Banten invasions of Pajajaran

Banten invasions of Pajajaran
Part of Islamization of Indonesia
Depiction of Batu Tulis of Buitenzorg, 1770. [1]
Date 1527–1579 Location West Java Result Bantenese victory Spread of Islam in West Java Territorial changes Fall of the Sunda Kingdom; former territories of Sunda kingdom absorbed into Banten kingdom
Belligerents
Kingdom of Banten Supported by: Demak Sultanate Cirebon Sultanate	Sunda Kingdom
Commanders and leaders
Maulana Yusuf Maulana Hasanuddin	Dewata  [ id ]  † Nilakendra  [ id ] (MIA) Raga Mulya  [ id ]  † Tohaan Sarendet  † Tohaan Sangiang  †

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Banten invasions of Pajajaran, also known as the conquest of Pajajaran was a military campaign launched by Banten Sultanate to conquer Sunda Kingdom and spread Islam influences in West Java. The invasions resulted in Bantenese victory. Banten forces were capturing most of the Sundanese inscription, the famous one is Batutulis inscription. The invasions marked the beginning of the spread of Islam in West Java.

Background

In 1526, the Demak Sultanate and Sultanate of Cirebon launched military conquest on Banten Girang. The main objective of the conquest was to start the Islamization on Banten. With the weakened of the Sunda Kingdom influences in Banten and the low morale of Sunda forces, the Demak–Cirebon joint forces stormed the port of Banten. After capturing the port, the Demak-Cirebon forces start to invading Banten Girang and succeeded to killed the King of Sunda and establishing the new Sultanate called Banten Sultanate with the Maulana Hasanuddin, the son of Sunan Gunungjati, as their first Sultan. ^[2]

In 1527, the Banten Sultanate planned the invasions on Sunda Kingdom. The main objective of the invasion was to start Islamized the West Java and also ended the Hindu–Buddha rule on West Java. With an weakened and the internal conflict of Sunda Kingdom, the Banten Sultanate started their invasions. ^[3]

Invasions

The invasions divided by three wave. However on the first wave of this invasions, the Banten forces quickly attacked Bubat, the main port of Sunda Kingdom. After attacking the Bubat, the Banten forces able to marched through half of Pajajaran territories. However with the defense of Sundanese forces, the Banten forces retreated to Bubat. ^[4]

On the second phase of invasions, the Banten forces managed to crushed the Pajajaran defenses at Dayeuh Pakuan and crossed through Pajajaran. After they arrived to Pajajaran, they managed to burned the royal palace of Sunda Kingdom. Many of the royal family were killed or decided to retreated to another places. ^{[5] [6]}

After the destruction of royal palace of Sunda Kingdom, the Banten forces continued their invasions again. On the third phase of invasions, the Banten forces managed to plunder and sacked the Pakuan Pajajaran. After the sacking of Pajajaran, the Banten forcss quickly attacked Pulosari, Priangan, and Pandeglang. Absorbing the territories to themselve, after the invasions, the Sunda Kingdom was annexed by Banten Sultanate. ^[7]

Aftermath

After the invasions, the Sunda kingdom was completely destroyed and destructed by the Banten Sultanate. Sundanese old town or buildings were burned into the ground. In addition, Banten capture and steal many Sundanese inscriprions, such as Batutulis inscription. After the invasions, the Banten Sultanate start the Islamization on West Java. ^{[8] [9]}

References

1. Rijks Museum: Het Gezigt van Bato Tulis
2. Hendri, Isnaeni (2019-06-13). "Demak Mengislamkan Banten". Historia.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2025-02-09.
3. Verella, Devanka (2023-10-26). "Mengapa Kesultanan Banten Menyerang Pajajaran?" (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2025-02-09.
4. Afif, Khoirul (2023-11-22). "Dari Pakuan ke Banten, Sejarah Perang dan Penaklukan Kerajaan Pajajaran". intisari.grid.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2025-02-09.
5. Avirista, Midaada (2024-05-23). "Kuatnya Kerajaan Pajajaran Bikin Banten Menyerang 3 Kali Baru Berbuah Hasil Positif". nasional.okezone.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2025-02-09.
6. Ferry 2020, p. 235.
7. Midaanda (2024-06-12). "Tiga Gelombang Serangan Banten, Cirebon dan Demak ke Pakuan Tamatkan Kerajaan Pajajaran". sindo.news.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2025-02-09.
8. Hendri, Isnaeni (2019-06-02). "Taktik Banten Taklukan Pakuan Pajajaran". historia.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2025-02-09.
9. Ferry 2020, p. 265.

Citations

• Ferry, Taufiq (2020). Hitam Putih Pajajaran:Dari Kejayaan Hingga Keruntuhan Kerajaan Pajajaran. Araska Publisher. ISBN   9786237537328.