The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, was the first successful secular democratic republic in the Turkic and Muslim worlds. The ADR was founded by the Azerbaijani National Council in Tiflis on 28 May 1918 after the collapse of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. Its established borders were with Russia to the north, the Democratic Republic of Georgia to the north-west, the Republic of Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south. It had a population of around 3 million. Ganja was the temporary capital of the Republic as Baku was under Bolshevik control. The name of "Azerbaijan" which the leading Musavat party adopted, for political reasons, was, prior to the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in 1918, exclusively used to identify the adjacent region of contemporary northwestern Iran.
Caucasus Germans are part of the German minority in Russia and the Soviet Union. They migrated to the Caucasus largely in the first half of the 19th century and settled in the North Caucasus, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia and the region of Kars. In 1941, the majority of them were subject to deportation to Central Asia and Siberia during Joseph Stalin's population transfer in the Soviet Union. After Stalin's death in 1953 and the beginning of the Khrushchev Thaw, the Caucasus Germans were allowed to return, though few did. Many assimilated and, after 1991, emigrated to Germany. Although the community today is a fraction of what it once was, many German buildings and churches are still extant, with some turned into museums.
Prokofy "Alyosha" Aprasionovich Dzhaparidze or Japaridze,, was a Georgian revolutionary activist, one of the Red Army and Bolshevik Party leaders in Azerbaijan during the Russian Revolution.
The Red Army invasion of Georgia, also known as the Soviet–Georgian War or the Soviet invasion of Georgia, was a military campaign by the Russian Red Army aimed at overthrowing the Social-Democratic (Menshevik) government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG) and installing a Bolshevik regime in the country. The conflict was a result of expansionist policy by the Russians, who aimed to control as much as possible of the lands which had been part of the former Russian Empire until the turbulent events of the First World War, as well as the revolutionary efforts of mostly Russian-based Georgian Bolsheviks, who did not have sufficient support in their native country to seize power without external intervention.
The Battle of Baku was a battle in World War I that took place between August–September 1918 between the Ottoman–Azerbaijani coalition forces led by Nuri Pasha and Bolshevik–Dashnak Baku Soviet forces, later succeeded by the British–Armenian–White Russian forces led by Lionel Dunsterville and saw briefly Soviet Russia re-enter the war. The battle was fought as a conclusive part of the Caucasus Campaign, but as a beginning of the Armenian–Azerbaijani War.
The German Caucasus expedition was a military expedition sent in late May 1918, by the German Empire to the formerly Russian Transcaucasia during the Caucasus Campaign of World War I. Its prime aim was to stabilize the pro-German Democratic Republic of Georgia and to secure oil supplies for Germany by preventing the Ottoman Empire from gaining access to the oil reserves near Baku on the Abşeron peninsula.
The Turkic Federalist Party was an Azerbaijani political party established in Elisabethpol and initially known as the Turkic Revolutionary Committee of Social Federalists and later as the Turkic Party of Decentralisation. It was mostly commonly referred to simply as Geyrat.
Goygol is a city, municipality and the capital of the Goygol District in northwestern Azerbaijan. It's around 10 km (6 mi) south of Azerbaijan's second-largest city, Ganja. The city of Goygol has a population of 37,200. The municipality includes the city of Goygol and the village of Qızılqaya.
The Georgian coup in May 1920 was an unsuccessful attempt to take power by the Bolsheviks in the Democratic Republic of Georgia. Relying on the 11th Red Army of Soviet Russia operating in neighboring Azerbaijan, the Bolsheviks attempted to take control of a military school and government offices in the Georgian capital of Tiflis on May 3. The Georgian government suppressed the disorders in Tiflis and concentrated its forces to successfully block the advance of the Russian troops on the Azerbaijani-Georgian border. The Georgian resistance, combined with an uneasy war with Poland, persuaded the Red leadership to defer their plans for Georgia's Sovietization and recognize Georgia as an independent nation in the May 7 treaty of Moscow.
Vladimir Semyonovich Bobrovsky was a Russian revolutionary Marxist active in the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party and the Russian Bolshevik Party.
The Shamkhor massacre or the Shamkhor incident, took place in January 1918, Şəmkir, Azerbaijan. The Azerbaijani armed groups, acting on orders from the Military Council of Nationalities, massacred Russian soldiers who were returning home from the Caucasus Front, in an effort to obtain sufficient arms.
Lenins Weg was a German-language newspaper published in Soviet Azerbaijan. It was published from Helenendorf between 1932 and 1936, and in 1936 from Baku. Lenins Weg functioned as a republic-level newspaper for the German population in Soviet Azerbaijan.
Hamid Hasan oglu Sultanov was a Soviet Azerbaijani politician, People's Commissar for Internal Affairs of the Azerbaijan SSR and later Chair of the Council of People's Commissars of the Nakhchivan ASSR.
Germans have lived in Azerbaijan since the 1810s, with a large concentration of them once found in the western part of the country. The community grew out of two original settlements founded by German settlers from Württemberg who settled here in 1819. During World War II, it virtually ceased to exist as the Soviet government, which ruled Azerbaijan at the time, grew wary of the ethnic Germans potentially sympathising with the advancing army of the Third Reich and deported them to Central Asia in 1942.
The Transcaucasus electoral district was a constituency created for the 1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election. The electoral district covered the Baku Governorate, the Elizavetpol Governorate, the Erivan Governorate, the Kutais Governorate, the Tiflis Governorate, the Batum Oblast, the Kars Oblast, the Sukhum Okrug and the Zakatal Okrug.
Guba Uprising— the uprising by Azerbaijanis against the Soviet occupation in 1920. Hamdulla Afandi Afandizadeh, Kachak Mail, and ADR army officer Afandiyev were leaders of the uprising which lasted about three weeks. Aliheydar Garayev and Levan Gogoberidze were delegated to the region to suppress the uprising. After weeks of unequal clashes, the rebels were defeated. During the uprising, many villages were burned and 400-500 peasants killed.
Azerbaijani Red Army, also known as the Red Army of Azerbaijan, was a field army of the pro-Bolshevik Red Army in the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic during the Russian Civil War.
Ivan (Vano) Fedorovich Sturua was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet statesman.
The National Center of Azerbaijan is a secret organization that operated from 1924 to 1931 in the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic(AzSSR).
