Axstane was a hundred in the county of Kent, England.[1] The Hundred of Axstane lay south-east of Dartford and Wilmington Hundred. It is called Achestan in Domesday Book,[2] but by the reign of Edward I it was called Axstane.
A county is a geographical region of a country used for administrative or other purposes, in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French conté or cunté denoting a jurisdiction under the sovereignty of a count (earl) or a viscount. The modern French is comté, and its equivalents in other languages are contea, contado, comtat, condado, Grafschaft, graafschap, Gau, etc..
Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties. It borders Greater London to the north-west, Surrey to the west and East Sussex to the south-west. The county also shares borders with Essex along the estuary of the River Thames, and with the French department of Pas-de-Calais through the Channel Tunnel. The county town is Maidstone.
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north. The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain, which lies in the North Atlantic, and includes over 100 smaller islands, such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
Its name has been interpreted as referring to an oak bearing stony land, or alternatively a reference to the personal name Acca.[3]
In the time of Edward I, the King and the Archbishop of Canterbury were then its lords paramount. In the 20th year of the reign of Edward III (1347, just before the Black Death) this hundred answered for a total of 14.725 knights' fees.
The Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. The current archbishop is Justin Welby, who was enthroned at Canterbury Cathedral on 21 March 2013. Welby is the 105th in a line which goes back more than 1400 years to Augustine of Canterbury, the "Apostle to the English", sent from Rome in the year 597. Welby succeeded Rowan Williams.
The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague or the Plague, or less commonly the Black Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The Black Death was the first major European outbreak of plague, and the second plague pandemic. The plague created a number of religious, social and economic upheavals which had profound effects on the course of European history.
Alternative spellings: Achestan (as above), Axston, Axstone, Axtane, Axton[4]
Darenth is a village and civil parish in the Dartford District of Kent, England. The parish is located to the south-east of Dartford town; the village is three miles (4.8 km) from there. It is to the East of the M25.
Eynsford is a village and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. It is located 4.5 miles south east of Swanley.
Farningham is a village and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. It is located 3 miles south east of Swanley. It has a population of 1,314.
The Hundred of Dartford and Wilmington did not exist at the time of the Norman Conquest, and the parishes of Dartford and Wilmington were accounted as part of Axstane in Domesday Book.[5]
Dartford is the principal town in the Borough of Dartford, Kent, England. It is located 18 miles south-east of Central London, and is situated adjacent to the London Borough of Bexley to its west. To its north, across the Thames estuary, is Thurrock in Essex, which can be reached via the Dartford Crossing.
Wilmington is a village and civil parish in the borough of Dartford in Kent, England. It is focussed 1 mile (1.6 km) SSW of Dartford town centre and it forms the area north of Swanley Village. Much of Wilmington is beside the A2 Dartford Bypass, and around two and a half miles northeast of Swanley town centre. The parish as currently drawn covers the southwestern corner of Dartford's borough, including part of the Joydens Wood estate, and borders Greater London.
The importance of the hundred courts declined from the 17th century, and most of their powers were extinguished with the establishment of county courts in 1867. In 1894 the Hundred was succeeded by Dartford Rural District, which was then created out of the same parishes, with the addition of Wilmington and Crayford.[6]
Dartford Poor Law Union
DartfordPoor Law Union was formed on 19 May 1836, covering roughly the same area as the Hundred of Axstane. Its operation was overseen by an elected Board of Guardians, 24 in number, representing the following 21 constituent parishes (figures in brackets indicate numbers of Guardians if more than one): Ash, Bexley (2), Crayford (2), Darenth, Dartford (2), Eynsford, Erith, Farningham, Fawkham, Hartley, Horton Kirby, Kingsdown, Longfield, Lullingstone, Ridley, Southfleet, Stone, Sutton-at-Hone, Swanscombe, East Wickham, Wilmington.
The area was 34,139 acres (138km2). Population in 1851: 9,869; Houses: 1,852.[4]
↑ Out of the parish of Sutton at Hone and minor parts of other parishes
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The Borough of Dartford is a local government district in the north-west of the county of Kent, England. Its council is in Dartford. It is part of the contiguous London urban area. It borders the borough of Gravesham to the east, Sevenoaks District to the south, the London Borough of Bexley to the west, and the Thurrock unitary authority in Essex to the north, across the River Thames. The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the Municipal Borough of Dartford, the Swanscombe Urban District, and part of the Dartford Rural District. According to the 2011 Census, its population was 97,365.
Greenhithe is a village in the Dartford Borough of Kent. It is located east of Dartford. At the 2011 Census the village is located in the civil parish of Swanscombe and Greenhithe
West Kingsdown is a village and civil parish in the Sevenoaks district of Kent, England, on the A20 5 miles (8 km) southeast of Swanley, 5.5 miles (9 km) northeast of Sevenoaks and 22.5 miles (36.2 km) from London.
Longfield is a village and civil parish in the Dartford Borough of Kent. It is located 6 miles south east of Dartford and 6 miles south west of Gravesend.
Hartley is a village and civil parish in the Sevenoaks district of Kent, England. It is located around 4.5 miles (7 km) southwest of Gravesend and just south of Longfield in the neighbouring borough of Dartford. It is part of the parliamentary constituency of Dartford.
Lullingstone is a village in the county of Kent, England. It is best known for its castle, Roman villa and its public golf course.
Longfield railway station is on the Chatham Main Line in England, serving the villages of Longfield, Hartley, and New Ash Green. It is 23 miles 30 chains (37.6 km) down the line from London Victoria and is situated between Farningham Road and Meopham.
Sevenoaks is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 1997 by Sir Michael Fallon, a Conservative, who served as Secretary of State for Defence until 1 November 2017. It is considered a safe Conservative seat.
Dartford is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2010 by Gareth Johnson of the Conservative Party. The constituency is currently the longest-valid 'bellwether' constituency in the country as the party of the winning candidate has gone on to form the government in every General Election since 1964. Candidates for the largest two parties nationally have polled first and second since 1923 in Dartford.
Fawkham is a village and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census is 578. The main settlement in the parish is Fawkham Green, which is 2 miles (3 km) south of Longfield and 1 mile from Brands Hatch motor racing circuit. The M20 motorway crosses the parish.
Dartford Rural District was a rural district with an area of 34,037 acres (138 km2) in the county of Kent, England. In 1971 it had a population of 64,561 and an electorate of 43,911. At dissolution it was the most populous rural district council in Kent, but had once been larger, having lost territory when Crayford Urban District was created in 1920, and Swanscombe Urban District in 1926.
New Barn is a compact residential area surrounded by open fields which lies four miles southwest of Gravesend in Kent, England. It is in the local government district of Dartford. The villages of New Barn and Longfield are within and give their names to the civil parish of Longfield and New Barn. New Barn is larger in population than Longfield, although has little in the way of services, being a recent development and purely residential in nature
Sutton-at-Hone is a village in the borough of Dartford in Kent, England. It is located on the River Darent, just over two miles south of Dartford, and adjoins the village of South Darenth in the Sevenoaks District. The population of the village is included in the civil parish of Sutton-at-Hone and Hawley.
Ash is a small village located in the Sevenoaks district in Kent. It shares the parish of Ash-cum-Ridley with the nearby village of Ridley. The London Golf Club is located in the village, which hosted the European Open on the PGA European Tour in 2008 and 2009.
Ridley is a place and former civil parish in the county of Kent, England. It lies between Sevenoaks and Chatham, and is within the Sevenoaks local government district. It is part of the Ash-cum-Ridley civil parish.
The Latheof Sutton-at-Hone historically included a large part of Kent, including the present-day boroughs of Dartford, Bexley, Greenwich, Bromley, Lewisham and Sevenoaks District.
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