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Earl of Essex is a title in the Peerage of England which was first created in the 12th century by King Stephen of England. The title has been recreated eight times from its original inception, beginning with a new first Earl upon each new creation. Possibly the most well-known Earls of Essex were Thomas Cromwell, chief minister to King Henry VIII, and Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex (1565–1601), a favourite of Queen Elizabeth I who led the Earl of Essex Rebellion in 1601.
Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers was an English nobleman, best remembered as the father of Queen consort Elizabeth Woodville and the maternal grandfather of Edward V and the maternal great-grandfather of Henry VIII.
Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, Knight of the Garter, was an English nobleman, courtier, bibliophile and writer. He was the brother of Queen Elizabeth Woodville who married King Edward IV. He was one of the leading members of the Woodville family, which came to prominence during the reign of King Edward IV. After Edward's death he was arrested and then executed by the future Richard III as part of a power-struggle between Richard and the Woodvilles. He wrote one of the first books printed in England.
The title of Baron Grey of Codnor is a title in the peerage of England.
John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford, was the son of Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford, and his second wife, Alice Sergeaux (1386–1452). A Lancastrian loyalist during the latter part of his life, he was convicted of high treason and executed on Tower Hill on 26 February 1462.
Elizabeth de Vere, Countess of Oxford was an English noblewoman. As a young child she became a royal ward. She married John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford, and by him was mother of the 16th Earl and grandmother of Sir Francis and Sir Horace Vere, the 'fighting Veres'.
Anne Bourchier was the suo jure7th Baroness Bourchier, suo jureLady Lovayne, and Baroness Parr of Kendal. She was the first wife of William Parr, 1st Marquess of Northampton, Earl of Essex, and the sister-in-law of Catherine Parr, the sixth wife of Henry VIII of England.
Thomas Scales, 7th Baron Scales was an English nobleman and one of the main English military commanders in the last phase of the Hundred Years' War. The son of Robert de Scales, 5th Baron Scales, he succeeded his brother Robert de Scales, 6th Baron Scales as baron.
Elizabeth Tilney, Countess of Surrey was an English heiress and lady-in-waiting to two queens. She became the first wife of Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey.
Anne Woodville, Viscountess Bourchier was an English noblewoman. She was a younger sister of Queen Consort Elizabeth Woodville to whom she served as a lady-in-waiting. Anne was married twice; first to William Bourchier, Viscount Bourchier, and secondly to George Grey, 2nd Earl of Kent. Anne was the grandmother of the disinherited adulteress Anne Bourchier, 7th Baroness Bourchier, and an ancestress of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex.
Elizabeth Cheney was a member of the English gentry, who, by dint of her two marriages, was the great-grandmother of Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, and Catherine Howard, three of the wives of King Henry VIII of England, thus making her great-great-grandmother to King Edward VI, the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, and Elizabeth I, the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She was also the great-grandmother of Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley. Her first husband was Sir Frederick Tilney, and her second husband was Sir John Say, Speaker of the House of Commons. She produced a total of eight children from both marriages.
Lord Robert de Scales was a Knight Templar and loyal supporter of Edward I in his campaigns in Wales, Scotland, France and Flanders. In 1299 he, and his heirs, were bestowed with the title, Baron Scales and were henceforth known as 'Lord Scales'. Robert died in 1304.
Robert de Scales was appointed Knight of the Order of the Bath by Prince Edward whom he accompanied in the Scottish wars and was given an exemption for life from sitting on assizes, juries, etc. against his will. He was summoned to Parliament from 1306 until his death in 1324. He was summoned as a Peer to the Coronation of Edward II on 25 February 1308.
Sir Robert de Scales was engaged in several military expeditions. In 1337 he went on the Kings Service overseas with Robert d'Ufford, 1st Earl of Suffolk and Peter de Scales. He was summoned to Parliament from 1343 until his death in 1369.
Lord Roger de Scales (1354–1387) was one of the 'eminent persons' forced by the rebels to march with them upon the insurrection of Jack Straw in 1381. He was a commissioner of the peace for Cambridgeshire and Norfolk for many of the years between 1373 and 1386. He was summoned to Parliament from 1376 until his death in 1386. He attended the Coronation of Richard II in 1377.
Lord Robert de Scales (1372–1402) was involved in an expedition to Aquitaine. He was Commissioner of the Peace for Norfolk from 1399 to 1401, and was the steward of the son and heir of Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk due to his minority. He was one of the Peers who voted for Henry Bolingbroke to be crowned King of England. Due to poor health Robert died at the age of 30 on 7 December 1402.
Elizabeth Woodville, Countess Rivers and 8th Baroness Scales, born Elizabeth de Scales, was the sole heir of Thomas Scales, 7th Baron Scales.
Lord John Grey was an English nobleman and courtier of the Tudor period, who after 1559 was seated at Pirgo Place in Essex.
John Paston I was an English country gentleman and landowner. He was the eldest son of the judge William Paston, Justice of the Common Pleas. After he succeeded his father in 1444, his life was marked by conflict occasioned by a power struggle in East Anglia between the dukes of Suffolk and Norfolk, and by his involvement in the affairs of his wife's kinsman, Sir John Fastolf. A number of his letters survive among the Paston Letters, a rich source of historical information for the lives of the English gentry of the period.
Sir John Paston, was the eldest son of John Paston and Margaret Mautby. He succeeded his father in 1466, and spent a considerable part of his life attempting to make good his father's claim to the lands of Margaret Mautby's kinsman, Sir John Fastolf. A number of his letters survive among the Paston Letters, a rich source of historical information for the lives of the English gentry of the period. Although long betrothed to Anne Haute, a first cousin of Elizabeth Woodville, he never married, and was succeeded by his younger brother, also named John.