| 3 March affair | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Indonesian National Revolution | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Indonesia | Islamic militias | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Ismail Lengah | Saalah Yusuf Sutan Mangkuto Adam B.B. | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 1 killed | 1 wounded | ||||||
The 3 March affair (Indonesian : Peristiwa Tiga Maret) was an attempted coup against the Indonesian republican administration in West Sumatra during the Indonesian National Revolution by Islamic militias. The coup failed and its leaders were arrested.
In the early phases of the Indonesian National Revolution, the residents of West Sumatra had felt that the authorities of the Republic of Indonesia had not been radical enough in taking actions against the Dutch. [1] A local election in mid-1946 saw significant success for candidates who had refused to work with the Dutch and Japanese authorities in the pre-independence era, and members of the Islamist Masyumi Party largely took control of local village administration from traditional leaders. [2] In November 1946, the Linggadjati Agreement was signed, which in West Sumatra meant that Indonesian army units were required to withdraw from the city of Padang, an unpopular decision for the locals. [2] This resentment was furthered by grievances by soldiers on the frontlines against civilian administrators and their officers, in addition to a lack of Masyumi representation in the residency government and the fact that military supplies were allocated almost exclusively for regular army units with militia groups receiving effectively nothing. [2] [3]
On 3 March 1947, the uprising occurred, centered in the government base at Bukittinggi in addition to several other towns. [2] Forces involved in Bukittinggi were primarily Hizbullah militias withdrawn from Solok, Padangpanjang and Payakumbuh, mobilized early that day. [3] The primary objective of the uprising was to seize power from the Republican government, and to kidnap the heads of government there - civilian resident Rasyid and army commander Ismail Lengah . [2] Both leaders had been alerted to the uprising a week in advance and were well-protected, and had preemptively contacted local ulama to convince them against taking part in the rebellion. [4] [5]
Due to the prior knowledge, Republican military leaders had formed operational plans which dictated a policy of minimal violence to prevent losses. [6] The Hizbullah men were intercepted and surrounded, [6] and after just several hours of light combat the militias surrendered before reaching the center of Bukittinggi. [7] They were disarmed, and some men who attempted to escape by blending into civilians were not pursued. [6] Outside of Bukittinggi, the rebels managed to capture some civilian officials (such as future minister Eny Karim), [5] but by morning the following day principal coup leaders had been arrested. [7] In Bukittinggi, one regular army soldier was killed and one of the rebels was wounded. [7]
The captured rebels were imprisoned, but after several days they were released and sent home by the government with money and clothes. [7] The coup leaders were trialled, with the two chief leaders being sentenced to one year in prison and a parole sentence respectively. [8] Masyumi leader Mohammad Natsir (who originated from West Sumatra) travelled to Bukittinggi leading a Masyumi delegation to investigate the incident, concluding that the Masyumi party itself was uninvolved in the incident, though it involved a number of its members. [7]
Leaders of the Indonesian central government changed their attitudes towards West Sumatra in the aftermath of the incident. [9] The local government decided that the Islamic militias had to be included in the military command structure, and they were later integrated in a process which completed later that year. [10]
The Indonesian National Revolution, or the Indonesian War of Independence, was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during postwar and postcolonial Indonesia. It took place between Indonesia's declaration of independence in 1945 and the Netherlands' recognition of Indonesia's independence at the end of 1949.
The Communist Party of Indonesia was a communist party in Indonesia during the mid-20th century. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its brutal and violent eradication in 1965 and ban the following year. The party had two million members in the 1955 elections, with 16 percent of the national vote and almost 30 percent of the vote in East Java. During most of the period immediately following independence until the eradication of the PKI in 1965, it was a legal party operating openly in the country.
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Bukittinggi is the third largest city in West Sumatra, Indonesia, with a population of 111,312 in 2010 and 121,028 in 2020, and an area of 25.24 km2. It is in the Minangkabau Highlands, 90 km by road from the West Sumatran capital city of Padang. The whole area directly borders to the Agam Regency, making it an enclave, and is located at 0°18′20″S100°22′9″E, near the volcanoes Mount Singgalang (inactive) and Mount Marapi. At 930 m above sea level, the city has a cool climate with temperatures between 16.1° to 24.9 °C.
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This is the Timeline of Indonesian National Revolution (1945–1950)
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The third Sjahrir Cabinet was the fourth Indonesian cabinet. It served from October 1946 to June 1947, when it fell due to disagreements related to implementation of the Linggadjati Agreement and subsequent negotiations with the Dutch.
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