Battle
The battle began at 6:00 a.m. on 20 October 2017, when Iraqi forces began to rain artillery (likely M198), tank and mortar fire on Kurdish units near Altun Kupri and its surroundings, with the help of IRGC artillery experts, [16] forcing the Peshmerga to retreat through the town to positions beyond it in a row of hills. An apparent 81-millimeter mortar exploded not far from a group of Kurdish generals standing outside a command post and another one hit a vehicle of the Zerevani. [17] [18] The artillery fire also hit civilian homes. [11] Kurdish support units based on the outskirts of the Erbil governorate responded with their own, much weaker artillery. [11] [19]
The Iraqi ground attack commenced from three axes. From the west near the town of Dibis, from the east near the village of Qarabag, and Kitka, southern Altun Kupri. [18] [20] Kurdish forces near Kitka, Altun Kupri and other areas withdrew under heavy fire along the Erbil-Kirkuk Road through Altun Kupri until they reached the checkpoint demarking the Erbil and Kirkuk governorates. [15] [21] [22] The checkpoint, which was known as the 'last line' and served as a FOB, had berms and was manned by Peshmerga soldiers. By 9:00 a.m. Peshmerga and locals were again forced to retreat by the advancing Iraqi forces, and the former subsequently stationed at the hills of the Qeredax mountain range behind the checkpoint, which formed a unique strategic “cauldron”, which the Kurdish forces utilized by establishing new positions on them. [15] [20] [23] [24] [25]
At 10:00 a.m., after hours of artillery bombardment against the Peshmerga, Iraqi units began advancing towards the rest of Altun Kupri. [26] Iraqi forces pushed through the town, capturing it nearly unhindered until they reached the town’s bridge which spans across the Little Zab. When Iraqi Humvee’s crossed, a massive explosion erupted, tearing two vehicles into the river. The bridge was sabotaged by sappers during the earlier retreat of the Peshmerga forces. [22] The other side of the bridge was still intact, as well as a smaller bridge in the town’s south, which connects a river island to the Kurdish side. Iraqi forces continued their push across the river despite the sabotage attempts, where they were met by heavy fire from the Peshmerga ‘cauldron’, which now consisted of a few hundred KDP and PAK Peshmerga, and Zerevani forces. Among light weapons the Kurds used .50-caliber machine guns, truck mounted field guns, and anti-tank weapons like the German MILAN, Panzerfaust 3, and the Chinese HJ-8. [27] [28] [29] [25] [30] [31] Ercuman Turkmen, a PMU commander, said from inside the town his forces were being targeted by sniper fire. [32]
By 11:00 a.m. Kurdish attempts to battle the advancing Iraqi forces proved futile as Altun Kupri and the Erbil-Kirkuk checkpoint were under complete control of the Iraqi forces, and they came as close as 700m to the retreated Kurdish positions at the Qeredax hills. An Iraqi M1 Abrams tank advancing along the smaller Prde Street, adjacent to the Erbil-Kirkuk Road, came particularly close and was later destroyed, an event captured on film by a Rudaw reporter. [20] [31] [33] [34]
After the destruction of the tank, the Shia militias moved back and started firing more artillery and mortars. [35] A few Peshmerga of the PAK, led by Hussein Yazdanpanah, used the opportunity and left the checkpoint to establish new positions at a compound, which was about 300 meter closer to the Iraqis. Footage shows Yazdanpanah himself, shooting an RPG. [36] [37]
By mid-day a significant amount of Peshmerga reinforcements, including armored vehicles and CTG special forces, arrived from Qushtapa to aid the retreated Peshmerga. [11] [20] [35]
Kurdish forces held the areas they had withdrawn to and it was not clear at the time whether or not the Iraqi forces sought to advance beyond the captured town. Earlier however, when they captured Dibs, Kitka and the town itself, they did so with ease and Peshmerga “could not withstand [Iraqi] firepower”. [15]
Ultimately, Iraqi forces successfully pushed Peshmerga out of Altun Kupri completely and established control over the adjacent Erbil-Kirkuk checkpoint. [38]
A security source told Agence France-Presse that:
army units, federal police, and counter-terrorism forces entered the center of Altun Kupri district amid clashes, but they managed to storm it and raise the Iraqi flag on the district building. [39]
The security official confirmed that "residents welcomed the Iraqi forces with joy and ululations". [39] The commander of the southern Kirkuk axis in the Peshmerga forces, a leader in the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan party, Westa Rasul, stated that "the battle in Kirkuk resulted in the killing of 26 Peshmerga fighters and the wounding of 67 others." [39]
Iraq 
Kurdistan Region 
Maj. Gen. Qasem Soleimani 
Hussein Yazdanpanah