History
On 5 April 2000, prior to the 2000 general election, four Southern Ethiopia Peoples' Democratic Coalition (SEPDC) members were injured during clashes between the army and the SEPDC in Badawacho; that same month the army killed another four SEPDC members in the woreda while they were searching for a particular party activist. [2] In the 2005 Ethiopian elections, one of the two electoral districts in this woreda elected Beyene Petros (leader of the United Ethiopian Democratic Forces) as their representative in the House of People's Representatives. [3]
West Badawacho suffered from a "green famine" in 2008, after the small rains in March–May failed to arrive and the rainy season arrived too late for local farmers. Combined with poor harvests in 2007, which has led to loss of livestock, these factors led to a situation where officials report 4.6 million people in drought-affected parts, not only in Badawacho but across Ethiopia, required £162.5 million of assistance, although unofficial estimates from donor agencies put the figure in the range of 8-10 million people. This crisis is called a "green famine" because not only is the countryside lush and apparently fertile despite widespread hunger, but the shortage and high price of food stuffs that could be imported have made the situation worse. [4] Skip to main page content U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government Here's how you know NIH NLM LogoLog in
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page navigation Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement Figures Similar articles Cited by References Related information LinkOut - more resources Int J Pediatr . 2020 Feb 18:2020:9136256. doi: 10.1155/2020/9136256. eCollection 2020. Management Outcome of Burn Injury and Associated Factors among Hospitalized Children at Ayder Referral Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia Sielu Alemayehu 1, Bhafta Afera 1, Kalayou Kidanu 1, Tilahun Belete 1 Affiliations expand PMID: 32148527 PMCID: PMC7049818 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9136256 Abstract Background: Burn injuries are a global public health problem, accounting for an estimated 265,000 deaths. Globally, over half of the disability-adjusted life years lost from fire-related burns which occurred between the ages of 0 and 14 years. The rate of child deaths from burns is currently over 7 times higher in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. In Ethiopia, burn was the second leading cause of death among children from the unintentional injuries. So far, no research had been conducted in terms of assessing the outcome of burn injury in children in Ethiopia and particularly in Tigray region. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of burn injury and associated factors among hospitalized children of under 18 years at Ayder Referral Hospital in Mekelle, Ethiopia.
Method: A retrospective document review was used to assess the outcome of burn injury and associated factors in Ayder Referral Hospital. A total of 382 hospitalized children's chart from 2011 to 2015 were reviewed using a structured check list. To select the patients' chart, a simple random sampling technique was used and a sampling frame was prepared based on a registration book. Data was entered, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Result: Almost 70% of the burns were caused by scald, and 45.3% of the burns were confined to the upper extremities. Eighty-two percent of the patients were discharged without complication. Lack of fluid resuscitation within 24 hours (AOR = 2.767; 95% CI (1.276-5.999)) and a burn patient with malnutrition (AOR = 0.252; 95% CI (0.069-0.923)) were statically significant with the outcome of burn injury.
Conclusion: Majority of the pediatric burn patients were discharged without complication. The most causative agent of these accidents was scald; upper extremities also were the most affected area. The factors associated with the outcome of burn injury according to this study were lack of fluid resuscitation and malnourishment of burn patients.
Copyright © 2020 Sielu Alemayehu et al.
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Conflict of interest statement We the authors declare that we have no competing interests.
Figures Figure 1 Figure 1 Total body surface area of…
Figure 2 Figure 2 Length of stay of burn…
Figure 3 Figure 3 Anatomical location of pediatric burn… Similar articles Outcome of burn injury and associated factor among patient visited at Addis Ababa burn, emergency and trauma hospital: a two years hospital-based cross-sectional study. Mulatu D, Zewdie A, Zemede B, Terefe B, Liyew B. BMC Emerg Med. 2022 Dec 9;22(1):199. doi: 10.1186/s12873-022-00758-7. PMID: 36494642 Free PMC article. Magnitude of mortality and its associated factors among Burn victim children admitted to South Gondar zone government hospitals, Ethiopia, from 2015 to 2019. Tiruneh CM, Belachew A, Mulatu S, Emiru TD, Tibebu NS, Abate MW, Nigat AB, Belete A, Walle BG. Ital J Pediatr. 2022 Jan 21;48(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s13052-022-01204-x. PMID: 35063000 Free PMC article. Clinical Pattern and Outcome of Burn Injury in Children in AaBet Trauma Center Addis Ababa Ethiopia: Prospective Study. Mamo ST, Addisie AA, Heye TB, Tegegne OA. SAGE Open Nurs. 2023 Jul 5;9:23779608231186864. doi: 10.1177/23779608231186864. eCollection 2023 Jan-Dec. PMID: 37435578 Free PMC article. [Fluid resuscitation strategy and efficacy evaluation in shock stage in severely burned children with different burn areas in different age groups]. Yang M, Dai XH, Guo GH, Min DH, Liao XC, Zhang HY, Fu ZH, Liu MZ. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi. 2021 Oct 20;37(10):929-936. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210408-00119. PMID: 34689462 Chinese. Initial Pediatric Burn Management: A Practical Guide. Palmieri TL. Semin Plast Surg. 2024 Apr 4;38(2):88-92. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1782645. eCollection 2024 May. PMID: 38746702 Review. See all similar articles Cited by Evaluation of Functional Outcomes After Reconstruction of Post-burn Contracture of the Hand in the Pediatric Age Group: A Prospective Study. Rajasekar S, Gomathinayagam K, Madan Mohan SN. Cureus. 2024 Mar 28;16(3):e57102. doi: 10.7759/cureus.57102. eCollection 2024 Mar. PMID: 38681339 Free PMC article. Pattern, Cause of Childhood Burn injuries and their Management Outcome At Jimma Medical Center, Jimma Zone, Oromia Region, Southwest Ethiopia. Deribe Z, Desta D. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2023 Jun 14;16:1505-1514. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S411693. eCollection 2023. PMID: 37337570 Free PMC article. Children's post-burn scars in Mongolia. Enkhtuvshin S, Odkhuu E, Batchuluun K, Chimeddorj B, Yadamsuren E, Lkhagvasuren N. Int Wound J. 2023 Aug;20(6):2082-2086. doi: 10.1111/iwj.14077. Epub 2023 Feb 9. PMID: 36756785 Free PMC article. Outcome of burn injury and associated factor among patient visited at Addis Ababa burn, emergency and trauma hospital: a two years hospital-based cross-sectional study. Mulatu D, Zewdie A, Zemede B, Terefe B, Liyew B. BMC Emerg Med. 2022 Dec 9;22(1):199. doi: 10.1186/s12873-022-00758-7. PMID: 36494642 Free PMC article. Mechanisms, Pattern and Outcome of Pediatrics Trauma At Agaro General Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia, 2021. Dagnaw Y, Fenta B, Yetwale A, Biyazin T, Sayih A, Dessalegn N, Adugnaw E, Ali F, Tesfa Y. Health Serv Res Manag Epidemiol. 2022 May 20;9:23333928221101975. doi: 10.1177/23333928221101975. eCollection 2022 Jan-Dec. PMID: 35633833 Free PMC article. See all "Cited by" articles References Akerlund E., Huss F. R. M., Sjoberg F. Burns in Sweden: an analysis of 24 538 cases during the period 1987-2004. Burns. 2007;33(1):31–36. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2006.10.002. - DOI - PubMed Forjuoh S. N. Burns in low- and middle-income countries: a review of available literature on descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and prevention. Burns. 2006;32(5):529–537. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2006.04.002. - DOI - PubMed Albertyn R., Bickler S. W., Rode H. Paediatric burn injuries in sub Saharan Africa – an overview. Burns. 2006;32(5):605–612. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2005.12.004. - DOI - PubMed Chen G., Smith G. A., Ranbom L., Sinclair S. A., Xiang H. Incidence and pattern of burn injuries among children with disabilities. The Journal of Trauma. 2007;62(3):682–686. doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000203760.47151.28. - DOI - PubMed Balseven-Odabaşi A., Tümer A. R., Keten A., Yorganci K. Burn injuries among children aged up to seven years. The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics. 2009;51(4):328–335. - PubMed Show all 26 references Related information PMC images LinkOut - more resources Full Text Sources Europe PubMed Central Hindawi Limited PubMed Central NCBI Literature Resources MeSH PMC Bookshelf Disclaimer The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. FOLLOW NCBI Connect with NLM
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Demographics
Based on figures published by the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 251,197, of whom 126,706 were males and 124,491 were females; 14,911 or 5.94% of its population are urban dwellers, which is less than the Zone average of 8.1%. With an estimated area of 516.57 square kilometers, Badawacho has an estimated population density of 486.3 people per square kilometer, which is greater than the Zone average of 378.7. [5]
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 175,966 of whom 87,234 were males and 88,732 were females; 8,230 or 4.68% of its population were urban dwellers. The five largest ethnic groups reported in Badawacho were the Hadiya (82.15%), the Kambaata (5.45%), the Alaba (4.71%), the Welayta (3.77%), and the Oromo (2.05%); all other ethnic groups made up 1.87% of the population. Hadiya was spoken as a first language by 78.79%, 9.33% Kambaata, 4.92% spoke Alaba, 4.45% Welayta, and 1.79% spoke Amharic; the remaining 0.72% spoke all other primary languages reported. 48.25% of the population said they were Protestants, 21.48% embraced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, 18.99% were Muslim, 7.72% were Catholic, and 1.22% practiced traditional religions. [6]
In medicine, triage is a process by which care providers such as medical professionals and those with first aid knowledge determine the order of priority for providing treatment to injured individuals and/or inform the rationing of limited supplies so that they go to those who can most benefit from it. Triage is usually relied upon when there are more injured individuals than available care providers, or when there are more injured individuals than supplies to treat them.
A burn is an injury to skin, or other tissues, caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction, or ultraviolet radiation. Most burns are due to heat from hot liquids, solids, or fire. Burns occur mainly in the home or the workplace. In the home, risks are associated with domestic kitchens, including stoves, flames, and hot liquids. In the workplace, risks are associated with fire and chemical and electric burns. Alcoholism and smoking are other risk factors. Burns can also occur as a result of self-harm or violence between people (assault).
Major trauma is any injury that has the potential to cause prolonged disability or death. There are many causes of major trauma, blunt and penetrating, including falls, motor vehicle collisions, stabbing wounds, and gunshot wounds. Depending on the severity of injury, quickness of management, and transportation to an appropriate medical facility may be necessary to prevent loss of life or limb. The initial assessment is critical, and involves a physical evaluation and also may include the use of imaging tools to determine the types of injuries accurately and to formulate a course of treatment.
Advanced trauma life support (ATLS) is a training program for medical providers in the management of acute trauma cases, developed by the American College of Surgeons. Similar programs exist for immediate care providers such as paramedics. The program has been adopted worldwide in over 60 countries, sometimes under the name of Early Management of Severe Trauma, especially outside North America. Its goal is to teach a simplified and standardized approach to trauma patients. Originally designed for emergency situations where only one doctor and one nurse are present, ATLS is now widely accepted as the standard of care for initial assessment and treatment in trauma centers. The premise of the ATLS program is to treat the greatest threat to life first. It also advocates that the lack of a definitive diagnosis and a detailed history should not slow the application of indicated treatment for life-threatening injury, with the most time-critical interventions performed early.
Yem Zone is one of the zones in the Central Ethiopia Regional State. Yem is named for the Yem, people whose homeland lies in this zone,. Yem is bordered on the west and north by the Oromia Region, and separated from Gurage on the northeast and Hadiya on the east by the Omo River. High points in Yem include Mount Bor Ama, Mount Azulu and Mount Toba. The administrative center of Yem is Saja.
Hadiya is a zone in the Central Ethiopia Regional State of Ethiopia. This zone is named after the Hadiya of the Hadiya Kingdom, whose homeland covers part of the administrative division. Hadiya is bordered on the south by Kembata, on the southwest by the Dawro Zone, on the west by the Omo River which separates it from Oromia Region and the Yem Special Woreda, on the north by Gurage, on the northeast by Silte, and on the east by the Alaba Zone; the woredas of Mirab Badawacho and Misraq Badawacho form an exclave separated from the rest of the zone by Kembata. The administrative center of Hadiya is Hosaena.
Kembata is a zone in the Central Ethiopia Regional State of Ethiopia. It was formerly known as Kembata, Alaba and Tembaro, until Alaba and Tembaro became a special woreda in 2002 and 2023 respectively. This zone is named after the Kambaata people which gained zonal posture following the establishment of Central Ethiopian region in 2023.
Splenic infarction is a condition in which blood flow supply to the spleen is compromised, leading to partial or complete infarction in the organ. Splenic infarction occurs when the splenic artery or one of its branches are occluded, for example by a blood clot.
Soro is one of the woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Hadiya Zone, Soro consists large population of Hadiya and Danta dubamo people, bordered on the south by the Kembata Tembaro Zone, on the southwest by the Dawro Zone, on the west by the Omo River which separates it from the Oromia Region, on the north by Gomibora, on the northeast by Limo, and on the southeast by Duna. The administrative center of this woreda is Gimbichu; other towns in Soro include Jajura. Parts of Soro were separated to create Duna and Gomibora woredas.
Kedida Gamela is a woreda in the Central Ethiopia Regional State of Ethiopia. Part of the Kembata Zone. Kedida Gamela is bordered on the east and south by an Misraq Badawacho woreda of the Hadiya Zone, on the west by Kacha Bira, on the northwest by Angacha, on the north by Damboya, and on the northeast by the Bilate River which separates it from Halaba Zone. The northern part of Kedida Gamela was separated to create Damboya woreda. The administrative center of the district is Durame.
Halaba is a zone in the Central Ethiopia Regional State. It is named after the Halaba people, and covers part of their homeland. Located in the Great Rift Valley, Halaba zone is bordered on the south by an exclave of Hadiya Zone, on the southwest by the Kembata Tembaro Zone, on the west and north by Hadiya Zone, on the north east by Lake Shala, and on the east by Oromia Region; the Bilate River, which is its major body of water, defines its western boundary. The administrative center is halaba Kulito.
Seraro is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the West Arsi Zone located in the Great Rift Valley, Seraro is bordered on the south and west by the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region, on the north by Shala, and on the east by Naannawa Shashamane; its western boundary is defined by the course of the Bilate River. The administrative center of this woreda is Loke.
Sokoru is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. This woreda is named after the former awraja of the same name, and covering much of the same territory as the current woreda, as well as its administrative center, Sokoru. Part of the Jimma Zone, Sokoru is bordered on the south by Omo Nada, on the west by Tiro Afeta, and on the north and east by the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region; the Gibe River defines the northern boundary. Other towns in this woreda include Deneba, Kumbi and Natri.
Gedeb Hassasa is one of the Aanaas in the Oromia of Ethiopia. Part of the West Arsi Zone, Gedeb Hassasa is bordered on the south by the Dodola, on the west by Kofele, on the north west by Kore, and on the north and east by Bekoji. The administrative center of the woreda is Hassasa.
Adaba is one of the Aanaas in the Oromia of Ethiopia; it shares the name of its administrative center, Adaba. Part of the West Arsi Zone, Adaba is bordered on the southwest by Nensebo, on the west by Dodola, on the northwest by the Shabelle River which separates it from the Gedeb Asasa, and on the east and south by Bale Zone.
Trauma in children, also known as pediatric trauma, refers to a traumatic injury that happens to an infant, child or adolescent. Because of anatomical and physiological differences between children and adults the care and management of this population differs.
Dawro is a zone in the Southwest Region of Ethiopia. The name "Dawuro" represents both the land and the people. It is located at about 500km southwest of Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, about 111 km west of Wolaita Sodo, the capital of South Ethiopia Regional State and 319 km of Hawassa the capital of the Sidama Region. Dawuro is bordered on the south by Gofa Zone, on the west by the Konta Zone, on the north by the Gojeb River which defines its boundary with the Oromia Region, Jimma zone, on the northeast by Hadiya and Tembaro Special Woreda in Central Ethiopia Regional State, and on the east by Wolayita Zone; the Omo River defines its eastern and southern boundaries.
The Baux score is a system used to predict the chance of mortality due to burns. The score is an index which takes into account the correlative and causal relationship between mortality and factors including advancing age, burn size, the presence of inhalational injury. Studies have shown that the Baux score is highly correlative with length of stay in hospital due to burns and final outcome.
Renal angina is a clinical methodology to risk stratify patients for the development of persistent and severe acute kidney injury (AKI). The composite of risk factors and early signs of injury for AKI, renal angina is used as a clinical adjunct to help optimize the use of novel AKI biomarker testing. The term angina from Latin and from the Greek ankhone ("strangling") are utilized in the context of AKI to denote the development of injury and the choking off of kidney function. Unlike angina pectoris, commonly caused due to ischemia of the heart muscle secondary to coronary artery occlusion or vasospasm, renal angina carries no obvious physical symptomatology. Renal angina was derived as a conceptual framework to identify evolving AKI. Like acute coronary syndrome which precedes or is a sign of a heart attack, renal angina is used as a herald sign for a kidney attack. Detection of renal angina is performed by calculating the renal angina index.
Arba Minch General Hospital is a public hospital located in Arba Minch town, Ethiopia. It is one of the general hospitals in SNNPR region of Gamo Zone. It has a bed capacity for 200 patients.