The Bank of Montenegro or Montenegrin Bank (Serbo-Croatian : Crnogorska banka) was a bank in Cetinje, the capital of the Principality then Kingdom of Montenegro. In existence from 1906 to 1918, it was intended as a bank of issue, but that ambition was never put in practice as the Montenegrin government remained directly in charge of the country's fledgling monetary policy. [1] : 8
The Bank of Montenegro was established by princely decree of Nikola Petrović-Njegoš on 11 April 1906, at a time when the main currency in circulation in Montenegro was the Austrian krone, complemented by other European currencies. [1] : 8 The bank was not an independent central bank with authority over monetary policy, however, and the government retained the capacity to mint coins, which it contracted out to the Austro-Hungarian Mint in Vienna. [1] : 9 In 1909, the country's money was officially named the Montenegrin perper. [2] By then, as the relations between Montenegro and Austria-Hungary had deteriorated, the minting of new coins was entrusted to the Privileged National Bank of the Kingdom of Serbia, which in turn contracted it out to a bank in Paris. Due to poor quality, however, the Montenegrin government reverted to minting in Vienna for its next issuance in 1910. [1] : 10 The government also directly issued paper money during the Balkan Wars and World War I, between 1912 and 1916 when Montenegro was occupied by Austria-Hungary. [1] : 12
In 1918, the National Bank of Serbia took over monetary policy for the newly established Yugoslavia, which absorbed Montenegro, and was soon renamed the National Bank of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The Bank of Montenegro ceased its activity at that time. [3]
The Bank of Montenegro operated from a house erected by architect Miloš Lepetić in the late 19th century, in a leafy area of Cetinje. [4] The building was expanded and made more representative of the bank's prominence in 1910, the same year as the establishment of the monarchy. The building was repurposed in 2012 as the Money Museum of the Central Bank of Montenegro. [5]
The kuna was the currency of Croatia from 1994 until 2023, when it was replaced by the euro. The kuna was subdivided into 100 lipa. It was issued by the Croatian National Bank and the coins were minted by the Croatian Mint.
Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš was the last monarch of Montenegro from 1860 to 1918, reigning as prince from 1860 to 1910 and as the country's first and only king from 1910 to 1918. His grandsons were kings Alexander I of Yugoslavia and Umberto II of Italy among others.
The krone was the official currency of Austria-Hungary from 1892 until the dissolution of the empire in 1918. The subunit was one hundredth of the main unit, and was called a Heller in the Austrian and a fillér in the Hungarian part of the Empire.
Onamo 'namo! is a patriotic song written by Prince Nicholas of Montenegro and first published in the Novi Sad-based Serbian-language literary journal Danica in 1867. Its melody can be attributed either to the Slovene composer Davorin Jenko or the Czech chaplain František Wimmer, the conductor of the Royal Montenegrin Army's military band.
The dinar was the currency of Yugoslavia. It was introduced in 1920 in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, which was replaced by the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and then the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The dinar was subdivided into 100 para.
The Kingdom of Montenegro was a monarchy in southeastern Europe, present-day Montenegro, during the tumultuous period of time on the Balkan Peninsula leading up to and during World War I. Officially it was a constitutional monarchy, but absolutist in practice. On 28 November 1918, following the end of World War I, with the Montenegrin government still in exile, the Podgorica Assembly proclaimed unification with the Kingdom of Serbia, which itself was merged into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes three days later, on 1 December 1918. This unification with Serbia lasted, through various successor states, for almost 88 years, ending in 2006.
The House of Petrović-Njegoš is the Serbian noble family that ruled Montenegro from 1697 to 1918.
The perper was the currency of Montenegro between 1906 and 1918. Named after the Byzantine hyperpyron, it was divided into 100 para.
The Great People's Assembly of the Serb People in Montenegro, commonly known as the Podgorica Assembly, was an ad hoc popular assembly convened in November 1918, after the end of World War I in the Kingdom of Montenegro. The committee convened the assembly with the aim of facilitating an unconditional union of Montenegro and Serbia and removing Nikola I of Montenegro from the throne. The assembly was organised by a committee supported by and coordinating with the government of the Kingdom of Serbia. The unification was successful and preceded the establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes as a unified state of South Slavs by mere days. The unification was justified by the need to establish a single Serbian state for all Serbs, including Montenegro whose population as well as Nikola I felt that Montenegro belonged to the Serbian nation and largely supported the unification.
Yugoslav krone or simply krone was a short-lived, provisional currency originally used in parts of the then newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, specifically in territories which had previously been part of Austria-Hungary. At first, in 1919, it had the form of rubber stamped and tagged Austro-Hungarian krone notes. In 1920, the currency had the form of provisional, dual KSCS dinar-krone banknotes, with the krone amount overprinted, circulated in the entire country. The dual notes were introduced for the purpose of exchange of krone, as well as Serbian dinar, for the new KSCS dinar. The provisional notes were withdrawn from circulation and replaced by notes denominated in dinars only by 1 January 1923. According to the official exchange rate, the Yugoslav krone value varied from 1⁄2 of a Serbian dinar at its introduction to 1⁄4 of a Serbian dinar or KSCS dinar at its withdrawal from circulation. The name translates into English as crown.
The Central Bank of Montenegro is the central bank of Montenegro. Montenegro does not issue its own currency, and unilaterally adopted the euro in 2002. The stated mission of the central bank is to establish and maintain a sound banking system and monetary policy.
Montenegro is a country in Southeast Europe, which is neither a member of the European Union (EU) nor the Eurozone; it does not have a formal monetary agreement with the EU either. However, it is one of the two territories that has unilaterally adopted the euro in 2002 as its de facto domestic currency. This means that even though the euro is not a legal tender there, it is treated as such by the government and the population.
Prince Mirko Dimitri Petrović-Njegoš of Montenegro was born in Cetinje, the second son of King Nicholas I of Montenegro and Milena Vukotić. Prince Mirko predeceased his father and his elder brother Crown Prince Danilo.
Yugoslavia was a state concept among the South Slavic intelligentsia and later popular masses from the 19th to early 20th centuries that culminated in its realization after the 1918 collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I and the formation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. However, the kingdom was better known colloquially as Yugoslavia ; in 1929 it was formally renamed the "Kingdom of Yugoslavia".
Milena Petrović-Njegoš was the only queen consort of Montenegro by marriage to Nicholas I of Montenegro.
Andrija Radović was a Montenegrin and Yugoslav politician and statesmen, former Prime Minister and leader of the People's and then Democratic Party, fighter for parliamentary democracy and chief proponent of Montenegro's unification with Serbia.
Jovan Simonov Plamenac was a Montenegrin and Yugoslav politician.
The National Bank of Yugoslavia was the central bank of Yugoslavia, succeeding the National Bank of the Kingdom of Serbia in Belgrade in 1920. It was formally known as the National Bank of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes until 3 October 1929, and as the National Bank of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from then until the invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941.
This is a description of the current and historical currencies of Croatia, or historically used in the region. The currency of Croatia is the euro, in use since 2023.
The Austro-Hungarian Bank was the central bank of the Habsburg Monarchy in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
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