Yi Sun-sin was a Korean admiral and military general known for his victories against the Japanese navy during the Imjin War in the Joseon period. Yi's courtesy name was Yŏhae, and he was posthumously honored with the title Lord of Loyal Valor.
The Donghak Peasant Revolution (Korean: 동학농민혁명) was a peasant revolt that took place between 11 January 1894 and 25 December 1895 in Korea. The peasants were primarily followers of Donghak, a Neo-Confucian movement that rejected Western technology and ideals.
The Imjin War was a series of two Japanese invasions of Korea: an initial invasion in 1592 also individually called "Imjin War", a brief truce in 1596, and a second invasion in 1597 called the Chŏngyu War. The conflict ended in 1598 with the withdrawal of Japanese forces from the Korean Peninsula after a military stalemate in Korea's southern provinces.
Righteous armies (Korean: 의병), sometimes translated as irregular armies or militias, were informal civilian militias that appeared several times in Korean history, when the national armies were in need of assistance.
Wŏn Kyun was a Korean general and admiral during the Joseon period. He is best known for his campaigns against the Japanese during Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea. Wŏn was a member of Wonju Wŏn clan, which was well known for its members' military accomplishments. He was born in 1540 near Pyeongtaek and demonstrated his skill as warrior at a young age. He was qualified as a military officer and was first assigned to the northern border to defend against the Jurchens, who frequently raided Korean villages. Wŏn led many successful campaigns with Yi Il and Yi Sun-sin against the Jurchens. After considerable accomplishments on the northern frontier, he was promoted to admiral in 1592 and sent to the southern coast of Gyeongsang Province to command the province's Western Fleet, along with Yi Sun-sin, who became admiral before Wŏn and took command of Jeolla Province's Eastern Fleet. At the time, Wŏn and Yi were cavalry leaders who had no experience with naval warfare.
Kwŏn Yul was a Korean army general and the commander-in-chief of the Joseon period, who successfully led the Korean forces against Japan during the Japanese invasions of Korea. He is best known for the Battle of Haengju where he defeated an attacking force of about 30,000 Japanese with 2,800 troops.
The Battle of Jeonju was one of the first battles fought in Korea during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598).
Yi Gwang was a commander of Korean Joseon Dynasty forces throughout Toyotomi Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea at the end of the 16th century.
Kobayakawa Takakage was a samurai and daimyō during the Sengoku period and Azuchi–Momoyama period. He was the third son of Mōri Motonari who was adopted by the Kobayakawa clan and became its 14th clan head. He merged the two branches of the Kobayakawa, the Takehara-Kobayakawa clan (竹原小早川氏) and Numata-Kobayakawa clan (沼田小早川氏). He became an active commander of the Mōri army and he with his brother Kikkawa Motoharu became known as the “Mōri Ryōsen", or “Mōri's Two Rivers" (毛利両川). As head of the Kobayakawa clan, he expanded the clan's territory in the Chūgoku region, and fought for the Mōri clan in all their campaigns
Jeon Bong-jun was a Korean peasant revolutionary who was a prominent leader of the Donghak movement. During the Donghak Peasant Revolution, he led the initial revolt in Gobu and later led the Southern Jeob rebels. After his defeat at the Battle of Ugeumchi, he was captured and was later executed in April 1895. Due to his short physical stature, he was called "Nokdu Janggun".
The Battle of Ugeumchi took place in the Ugeumchi area, from October 23 to November 11, 1894. It was a conflict between different factions, including the Donghak peasant army, the Capital Guards Command consisting of the Palace Guards (Gyeongricheong), Royal Escort Palace Guards (Jangwiyeong), and the Metropolitan Guards (Tongwiyeong), and the new well-trained Japanese-style Military Training Division (Hullyeondae), which were the elite forces of the Joseon government equipped with modern weapons and tactics. Despite the overwhelming numerical advantage of the peasant army, they were unable to break through the defensive line of the suppressing forces, who had superior weapons and tactics. The defeat in Ugeumchi led to the rapid disintegration of the peasant army and the loss of momentum in the Donghak Peasant Revolution.
Ko Kyŏngmyŏng was a Joseon scholar and Yangban, who became a Righteous Army leader in the Imjin War. He was killed while attacking Geumsan in 1592.
Jo Heon was a Joseon official and militia leader in Korea at the time of the Imjin war. He believed that Japan under Toyotomi Hideyoshi posed a threat to Korean security, but his warnings were not heeded. When war broke out in 1592, he raised a volunteer militia to resist the Japanese invaders. He was killed during the second battle of Geumsan in 1592.
The Battle of Yongin happened during the Japanese invasions of Korea. The battle was fought from June 5–6, 1592. Yi Gwang's force of 60,000 lost to the numerically inferior Japanese garrison of 1,600-1,900.
Hong Gye-hun was a Joseon official of the late 19th century who served as lieutenant-colonel of the Jang Wi-Young, and the Military Training Division during the reign of King Gojong. He was known for his leading role in the Donghak Peasant Revolution and defending Queen Min during the Imo Incident and the Eulmi Incident.
The Battle of Hwangtojae was a battle during the Donghak Peasant Revolution which occurred in 1894 Korea. The Donghak Peasant Army achieved a significant victory in the battle against the Jeolla Gamyeong Army.
The Battle of Jangseong Hwangryong River, or the Battle of Hwangryong River, was an 1893 conflict in Korea between the Donghak Peasant Army and Hong Gye-hun's army. During the journey from Yeonggwang, Hampyeong, and Muan to Jangseong, the Donghak Peasant Army, which had been advancing triumphantly everywhere they went, finally encountered Hong Gye-hoon's military forces that had chased after them and engaged in a battle in Jangseong.
The siege of Jeonju Fortress was a conflict in May 1894 that concluded the first revolt of the Donghak Peasant Revolution. The Donghak Peasant Army that won the Battle of Hwangryong River immediately aimed its sword at Jeonju. In the early morning of April 27, the peasant army formed a line at Yongduchi overlooking Jeonju Fortress and prepared to advance. Already the day before, the peasant army that had beheaded Lee Hyo-eung, a messenger carrying a letter of appeasement from King Gojong, and Bae Eun-hwan were filled with solemn determination. After throwing the messenger and messenger sent by the king onto the corpse. They occupied Jeonju Fortress with little resistance, which was what is known as a bloodless occupation as Jeonju Castle was in a defenseless state. Around Jeonju Castle, from April 28th to May 3rd in 1894, there were various battles between the Garrison Army led by Hong Gye-hun and the peasant army. After losing the Battle of Wansan, the Joseon government concluded the first revolt of the Donghak Peasant Revolution with the Jeonju Treaty.
After the Battle of Ugeumchi, Jeon Bong-jun and his remaining forces retreated to Nonsan to rendezvous with Kim Gae-nam and the other Donghak peasants who were defeated by government and Japanese troops. Several battles took place where the Donghak Peasant Army fought against the allied forces of the Joseon Army and the Imperial Japanese Army who were in pursuit of them. The alliance defeated them and the Donghak Peasant Army retreated to Jeonju Fortress which they abandoned for Wonpyeong and Taein to make their final resistance. The Battle of Taein was the most prominent battle during their retreat where after their defeat, Jeon Bong-jun disbanded the Donghak Peasant Army, marking the end of the Donghak Peasant Revolution.
Kim Gae-nam was a prominent figure in the Donghak Peasant Revolution in the late 19th century, and he served as the head of the Honam Changwi Office and other positions within the Donghak religious sect. He converted to Donghak around 1890 and played a significant role during the Samrye and Boeun gatherings, which led to his recognition as a leader. When the Donghak Peasant Revolution broke out in 1894, he assumed the position of the overall commander and became the central figure of the Donghak Peasant Army. During the northward advance after the Second Uprising, the Battle of Cheongju took place, and Kim Gaenam suffered a major defeat there. He was subsequently arrested and executed in January 1895.
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