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Iraqi Kurdistan or Southern Kurdistan refers to the Kurdish-populated part of northern Iraq. It is considered one of the four parts of Greater Kurdistan in West Asia, which also includes parts of southeastern Turkey, northern Syria, and northwestern Iran. Much of the geographical and cultural region of Iraqi Kurdistan is part of the Kurdistan Region (KRI), a semi-autonomous region recognized by the Constitution of Iraq. As with the rest of Kurdistan, and unlike most of the rest of Iraq, the region is inland and mountainous.
The Peshmerga are the armed forces of Iraqi Kurdistan, an autonomous region in northern Iraq. According to the Constitution of Iraq, regional governments are responsible for "the establishment and organization of the internal security forces for the region such as police, security forces, and guards of the region". Other Kurdish defence and security agencies include the Zêrevanî (gendarmerie), Asayish, and the Parastin û Zanyarî. The Peshmerga's history dates back to the 18th century, when they began as a tribal paramilitary border guard under the Ottoman Turks and the Safavid Iranians. By the 19th century, they had evolved into a disciplined and well-trained guerrilla force.
Leyla Qasim was a Feyli Kurdish activist against the Iraqi Ba'ath regime who was executed in Baghdad. She is known as a national martyr among the Kurds.
Kurdistan Region (KRI) is a semi-autonomous federal region of the Republic of Iraq. It comprises four Kurdish-majority governorates of Arab-majority Iraq: Erbil Governorate, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Duhok Governorate, and Halabja Governorate. It is located in northern Iraq, which shares borders with Iran to the east, Turkey to the north, and Syria to the west.
Kurdish women traditionally had more rights than those living in other Islamic social and political systems, although traditional Kurdish culture, as most of traditional societies in the Middle East, is patriarchal, and in Kurdish families and communities, it has been "natural" for men to enjoy predominant power. Kurdish traditions, despite the religious pressure, have allowed women to work outside their home and alongside men, including militarily, and Kurdish histrory saw examples of women becoming military or community leaders. Pro-feminist values began gaining a significant weight among politically active Kurds in the 1980s, and Kurdish women's rights and equality have improved dramatically in the 21st century due to progressive movements within Kurdish society, and Kurdish women have played an almost equal role with men in struggle for democracy and Kurdish national liberation. However, despite the progress, Kurdish and international women's rights organizations still report problems related to gender inequality, forced marriages, honor killings, and in Iraqi Kurdistan, female genital mutilation (FGM).
Dashni Morad is a Kurdish singer, songwriter, television presenter, human rights & environmental activist. Born in Kurdistan, she moved to Holland as a refugee with her family in 1997. She rose to prominence in 2005 through her television show, "Bê Kontrol", which was the first of its kind in the Kurdistan Region to explore pop culture and related aspects of contemporary Western culture candidly. Many people in the Kurdistan Region, particularly the youth, consider Dashni to have broken down cultural and traditional barriers for young women.
Erbil, also called Hawler, is the capital and most populated city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The city is the capital of the Erbil Governorate.
The Iraqi–Kurdish conflict consists of a series of wars, rebellions and disputes between the Kurds and the central authority of Iraq starting in the 20th century shortly after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I. Some put the marking point of the conflict beginning to the attempt by Mahmud Barzanji to establish an independent Kingdom of Kurdistan, while others relate to the conflict as only the post-1961 insurrection by the Barzanis.
The status of women in Iraq has been affected by wars, Islamic law, the Constitution of Iraq, cultural traditions, and secularism. Hundreds of thousands of Iraqi women are war widows, and Women's rights organizations struggle against harassment and intimidation while they work to promote improvements to women's status in the law, in education, the workplace, and many other spheres of Iraqi life. Abusive practices such as honor killings and forced marriages remain problematic.
Human rights in Iraqi Kurdistan refer to the human rights issue in the autonomous area of Kurdistan Region.
Rudaw Media Network is a media broadcaster in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The network is headquartered in Erbil, the capital of Iraq's Kurdistan Region. It delivers content in multiple languages, including English, Kurdish, Arabic, and Turkish.
Helen Abdulla, better known by her stage name Helly Luv, is a Kurdish singer, dancer, choreographer, actress, model, She rose to fame after uploading cover videos on social media websites like Myspace and YouTube. Helly Luv has since starred in movies, music videos and has released her own material. Gaining popularity from her 2013 single "Risk It All", Helly Luv has recently signed to G2 Music Group. In 2014, she appeared in her first theatrical feature film, Mardan.
Between 1 and 15 August 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) expanded territory in northern Iraq under their control. In the region north and west from Mosul, the Islamic State conquered Zumar, Sinjar, Wana, Mosul Dam, Qaraqosh, Tel Keppe, Batnaya and Kocho, and in the region south and east of Mosul the towns Bakhdida, Karamlish, Bartella and Makhmour
Nadia Murad Basee Taha is an Iraqi-born Yazidi human rights activist based in Germany. In 2014, during the Yazidi genocide by the Islamic State, she was abducted from her hometown of Kocho in Iraq. Much of her community was massacred. After losing most of her family, Murad was held as an Islamic State sex slave for three months, alongside thousands of other Yazidi women and girls.
Salinee Tavaranan is a mechanical engineer who specializes in solar power and other forms of sustainable energy. She is the project director of Border Green Energy Team (BGET) and the CEO and founder of the company SunSawang, making green energy systems available to remote populations. She received a 2014 Cartier Women's Initiative Award for her work providing renewable energy to remote areas in Thailand.
Shifa Zikri Ibrahim, also known as Shifa Gardi, an Iraqi-Kurdish television presenter and journalist who was working for Rudaw Media Network in western Mosul, Iraq, was killed by a roadside bomb while reporting during the Iraq War.
Isabel Pesce Mattos, better known as Bel Pesce, is a Brazilian entrepreneur, best known as a writer and lecturer. She is sometimes referred to as "Menina do Vale do Silício".
The Erbil 1 Tower, also known as Zaniary Tower, is a 48-story, 180 m (591 ft) tall multi-use skyscraper in the heart of Erbil, capital of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The E1 Tower is the tallest building in the country. The project was part of Kirmanj Construction Company owned by Eng. Sabah Noori Ali whose objective is to develop and revitalize the area, opening new opportunities for people and enhancing the quality and standard of living of people in the area. The building is of reinforced concrete and all the concrete totaling up to 40,000 m3 is being supplied by Lafarge company, the leading concrete supplier in Iraq and internationally.
Chebet Lesan is a Kenyan climate activist and entrepreneur whose company BrightGreen creates charcoal briquettes from local waste materials, selling them through a network of women. Her awards include the Queen's Young Leader Award and a Mandela Washington Fellowship for Young African Leaders.
The 2022 Erbil missile attacks occurred on 13 March 2022 when multiple ballistic missiles were launched by the Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps from East Azerbaijan province, Iran, against the city of Erbil in Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
References
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- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Nelson, Carol (18 May 2018). "It's my job: Basima Abdulrahman". Auburn Engineer. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Collard, Rebecca (16 January 2019). "Eight Young Leaders Share Their Visions for Shaping the Decade Ahead". Time . Retrieved 22 November 2023.
- 1 2 "Interview with Basima Abdulrahman". KAPITA. 19 June 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
- 1 2 3 "Meet the Women Pioneers Creating Green Jobs in Arab Countries". japannews.yomiuri.co.jp. Thomson Reuters Foundation. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
- ↑ Ifteqar, Naheed (27 May 2021). "This Iraqi Entrepreneur is One of the Eight Laureates of the Cartier Women's Initiative". Vogue Arabia. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
- 1 2 DeMarco, Anthony. "The Cartier Women's Initiative Awards $100,000 To 8 Women Entrepreneurs". Forbes. Retrieved 22 November 2023.