The national flag of Indonesia is a simple bicolor with two horizontal bands, red (top) and white (bottom) with an overall ratio of 2:3. It was introduced and hoisted in public during the proclamation of independence on 17 August 1945 at 56 Proklamasi Street in Jakarta, and again when the Dutch formally transferred sovereignty on 27 December 1949. The design of the flag has remained unchanged since.
Palangka Raya is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of Central Kalimantan. The city is situated between the Kahayan and the Sabangau rivers on the island of Borneo. As of the 2020 census, the city has a population of 293,500; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 305,907. Palangka Raya is the largest city by land area in Indonesia. Most of the area is forested including protected forests, nature conservation areas, and Tangkiling Forest). It also has the highest Human Development Index rating of any city in Kalimantan.
The Battle of Surabaya was fought between regular infantry and militia of the Indonesian nationalist movement and British and British Indian troops as a part of the Indonesian National Revolution against the re-imposition of Dutch colonial rule. The peak of the battle was in November 1945. The battle was the largest single battle of the revolution and became a national symbol of Indonesian resistance. Considered a heroic effort by Indonesians, the battle helped galvanise Indonesian and international support for Indonesian independence. 10 November is celebrated annually as Heroes' Day.
Kotabaru Regency is one of the eleven regencies in the Indonesian province of South Kalimantan. It consists of two parts; the smaller but more populated part comprises Laut Island, the largest island off the coast of Kalimantan, together with the smaller Sebuku Island off Laut Island's east coast and even smaller islands nearby; the larger but less populated part consists of districts on the mainland of Kalimantan. The regency as a whole has an area of 9,480.17 km2, and had a population of 290,142 at the 2010 Census and 325,622 at the 2020 Census. The official estimate as at mid 2022 was 334,158, of whom 178,660 were in the insular part and 155,498 in the mainland part of the regency. The regency seat is located at the large town of Kotabaru at the northern tip of Laut Island.
Indonesian literature is a term grouping various genres of South-East Asian literature.
Tarakan is an island and co-extensively the sole city within the newly established Indonesian province of North Kalimantan. The island city is located in northern Borneo, midway along the coast of the province. The city boundaries are co-extensive with the island. Once a major oil-producing region during the colonial period, Tarakan had great strategic importance during the Pacific War and was among the first Japanese targets early in the conflict. It is the sole city within the newly established Indonesian province of North Kalimantan. According to Statistics Indonesia, the city had a population of 193,370 at the 2010 Census and 242,786 inhabitants at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 248,972 (comprising 128,895 males and 120,077 females.
Sampit is a large town located in East Kotawaringin Regency, Central Kalimantan. Previously a timber port town, it has grown to be a medium-sized community with a population of 166,773 according to Statistics Indonesia in 2019, with the economy having since divested from timber products. However, the town is not an autonomous city and not an administrative division by despite having a sizeable population and urban built-up. It consists of 11 urban villages (kelurahan) from Baamang District, Seranau District, and Mentawa Baru Ketapang District. The total area of the town is 751.45 square kilometres.
The following is an alphabetical list of topics related to the Republic of Indonesia.
South Barito Regency is a regency in Central Kalimantan province of Indonesia. On 10 April 2002 the eastern districts were split off to create a new East Barito Regency, while the residual South Barito District has an area of 7,020 km2. The regency seat is located in town of Buntok, located in South Dusun district. The population of South Barito Regency was 124,128 at the 2010 Census and 131,140 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 131,997 ).
Merah Putih is a movie, directed by Yadi Sugandi, brought out in Indonesia in 2009. This film is an adaptation of Japanese propaganda film Air dan Api by Andreas Liong and Ignatius Matulessy in 1943.
Hasan Basry was a military general, Indonesian nationalist leader, and was a key figure in the liberation of Kalimantan from Dutch rule. During the Indonesian National Revolution, he acted as the military representative of the Indonesian army in Kalimantan and led a guerilla war against the Linggadjati Agreement. He was a key figure behind the 17 May Proclamation which rallied Kalimantan natives against Dutch rule in 1949. He was declared a National Hero of Indonesia in 2001.
Wikana was an Indonesian minister and independence leader. He was one of the youths who forced Sukarno and Hatta to declare independence immediately after the surrender of the Japanese. He was the first Indonesian Minister of Youth and Sport. He was a member of the Indonesian Communist Party. Sometime after the 1965 coup d'état attempt, he was arrested and went missing, it is supposed that he was one of the assassinated in the Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66.
Bernard Wilhelm "B. W." Lapian was a nationalist involved in the struggle for Indonesian independence. He published several newspapers that gave voice to the welfare of the Indonesian people and promoted Indonesian nationalism. He was also part a group who established a separate Christian denomination from the official Dutch East-Indies church institution. After Indonesia gained its independence, Lapian served as head of the district of Manado and acting governor of Sulawesi. In 2015, he was given the title of National Hero of Indonesia by President Joko Widodo.
The Independence Day of Indonesia is a national holiday in Indonesia commemorating the anniversary of Indonesia's proclamation of independence on 17 August 1945. It was made a national holiday by government decree in 1946.
The Kalimantan Physical Revolution was an armed conflict between Indonesian nationalists in and pro-Dutch forces in Dutch Borneo following the end of the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies and the 1945 Proclamation of Indonesian Independence by Sukarno and which lasted until the Dutch withdrew from most of Indonesia in 1949. It can be considered a regional conflict in the larger Indonesian National Revolution. After the surrender of the Japanese at the end of World War II, allied forces took control of the Dutch East Indies, including Dutch Borneo. The return of Dutch authorities however, was rejected by majority of native population, including in Borneo, resulting in various regional armed conflicts between Royal Netherlands East Indies Army and Indonesian nationalist forces. Allied military forces in Borneo were in a strong position after an early conflict in August 1945, and were able to pacify local nationalist uprisings and impose a blockade to prevent military aid and exchange in personnel from nationalist strongholds in Java and Sumatra. Later, nationalists with connections to Borneo were able to breach tofhe military blockade to provide information revolutionary events in Java and Sumatra, declaring Kalimantan as inseparable part of the new Indonesian republic.
A series of severe floods affected the province of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia on early September 2021. The floods have affected 11 regencies and cities in the province, and as of 10 September six have declared a state of emergency. The Central Kalimantan government also declared a 15-day state of emergency starting on 8 September. Katingan Regency has been particularly affected by the floods.
Tentara Pelajar or Student's Armies, sometimes referred to as Student's Brigades is a collective name used for many small self-organized independent military units formed by students across Indonesia during Indonesian National Revolution. Consisted mostly of very young pemuda (youth) from middle to highs chools between the age of 14–18, they were famous for being uncontrollable and very radical compared to other more disciplined Republican units and militia. While some units of Tentara Pelajar had centralized command and some degree of control by Indonesian military commanders, many more were simply decentralized militia or units that are formed by students themselves and act independently from the rest of Indonesian armed forces.
Muhammad Hasan Gayo was an Indonesian politician and journalist from Aceh. He was active in youth guerilla groups during the Indonesian National Revolution, and later worked as a journalist during the Sukarno period.
The Hotel Yamato incident was the tearing of the blue colour of the Dutch flag flying at Hotel Yamato on 19 September 1945, which was preceded by the failure of negotiations between negotiations between Soedirman and W. V. C. Ploegman to lower the Dutch flag.
Dutch East Indies 
Indonesia