This is a list of central banks.
This is a list of central banks. Countries that are only partially recognized internationally are marked with an asterisk (*).
Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves, International Monetary Fund [1]
| Country Name | Central Bank Name | Currency | Currency Share Percentage of Global Allocated Reserves in Q4 2022 (%) | Central Bank Governor | Native Name of Central Bank | Establishment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 United States | Federal Reserve | United States dollar | 58.36 | Jerome Powell | 1913 | |
 European Union | European Central Bank | Euro | 20.47 | Christine Lagarde | 1998 | |
 Japan | Bank of Japan | Japanese yen | 5.51 | Kazuo Ueda | 日本銀行 / Nippon Ginkō | 1882 |
 United Kingdom | Bank of England | Pound sterling | 4.95 | Andrew Bailey | 1694 | |
 China | People's Bank of China | Renminbi | 2.69 | Pan Gongsheng | 中国人民銀行 / Zhōngguó Rénmín Yínháng | 1948 |
 Canada | Bank of Canada | Canadian dollar | 2.38 | Tiff Macklem | Banque du Canada | 1935 |
 Australia | Reserve Bank of Australia | Australian dollar | 1.96 | Michele Bullock | 1960 | |
 Switzerland | Swiss National Bank | Swiss franc | 0.23 | Thomas Jordan | Schweizerische Nationalbank / Banque Nationale Suisse / Banca Nazionale Svizzera / Banca Naziunala Svizra | 1906 |
City of Amsterdam – Bank of Amsterdam (1609–1791) [2] 
City of Barcelona – Taula de canvi de Barcelona (1401–1714) [2] 
British East Africa – East African Currency Board (1919–1966)
Independent State of Croatia – Croatian State Bank (Hrvatska Državna Banka, 1941–1945)
Czechoslovakia – National Bank of Czechoslovakia (1926–1939 and 1945–1950) and State Bank of Czechoslovakia (1950–1992)
Free City of Frankfurt – Frankfurter Bank (1854–1875)
Republic of Genoa – Bank of Saint George (1407–1805) [2] 
German Democratic Republic – Deutsche Notenbank (1948–1968) and Staatsbank der DDR (1968–1990)
Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg – Hamburger Bank (1619–1875) [2] Korea under Japanese and American rule - Bank of Korea (1909–1950)
Manchukuo – Central Bank of Manchou (1932–1945)
General Government - Bank of Issue in Poland (1940–1945)
Kingdom of Prussia – Prussian Royal Bank (1765–1846) and Bank of Prussia (1847–1875)
Kingdom of Sardinia – Banca Nazionale negli Stati Sardi (1849–1861), itself formed through the merger of Banca di Genova (1846–1849) and Banca di Torino (1847–1849)
South Vietnam – National Bank of Vietnam (1954–1975)
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies – Banco di Napoli, under different names from 1463 to final end of central banking role in 1926 [2] 
Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Banca di Firenze (1816–1893), renamed National Tuscan Bank from 1857
Soviet Union – People's Bank (1917–1922) and Gosbank (1922–1991)
Republic of Venice – Banco del Giro (1524–1806) [2] 
Yugoslavia – National Bank of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1920–1929), National Bank of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1941), and National Bank of Yugoslavia (1946-2003)
The Bank of Italy is the Italian member of the Eurosystem and has been the monetary authority for Italy from 1893 to 1998, issuing the Italian lira. Since 2014, it has also been Italy's national competent authority within European Banking Supervision. It is located in Palazzo Koch, via Nazionale, Rome.
A central bank, reserve bank, national bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages the currency and monetary policy of a country or monetary union. In contrast to a commercial bank, a central bank possesses a monopoly on increasing the monetary base. Many central banks also have supervisory or regulatory powers to ensure the stability of commercial banks in their jurisdiction, to prevent bank runs, and in some cases also to enforce policies on financial consumer protection and against bank fraud, money laundering, or terrorism financing. Central banks play a crucial role in macroeconomic forecasting, which is essential for guiding monetary policy decisions, especially during times of economic turbulence.
The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international financial institution which is owned by member central banks. Its primary goal is to foster international monetary and financial cooperation while serving as a bank for central banks. With its establishment in 1930 it is the oldest international financial institution. Its initial purpose was to oversee the settlement of World War I war reparations.
The Central Bank of Cuba is the central bank of Cuba. It was created in 1997 to take over many of the functions of the National Bank of Cuba, which was established on 23 December 1948 and began operations on 27 April 1950.
A savings bank is a financial institution that is not run on a profit-maximizing basis, and whose original or primary purpose is collecting deposits on savings accounts that are invested on a low-risk basis and receive interest. Savings banks have mostly existed as a separate category in Europe.
The Croatian National Bank, known until 1997 as the National Bank of Croatia, is the Croatian member of the Eurosystem and has been the monetary authority for Croatia from 1991 to 2022, issuing the Croatian dinar until 1994 and subsequently the Croatian kuna until Croatian adoption of the euro on 1 January 2023. It has also been Croatia's national competent authority within European Banking Supervision since 2020. It was initially established in 1972 under the decentralization of the National Bank of Yugoslavia, and became a fully-fledged central bank in late 1991 with the independence of Croatia.
The Hungarian National Bank is the central bank of Hungary and as such part of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). It was established in 1924 as a successor entity of the Austro-Hungarian Bank, under the economic assistance provided to Hungary by the Economic and Financial Organization of the League of Nations. The bank calls itself the Magyar Nemzeti Bank in its English communications and occasionally clarifies that name with the expression the central bank of Hungary. The bank doesn't call itself the Hungarian National Bank in English.
Banco di Sicilia was an Italian bank based in Palermo, Sicily. It was a subsidiary of UniCredit but absorbed into the parent company in 2010.
The Bank of Albania is the central bank of Albania, issuing the Albanian lek. It is headquartered in Tirana, with five branches in Shkodër, Elbasan, Gjirokastër, Korçë and Lushnjë, and a Research and Training Center in Berat.
The Central Bank of Somalia (CBS) is the monetary authority of Somalia. Somalia has struggled to reestablish a functioning state since the collapse of an authoritarian regime in 1991. Somalia has been cited as a real-world example of an anarchist stateless society and a country with no formal legal system. The Transitional Federal Government, formed in 2004, was recognized as the central government of Somalia. Among other duties, it is in charge of ensuring financial stability, maintaining the internal and external value of the local currency, and promoting credit and exchange conditions that facilitate the balanced growth of the national economy. Within the scope of its powers, it also contributes to the financial and economic policies of the State.
Montenegro is a country in Southeast Europe, which is neither a member of the European Union (EU) nor the Eurozone; it does not have a formal monetary agreement with the EU either. However, it is one of the two territories that has unilaterally adopted the euro in 2002 as its de facto domestic currency and legal tender.
Paul Vinelli was an Italian-American-Honduran economist and banker. He was sent to Honduras in 1949 by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to advise the government on banking and tax legislation. He was instrumental in the creation of the Central Bank of Honduras and the National Bank for Agricultural Development in 1950. He remained working as an economic advisor to the Honduran government for six years. In future years he continued to be one of the strongest guides of Honduran economic policy.
The National Bank of Yugoslavia was the central bank of Yugoslavia, succeeding the National Bank of the Kingdom of Serbia in Belgrade in 1920. It was formally known as the National Bank of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes until 3 October 1929, and as the National Bank of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from then until the invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941.
The Hamburger Bank was a public credit institution founded in 1619 by the Free City of Hamburg. It operated independently until 31 December 1875, when it became part of the newly created Reichsbank.
The Austro-Hungarian Bank was the central bank of the Habsburg Monarchy in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
The National Bank of Czechoslovakia was the central bank of Czechoslovakia between 1926 and 1939, succeeding the Austro-Hungarian Bank after a 6-year interval during which central banking functions were assumed directly by the country’s ministry of finance.
The Adriatic-Danubian Bank was a significant commercial bank in the interwar Kingdom of Yugoslavia. At the time of the merger that formed it in 1924, it was the third-largest commercial bank in the country. It was liquidated in 1945, together with the entire Yugoslav commercial banking sector.
The National Bank of the Kingdom of Italy, known from 1850 to around 1870 as the National Bank of the Sardinian States, was a bank of issue of the Kingdom of Sardinia then the Kingdom of Italy after unification in 1861. Despite its name, it had no monopoly on money issuance, in a financial system that proved prone to instability. It was successively headquartered in Genoa (1850-1853), Turin (1850-1865), Florence (1865-1873), and Rome (1873-1893). Following the controversial failure of Banca Romana, the National Bank was eventually merged with several peers in 1893 to form the Bank of Italy.
The Banca Romana was an Italian bank of issue founded in Rome in 1834. In 1850 it was reorganized as the Bank of the Papal States, which in 1870 itself changed its name to Banca Romana. In the late 1880s, its difficulties developed into the major Banca Romana scandal which shook Italy's political life and triggered the creation in 1893 of the Bank of Italy. The Bank of Italy managed the Banca Romana's subsequent liquidation.
