The Second Battle of Opatow, one of many clashes of the January Uprising, took place on February 21, 1864, near the town of Opatow, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A party of some 1,000 Polish insurgents, commanded by Ludwik Zwierzdowski and Apolinary Kurowski, tried to capture the town, which was defended by an 800-strong garrison of the Imperial Russian Army. The battle ended in Russian victory; Russian losses were estimated at app. 50 killed, while Poles lost 50 killed and 62 wounded.
In February 1864, Russian general Ksawery Czengiery concentrated some 4,500 soldiers in the area of Sandomierz, Opatow, Stopnica and Staszow. Polish insurgents in the region had app. 1,000 armed men. Since Polish general Józef Hauke-Bosak was in other location, these forces were commanded by Apolinary Kurowski and Ludwik Topór-Zwierzdowski. Both decided to attack the Russians in their weakest point, and then capture Opatow. They underestimated Russian forces, which defended the town.
Polish attack on Opatow began in the evening of February 21. The rebels managed to seize 75% of the town, including Russian barracks with a number of rifles kept there. Due to desperate Russian resistance, their advance was checked after several hours. At midnight, Kurowski ordered his men to leave the town, as he feared Russian reinforcements, marching from Sandomierz. On the next day, Russians captured Ludwik Zwierzdowski, and hanged him at Opatow's market square on February 23.
The January Uprising was an insurrection principally in Russia′s Kingdom of Poland aimed at the restoration of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It began on 22 January 1863 and continued until the last insurgents were captured by the Russian forces in 1864.
The Battle of Kulm was a battle near the town Kulm and the village Přestanov in northern Bohemia. It was fought on 29–30 August 1813, during the War of the Sixth Coalition. 32,000 French troops under Dominique Vandamme attacked an army of about 50-60,000 Austrians, Russians and Prussians under Alexander Ostermann-Tolstoy, but were defeated with heavy losses on both sides.
Operation Tempest was a series of anti-Nazi uprisings conducted during World War II by the Polish Home Army, the dominant force in the Polish resistance.
The Battle of Kock was the final battle in the invasion of Poland at the beginning of World War II in Europe. It took place between 2–5 October 1939, near the town of Kock, in Poland.
The Battle of Praga or the Second Battle of Warsaw of 1794 was a Russian assault on Praga, the easternmost suburb of Warsaw, during the Kościuszko Uprising in 1794. It was followed by a massacre of the civilian population of Praga.
The Erzurum Offensive or Battle of Erzurum was a major winter offensive by the Imperial Russian Army on the Caucasus Campaign, during the First World War, that led to the capture of the strategic city of Erzurum. Ottoman forces, in winter quarters, suffered a series of unexpected reverses that led to a Russian victory.
The Battle of Kliszów (Klissow) (Klezow) took place on July 8 / July 9 / July 19, 1702 near Kliszów, Poland-Lithuania, during the Great Northern War. The numerically superior Polish-Saxon army of August II the Strong, operating from an advantageous defensive position, was defeated by a Swedish army half its size under the command of King Charles XII.
Opatów is a town in Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, historic province of Lesser Poland. It is the capital of Opatów County. Its population is 7,833 (2007). Opatów is located among the hills of Lesser Polish Upland, with the Opatówka river dividing the town into two parts. The town marks the intersection of two main roads - European route E371, and national road nr 74. Opatów, however, has no rail connection. Nearest station is at Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, 17 km (11 mi) away.
Zamość Fortress is a set of fortifications constructed together with the city of Zamość. It was built between 1579 and 1618, and the construction was initiated by Chancellor and Hetman Jan Zamoyski. It was one of the biggest fortresses of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, built so solidly that it was able to resist the attacks of both the Cossacks and the Swedes during the Deluge. It was taken down in 1866, although fragments survive.
The Mongol Invasion of Poland from late 1240 to 1241 culminated in the battle of Legnica, where the Mongols defeated an alliance which included forces from fragmented Poland and their allies, led by Henry II the Pious, the Duke of Silesia. The first invasion's intention was to secure the flank of the main Mongolian army attacking the Kingdom of Hungary. The Mongols neutralized any potential help to King Béla IV being provided by the Poles or any military orders.
The Battle of Miechów took place on February 17, 1863, near Miechów in Małopolska, Poland, during the January Uprising.
Battle of Krzykawka was a military engagement that took place during the January Uprising on May 5, 1863, between Russian forces and Polish insurgents and foreign volunteers allied with them. It took place close to the village of Krzykawka near Olkusz. The Polish forces were led by general Józef Miniewski and included the Italian Garibaldi Legion under the command of Francesco Nullo. The outcome of the engagement was a victory for the Russian forces.
The third Mongol invasion of Poland was carried out by Nogai Khan and Talabuga in 1287–1288. As in the second invasion, its purpose was to loot Lesser Poland, and to prevent Duke Leszek II the Black from interfering in Hungarian and Ruthenian affairs. The invasion was also part of the hostilities between Poland and Ruthenia; in 1281, the Poles had defeated a Mongol force near Goslicz which had entered Duke Leszek's territory in support of Lev I.
The Battle of Sosnowiec was one of battles of the January Uprising. It took place in the night of February 6/7 1863, between Polish insurgents under Colonel Apolinary Kurowski, and Imperial Russian Army garrison, which guarded the town of Sosnowiec, Congress Poland.
The Battle of Slupcza took place on February 8, 1863, near the village of Slupcza, Congress Poland, during the January Uprising. Up to 100 Polish insurgents commanded by Leon Frankowski and Antoni Zdanowicz clashed on that day with a unit of the Imperial Russian Army. The skirmish was won by the Russians.
The Battle of Krzywosadz was one of battles of the January Uprising. It took place in the village of Krzywosadz, Congress Poland, on February 19, 1863, when poorly armed party of 500 Polish insurgents, under Ludwik Mieroslawski, clashed with a 1,000 strong unit of the Imperial Russian Army.
The Battle of Pieskowa Skala, one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, took place on March 4, 1863, near Pieskowa Skala in southwestern corner of Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A party of Polish insurgents commanded by Marian Langiewicz, heading towards the border with Austrian Galicia, clashed with units of the Imperial Russian Army.
The Battle of Horki was a series of three clashes between Polish-Lithuanian insurgent forces and units of the Imperial Russian Army during the January Uprising. It took place between May 17–25, 1863 in the village of Horki near Kobryn, Russian Empire. Insurgent forces were commanded by Romuald Traugutt.
The Battle of Fajslawice, one of many clashes of the January Uprising, took place on August 24, 1863, near the village of Fajslawice, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A party of 1,500 Polish insurgents, commanded by Michał Heydenreich, clashed with 2,500 soldiers of the Imperial Russian Army’s Mounted Artillery Division under Colonel Grigoriy Emanov. The battle, which was one of the bloodiest clashes of the uprising, resulted in Russian victory. The insurgents lost 320 killed, 650 captured and 40 wounded, while Russian losses were app. 40 wounded and unknown number killed.
The First Battle of Opatow, one of many clashes of the January Uprising, took place on November 25, 1863, in the town of Opatow, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A party of 210 Polish rebels, commanded by Józef Hauke-Bosak, managed to temporarily capture the town, which was defended by a 180-strong garrison of the Imperial Russian Army.
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