| Azoarcus olearius | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Betaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Rhodocyclales |
| Family: | Rhodocyclaceae |
| Genus: | Azoarcus |
| Species: | A. olearius |
| Binomial name | |
| Azoarcus olearius Chen et al., 2013 | |
Azoarcus olearius is a species of bacteria. It is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria. [1] Its cells are Gram-negative, motile and rod-shaped, surrounded by a thin capsule. Its type strain is DQS-4T (=BCRC 80407T =KCTC 23918T =LMG 26893T).
Nitrogen fixation is a chemical process by which molecular nitrogen (N
2), which has a strong triple covalent bond, is converted into ammonia (NH
3) or related nitrogenous compounds, typically in soil or aquatic systems but also in industry. The nitrogen in air is molecular dinitrogen, a relatively nonreactive molecule that is metabolically useless to all but a few microorganisms. Biological nitrogen fixation or diazotrophy is an important microbe-mediated process that converts dinitrogen (N2) gas to ammonia (NH3) using the nitrogenase protein complex (Nif).
The green sulfur bacteria, Chlorobiota, are a phylum of obligately anaerobic photoautotrophic bacteria that metabolize sulfur.
Diazotrophs are bacteria and archaea that fix gaseous nitrogen in the atmosphere into a more usable form such as ammonia.
Ensifer meliloti are an aerobic, Gram-negative, and diazotrophic species of bacteria. S. meliloti are motile and possess a cluster of peritrichous flagella. S. meliloti fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia for their legume symbionts, such as alfalfa. S. meliloti forms a symbiotic relationship with legumes from the genera Medicago, Melilotus and Trigonella, including the model legume Medicago truncatula. This symbiosis promotes the development of a plant organ, termed a root nodule. Because soil often contains a limited amount of nitrogen for plant use, the symbiotic relationship between S. meliloti and their legume hosts has agricultural applications. These techniques reduce the need for inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers.
Azotobacter is a genus of usually motile, oval or spherical bacteria that form thick-walled cysts and may produce large quantities of capsular slime. They are aerobic, free-living soil microbes that play an important role in the nitrogen cycle in nature, binding atmospheric nitrogen, which is inaccessible to plants, and releasing it in the form of ammonium ions into the soil. In addition to being a model organism for studying diazotrophs, it is used by humans for the production of biofertilizers, food additives, and some biopolymers. The first representative of the genus, Azotobacter chroococcum, was discovered and described in 1901 by Dutch microbiologist and botanist Martinus Beijerinck. Azotobacter species are Gram-negative bacteria found in neutral and alkaline soils, in water, and in association with some plants.
Pseudomonas stutzeri is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that is motile, has a single polar flagellum, and is classified as bacillus, or rod-shaped. While this bacterium was first isolated from human spinal fluid, it has since been found in many different environments due to its various characteristics and metabolic capabilities. P. stutzeri is an opportunistic pathogen in clinical settings, although infections are rare. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, this bacterium has been placed in the P. stutzeri group, to which it lends its name.
Bradyrhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria, many of which fix nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation is an important part of the nitrogen cycle. Plants cannot use atmospheric nitrogen (N2); they must use nitrogen compounds such as nitrates.
"Aromatoleum" is a genus of bacteria capable of microbial biodegradation of organic pollutants. It has one single described species member, A. aromaticum, for which the only strain is strain EbN1.
Bradyrhizobium arachidis is a species of legume-root nodulating, microsymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium. It was first isolated from Arachis hypogaea root nodules in China. Its type strain is CCBAU 051107T.
Azoarcus indigens is a species of bacteria. It is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with roots of Leptochloa fusca . Its cells are yellow-pigmented, straight to curved, gram-negative rods. Its type strain is VB32.
Azoarcus communis is a species of bacteria. It is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Its cells are yellow-pigmented, straight to curved, gram-negative rods. Its type strain is LMG 5514.
Azoarcus is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Species in this genus are usually found in contaminated water, as they are involved in the degradation of some contaminants, commonly inhabiting soil. These bacteria have also been found growing in the endophytic compartment of some rice species and other grasses. The genus is within the family Zoogloeaceae in the Rhodocyclales of the Betaproteobacteria.
Azoarcus tolulyticus is a species of bacteria. It is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria. It is notable for degrading toluene. Tol-4 is its type strain.
Azovibrio restrictus is a species of bacteria. It is a root bacteria and is the only known species of its genus.
Azospira oryzae is a species of bacteria. It is a root bacteria, one of two species in the genus Azospira along with A. restricta.
Azonexus fungiphilus is a species of bacteria. It is a root bacteria and together with Azonexus caeni is one of the two species in the genus.
Azospirillum doebereinerae is a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with the roots of Miscanthus species. Its type strain is GSF71T.
Xanthobacter flavus is a Gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing and facultatively autotrophic bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from turf podsol soil in Russia. Xanthobacter flavus has the ability to degrade phenol, oxalate and 1,4-dichlorobenzene.
Azospirillum is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, non-fermentative and nitrogen-fixing bacterial genus from the family of Rhodospirillaceae. Azospirillum bacteria can promote plant growth.
Phytobacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria emerging from the grouping of isolates previously assigned to various genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae. This genus was first established on the basis of nitrogen fixing isolates from wild rice in China, but also includes a number of isolates obtained during a 2013 multi-state sepsis outbreak in Brazil and, retrospectively, several clinical strains isolated in the 1970s in the United States that are still available in culture collections, which originally were grouped into Brenner's Biotype XII of the Erwinia herbicola-Enterobacter agglomerans-Complex (EEC). Standard biochemical evaluation panels are lacking Phytobacter spp. from their database, thus often leading to misidentifications with other Enterobacterales species, especially Pantoea agglomerans. Clinical isolates of the species have been identified as an important source of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenem-resistance genes, which are usually mediated by genetic mobile elements. Strong protection of co-infecting sensitive bacteria has also been reported. Bacteria belonging to this genus are not pigmented, chemoorganotrophic and able to fix nitrogen. They are lactose fermenting, cytochrome-oxidase negative and catalase positive. Glucose is fermented with the production of gas. Colonies growing on MacConkey agar (MAC) are circular, convex and smooth with non-entire margins and a usually elevated center. Three species are currently validly included in the genus Phytobacter, which is still included within the Kosakonia clade in the lately reviewed family of Enterobacteriaceae. The incorporation of a fourth species, Phytobacter massiliensis, has recently been proposed via the unification of the genera Metakosakonia and Phytobacter.
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