lands of the tribe of Banu Husayn (that revolted against Marinids with the help of Abdalwadids) and took the title of emir of Titteri. Upon his defeat in Timzught, he was captured and executed (1372).
Much of the history of Algeria has taken place on the fertile coastal plain of North Africa, which is often called the Maghreb. North Africa served as a transit region for people moving towards Europe or the Middle East, thus, the region's inhabitants have been influenced by populations from other areas, including the Carthaginians, Romans, and Vandals. The region was conquered by the Muslims in the early 8th century AD, but broke off from the Umayyad Caliphate after the Berber Revolt of 740. During the Ottoman period, Algeria became an important state in the Mediterranean sea which led to many naval conflicts. The last significant events in the country's recent history have been the Algerian War and Algerian Civil War.
1001 (MI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1001st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 1st year of the 2nd millennium and the 11th century, and the 2nd year of the 1000s decade. As of the start of 1001, the Gregorian calendar was 6 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was the dominant calendar of the time.
The Emirate of Nekor or Salihid Emirate was an emirate centered in the Rif area of present-day Morocco. Its capital was initially located at Temsaman, and then moved to Nekor. The dynasty was of Himyarite Arab descent from a certain companion of Uqba ibn Nafi. The emirate was founded in 710 CE by Salih I ibn Mansur through a Caliphate grant. Under his guidance, the local Berber tribes adopted Islam, but later deposed him in favor of one az-Zaydi from the Nafza tribe. They subsequently changed their mind and reappointed Ibn Mansur. His dynasty, the Banū Sālih, thereafter ruled the region until 1019.
The Banu Khazrun were a family of the Maghrawa that ruled Tripoli from 1001 to 1146.
The Zenata are a group of Berber tribes, historically one of the largest Berber confederations along with the Sanhaja and Masmuda. Their lifestyle was either nomadic or semi-nomadic.
The Hafsids were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Berber descent who ruled Ifriqiya from 1229 to 1574.
Mongol ruler Ghazan Khan converted to Islam.
The Marinid Sultanate was a Berber Muslim empire from the mid-13th to the 15th century which controlled present-day Morocco and, intermittently, other parts of North Africa and of the southern Iberian Peninsula (Spain) around Gibraltar. It was named after the Banu Marin, a Zenata Berber tribe. The sultanate was ruled by the Marinid dynasty, founded by Abd al-Haqq I.
Abu Al-Hasan 'Ali ibn 'Othman, was a sultan of the Marinid dynasty who reigned in Morocco between 1331 and 1348. In 1333 he captured Gibraltar from the Castilians, although a later attempt to take Tarifa in 1339 ended in fiasco. In North Africa he extended his rule over Tlemcen and Hafsid Ifriqiya, which together covered the north of what is now Algeria and Tunisia. Under him the Marinid realms in the Maghreb briefly covered an area that rivalled that of the preceding Almohad Caliphate. However, he was forced to retreat due to a revolt of the Arab tribes, was shipwrecked, and lost many of his supporters. His son Abu Inan Faris seized power in Fez. Abu Al-Hasan died in exile in the High Atlas mountains.
The Maghrawa or Meghrawa were a large Zenata Berber tribal confederation whose cradle and seat of power was the territory located on the Chlef in the north-western part of today's Algeria, bounded by the Ouarsenis to the south, the Mediterranean Sea to the north and Tlemcen to the west. They ruled these areas on behalf of the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba at the end of the 10th century and during the first half of the 11th century.
Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr was a Marinid ruler of Morocco. He was the son of Abu Yusuf Ya'qub, whom he succeeded in 1286. His mother was a sharifa, Lalla Oum'el'Iz bint Mohammed al-Alaoui. He was assassinated in 1307.
Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq was a Marinid ruler of Morocco. He was the fourth son of Marinid founder Abd al-Haqq, and succeeded his brother Abu Yahya in 1258. He died in 1286. He was the son of Abd al-Haqq I and Oum el-Iman bint Ali el-Bethary, a Zenata woman. Some sources add her mother to be known as Oum el Youm and a daughter of a Zenata clan leader of the Tafersit region.
The Kingdom of Tlemcen or Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen was a kingdom ruled by the Berber Zayyanid dynasty in what is now the northwest of Algeria. Its territory stretched from Tlemcen to the Chelif bend and Algiers, and at its zenith reached Sijilmasa and the Moulouya River in the west, Tuat to the south and the Soummam in the east.
Abu Said Uthman I, or "Othmane Ibn Yaghmoracen", or in Algerian arabic, ruled the Zenata Berber Kingdom of Tlemcen in Medieval Algeria from 1283 to 1303.
Abu Sa'id Uthman ibn Abi al-Ula was a Marinid prince who led an unsuccessful rebellion aiming to capture the throne, and fled to the Nasrid Emirate of Granada in its aftermath. There he served as the Commander of the Volunteers of the Faith of Granada, and became one of the most important political figures of the Nasrid realm.
The Hintata or Hin Tata were a Berber tribal confederation belonging to the tribal group Masmuda of the High Atlas, Morocco. They were historically known for their political power in the region of Marrakesh between the twelfth century and sixteenth century. Having helped the Almohads come to power, the Hintata have always been very close to the Almohad caliphs and during the Marinid period, controlled the region of Marrakesh from the Jabal Hintata, in the High Atlas, coming to reign independently on fifteenth century and early sixteenth century. The Hafsid dynasty of Tunis were a descendant of the Hintata.
The siege of Tlemcen from 1299 to 1307 designates all of the operations undertaken by the army of the Marinid sultan, Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr to seize the city of Tlemcen, the capital of the Zayyanid Kingdom, during the conflict between the Kingdom of Tlemcen and the Marinids. The siege was lifted following the assassination of the Marinid Sultan.
Abu Hafs Umar bin Yahya was the Hafsid caliph of Ifriqiya (1284–1295).
Abu Yahya Abu Bakr II was the Hafsid caliph of Ifriqiya from 1318 to 1346. He was the son of Abu-Zakariyya Yahya III, emir of Bejaia and grandson of Abu Ishaq Ibrahim I. Under his rule the former unity of the Hafsid domains was restored.
The Hafsids of Béjaïa were a dynasty of independent or autonomous emirs. They were a branch of the Hafsid dynasty that ruled from Tunis; at times they recognised the caliph in Tunis and at other times they ruled independently. Periodically there was also conflict between the two branches of the dynasty.
