Bedangadas Mohanty

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Bedangadas Mohanty
Born (1973-04-08) 8 April 1973 (age 51)
Cuttack, Odisha, India
NationalityIndian
Alma mater Utkal University Bhubaneswar
Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar
Known for Experimental High Energy Physics
Awards Infosys Prize in Physical Sciences, 2021
S.S. Bhatnagar Award 2015
SwarnaJayanti Fellowship, 2010-11
INSA Young Scientist Medal, 2003
Scientific career
Fields Physics
Institutions National Institute of Science Education and Research, Jatani

Bedangadas Mohanty is an Indian physicist specialising in experimental high energy physics, and is affiliated to National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar. He has been awarded the Infosys Prize in Physical Sciences for 2021 that was announced on 2 December 2021. He was awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology in 2015, the highest science award in India, in the physical sciences category. [1] He has been elected as the fellow of the Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore and National Academy of Sciences, India. [2] In 2020, he was elected as a fellow of American Physical Society.

Contents

Career

Prof. Bedangadas Mohanty completed his BSc (Physics Honors) from Ranvenshaw College, Cuttack and MSc (Physics) from Utkal University, Bhubaneshwar. After finishing his PhD from Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar in 2002, he was a DAE K.S. Krishnan Fellow and Scientific Officer at Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre [3] till 2012. Meanwhile, he was a Post-Doctoral researcher at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in 2006–2007, and Spectra Physics Working Group Co-convenor of STAR Experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory from 2006 to 2008. Later in May 2008, he was selected as the Physics Analysis Coordinator of the STAR Experiment, with the responsibility to formulate the physics goals of the experiment, regulate and lead the publication of papers, maintenance of database, information and data records etc. From 2011 to 2014, he was the Deputy Spokesperson STAR Experiment, and was involved in taking all scientific and administrative decisions regarding function of the collaboration. He was the co-founder of the Beam Energy Scan Program at RHIC to study the QCD Phase Diagram. From 2012 onward, he has been the Council Member of STAR experiment at Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA. From 2013 onward, he has been the Collaboration Board Member of ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider Facility, CERN. From 2014, he has been the Editorial Board Member of ALICE at LHC, CERN. [4] He joined NISER in 2012 as an Associate Professor. He was the Chairperson of School of Physical Sciences from 2013 - 2018. Currently Professor, and Dean Faculty Affairs, NISER.[ citation needed ]

Research

Dr. Mohanty has contributed to the establishment of the quark-hadron transition and first direct comparison between experimental high energy heavy-ion collisions data and QCD calculations. [5] and "Physics World" considered it among the 10 best in the year 2011. [6] His work in the STAR experiment has led to an exciting possibility of the existence of a critical point in the phase diagram of QCD. One of this work established the observable for the critical point search in the experiment. [7] This is considered as a landmark work in the field. He has very successfully led the beam energy scan physics program in this direction to publish important scientific papers in Physical Review Letters related to the QCD Critical Point. [8] [9] He was instrumental in pushing for such a program at Quark Matter 2009. [10] Then demonstrated the readiness of the STAR detector and the Collider to undertake the proposed QCD critical point search and the exploration of the QCD phase diagram at RHIC. [11]

He has made significant contribution to the discovery of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) in the laboratory. This state of matter existed in the first few microsecond old Universe. In such matter, quarks and gluons are de-confined and move freely in volumes much larger than nucleonic scales. In order to achieve such matter in the laboratory, temperatures of the order of 1012 kelvins need to be created. The quark-gluon plasma allows for studying transport properties like viscosity, thermal conductivity, opacity and diffusion co-efficient of QCD matter. Dr. Mohanty has several significant papers on signatures that experimentally confirm the existence of QGP, related to observation of strangeness enhancement in heavy-ion collisions, [12] jet quenching effect, [13] [14] [15] and partonic collectivity. [16] [17]

Dr. Mohanty as the physics analysis coordinator of the STAR experiment led a team that discovered the heaviest known anti-matter nuclei the anti-alpha (consisting of two anti-protons and two anti-neutrons) in the laboratory. [18] This measurement provided the probability of production of anti-helium through nuclear interactions, thereby providing the predominant baseline for measurements carried out in space. As the physics analysis leader led a team that discovered the heaviest strange anti-matter nuclei. Normal nuclei are formed only of protons and neutrons. Hyper-nuclei are made up of proton, neutron and a hyperon. The anti-hypertrion, nuclei consists of anti-proton, anti-neutron and anti-lambda (a strange hadron). [19] It has implications for neutron stars and also understanding of the nuclear force. To study nuclei, scientists arrange the various nuclides into a two-dimensional table of nuclides. On one axis is the number of neutrons N, and on the other is the number of protons Z. Because of the discovery of antihyperon it introduces a third axis (strangeness) and the table has become three-dimensional.

J. D. Bjorken, Frank Wilczek and collaborators have advocated the existence of Disoriented Chiral Condensates (DCC) due to chiral phase transitions in QCD matter. The possibility of producing quark-gluon plasma in high energy collisions is an exciting one, from the point of view of observing the chiral phase transition as the hot plasma expands and cools. As the system returns to its normal phase it is possible for regions of misaligned vacuum to be produced. These domains, which are analogous to misaligned domains of a ferromagnet have been named Disoriented Chiral Condensates (DCCs). DCC's are regions where the chiral field is partially aligned in an isospin direction. These domains relax back to ground state configuration by emitting pions of particular species. Towards this goal and since neutral pion readily decays to photons, Dr. Mohanty has put in several years of dedicated efforts from his side to establish the photon production in heavy-ion collisions using a detector built in India and search for the signature of the chiral phase transition (through DCC). He is the lead author of the Physical Review Letters paper on inclusive photon production in heavy-ion collisions using the Indian detector. [20] His contribution to photon production and to the physics of DCC in heavy-ion collisions led to the invitation from the editorial board of Physics Reports to write a review article, at the young age of 30 years. [21]

Awards

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Proton</span> Subatomic particle with positive charge

A proton is a stable subatomic particle, symbol
p
, H+, or 1H+ with a positive electric charge of +1 e (elementary charge). Its mass is slightly less than the mass of a neutron and 1836 times the mass of an electron (the proton-to-electron mass ratio). Protons and neutrons, each with a mass of approximately one atomic mass unit, are jointly referred to as "nucleons" (particles present in atomic nuclei).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quantum chromodynamics</span> Theory of the strong nuclear interactions

In theoretical physics, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the study of the strong interaction between quarks mediated by gluons. Quarks are fundamental particles that make up composite hadrons such as the proton, neutron and pion. QCD is a type of quantum field theory called a non-abelian gauge theory, with symmetry group SU(3). The QCD analog of electric charge is a property called color. Gluons are the force carriers of the theory, just as photons are for the electromagnetic force in quantum electrodynamics. The theory is an important part of the Standard Model of particle physics. A large body of experimental evidence for QCD has been gathered over the years.

The up quark or u quark is the lightest of all quarks, a type of elementary particle, and a significant constituent of matter. It, along with the down quark, forms the neutrons and protons of atomic nuclei. It is part of the first generation of matter, has an electric charge of +⁠2/3⁠ e and a bare mass of 2.2+0.5
−0.4 MeV/c2. Like all quarks, the up quark is an elementary fermion with spin ⁠1/2⁠, and experiences all four fundamental interactions: gravitation, electromagnetism, weak interactions, and strong interactions. The antiparticle of the up quark is the up antiquark, which differs from it only in that some of its properties, such as charge have equal magnitude but opposite sign.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glueball</span> Hypothetical particle composed of gluons

In particle physics, a glueball is a hypothetical composite particle. It consists solely of gluon particles, without valence quarks. Such a state is possible because gluons carry color charge and experience the strong interaction between themselves. Glueballs are extremely difficult to identify in particle accelerators, because they mix with ordinary meson states. In pure gauge theory, glueballs are the only states of the spectrum and some of them are stable.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider</span> Particle accelerator at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York, USA

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider is the first and one of only two operating heavy-ion colliders, and the only spin-polarized proton collider ever built. Located at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in Upton, New York, and used by an international team of researchers, it is the only operating particle collider in the US. By using RHIC to collide ions traveling at relativistic speeds, physicists study the primordial form of matter that existed in the universe shortly after the Big Bang. By colliding spin-polarized protons, the spin structure of the proton is explored.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lattice QCD</span> Quantum chromodynamics on a lattice

Lattice QCD is a well-established non-perturbative approach to solving the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) theory of quarks and gluons. It is a lattice gauge theory formulated on a grid or lattice of points in space and time. When the size of the lattice is taken infinitely large and its sites infinitesimally close to each other, the continuum QCD is recovered.

Hadronization is the process of the formation of hadrons out of quarks and gluons. There are two main branches of hadronization: quark-gluon plasma (QGP) transformation and colour string decay into hadrons. The transformation of quark-gluon plasma into hadrons is studied in lattice QCD numerical simulations, which are explored in relativistic heavy-ion experiments. Quark-gluon plasma hadronization occurred shortly after the Big Bang when the quark–gluon plasma cooled down to the Hagedorn temperature when free quarks and gluons cannot exist. In string breaking new hadrons are forming out of quarks, antiquarks and sometimes gluons, spontaneously created from the vacuum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Two-photon physics</span> Branch of particle physics concerning interactions between two photons

Two-photon physics, also called gamma–gamma physics, is a branch of particle physics that describes the interactions between two photons. Normally, beams of light pass through each other unperturbed. Inside an optical material, and if the intensity of the beams is high enough, the beams may affect each other through a variety of non-linear effects. In pure vacuum, some weak scattering of light by light exists as well. Also, above some threshold of this center-of-mass energy of the system of the two photons, matter can be created.

In particle physics, the parton model is a model of hadrons, such as protons and neutrons, proposed by Richard Feynman. It is useful for interpreting the cascades of radiation produced from quantum chromodynamics (QCD) processes and interactions in high-energy particle collisions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Light front quantization</span> Technique in computational quantum field theory

The light-front quantization of quantum field theories provides a useful alternative to ordinary equal-time quantization. In particular, it can lead to a relativistic description of bound systems in terms of quantum-mechanical wave functions. The quantization is based on the choice of light-front coordinates, where plays the role of time and the corresponding spatial coordinate is . Here, is the ordinary time, is one Cartesian coordinate, and is the speed of light. The other two Cartesian coordinates, and , are untouched and often called transverse or perpendicular, denoted by symbols of the type . The choice of the frame of reference where the time and -axis are defined can be left unspecified in an exactly soluble relativistic theory, but in practical calculations some choices may be more suitable than others.

In particle physics, the odderon corresponds to an elusive family of odd-gluon states, dominated by a three-gluon state. When protons collide elastically with other protons or with anti-protons at high energies, gluons are exchanged. Exchanging an even number of gluons is a crossing-even part of elastic proton–proton and proton–antiproton scattering, while odderon exchange corresponds to a crossing-odd term in the elastic scattering amplitude. In turn, the odderon's crossing-odd counterpart is the pomeron.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quark–gluon plasma</span> Phase of quantum chromodynamics (QCD)

Quark–gluon plasma is an interacting localized assembly of quarks and gluons at thermal and chemical (abundance) equilibrium. The word plasma signals that free color charges are allowed. In a 1987 summary, Léon Van Hove pointed out the equivalence of the three terms: quark gluon plasma, quark matter and a new state of matter. Since the temperature is above the Hagedorn temperature—and thus above the scale of light u,d-quark mass—the pressure exhibits the relativistic Stefan-Boltzmann format governed by temperature to the fourth power and many practically massless quark and gluon constituents. It can be said that QGP emerges to be the new phase of strongly interacting matter which manifests its physical properties in terms of nearly free dynamics of practically massless gluons and quarks. Both quarks and gluons must be present in conditions near chemical (yield) equilibrium with their colour charge open for a new state of matter to be referred to as QGP.

A strangelet is a hypothetical particle consisting of a bound state of roughly equal numbers of up, down, and strange quarks. An equivalent description is that a strangelet is a small fragment of strange matter, small enough to be considered a particle. The size of an object composed of strange matter could, theoretically, range from a few femtometers across to arbitrarily large. Once the size becomes macroscopic, such an object is usually called a strange star. The term "strangelet" originates with Edward Farhi and Robert Jaffe in 1984. It has been theorized that strangelets can convert matter to strange matter on contact. Strangelets have also been suggested as a dark matter candidate.

Relativistic heavy-ion collisions produce very large numbers of subatomic particles in all directions. In such collisions, flow refers to how energy, momentum, and number of these particles varies with direction, and elliptic flow is a measure of how the flow is not uniform in all directions when viewed along the beam-line. Elliptic flow is strong evidence for the existence of quark–gluon plasma, and has been described as one of the most important observations measured at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Light front holography</span> Technique used to determine mass of hadrons

In strong interaction physics, light front holography or light front holographic QCD is an approximate version of the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) which results from mapping the gauge theory of QCD to a higher-dimensional anti-de Sitter space (AdS) inspired by the AdS/CFT correspondence proposed for string theory. This procedure makes it possible to find analytic solutions in situations where strong coupling occurs, improving predictions of the masses of hadrons and their internal structure revealed by high-energy accelerator experiments. The most widely used approach to finding approximate solutions to the QCD equations, lattice QCD, has had many successful applications; however, it is a numerical approach formulated in Euclidean space rather than physical Minkowski space-time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terry Wyatt</span> British scientist

Terence Richard Wyatt is a Professor in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester, UK.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Light-front quantization applications</span> Quantization procedure in quantum field theory

The light-front quantization of quantum field theories provides a useful alternative to ordinary equal-time quantization. In particular, it can lead to a relativistic description of bound systems in terms of quantum-mechanical wave functions. The quantization is based on the choice of light-front coordinates, where plays the role of time and the corresponding spatial coordinate is . Here, is the ordinary time, Failed to parse : {\displaystyle z} is a Cartesian coordinate, and is the speed of light. The other two Cartesian coordinates, and , are untouched and often called transverse or perpendicular, denoted by symbols of the type . The choice of the frame of reference where the time and -axis are defined can be left unspecified in an exactly soluble relativistic theory, but in practical calculations some choices may be more suitable than others. The basic formalism is discussed elsewhere.

STARlight is a computer simulation event generator program to simulate ultra-peripheral collisions among relativistic nuclei. It simulates both photonuclear and two-photon interactions. It can simulate multiple interactions among a single ion pair, such as vector meson photoproduction accompanied by mutual Coulomb excitation.

Olga Evdokimov is a Russian born professor of physics at the University of Illinois, Chicago (UIC). She is a High Energy Nuclear Physicist, who currently collaborates on two international experiments; the Solenoidal Tracker At RHIC (STAR) experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York and the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the LHC, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.

Blayne Ryan Heckel is an American experimental physicist, known for his research involving precision measurements in atomic physics and gravitational physics. He is now a professor emeritus at the University of Washington in Seattle.

References

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  10. ↑ Mohanty, Bedangadas (2009). "QCD Phase Diagram: Phase Transition, Critical Point and Fluctuations". Nuclear Physics A. 830 (1–4): 899c–907c. arXiv: 0907.4476 . Bibcode:2009NuPhA.830..899M. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.10.132. S2CID   17978308.
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  13. ↑ Abelev, B. I.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Anderson, B. D.; Anderson, M.; Arkhipkin, D.; Averichev, G. S.; Bai, Y.; Balewski, J.; Barannikova, O.; Barnby, L. S.; Baudot, J.; Bekele, S.; Belaga, V. V.; Bellingeri-Laurikainen, A.; Bellwied, R.; Benedosso, F.; Bhardwaj, S.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bichsel, H.; Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Bland, L. C.; Blyth, S-L.; Bonner, B. E.; Botje, M.; Bouchet, J.; Brandin, A. V.; et al. (2006). "Identified Baryon and Meson Distributions at Large Transverse Momenta from Au+Au Collisions atsNN=200 GeV". Physical Review Letters. 97 (15): 152301. arXiv: nucl-ex/0606003 . Bibcode:2006PhRvL..97o2301A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.152301. PMID   17155321. S2CID   119327362.
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  18. ↑ Agakishiev, H.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Alakhverdyants, A. V.; Alekseev, I.; Alford, J.; Anderson, B. D.; Anson, C. D.; Arkhipkin, D.; Averichev, G. S.; Balewski, J.; Beavis, D. R.; Behera, N. K.; Bellwied, R.; Betancourt, M. J.; Betts, R. R.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bichsel, H.; Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Biritz, B.; Bland, L. C.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Borowski, W.; Bouchet, J.; Braidot, E.; Brandin, A. V.; Bridgeman, A.; et al. (2011). "Observation of the antimatter helium-4 nucleus". Nature. 473 (7347): 353–6. arXiv: 1103.3312 . Bibcode:2011Natur.473..353S. doi:10.1038/nature10079. PMID   21516103. S2CID   118484566.
  19. ↑ Abelev, B. I.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Alakhverdyants, A. V.; Alekseev, I.; Anderson, B. D.; Arkhipkin, D.; Averichev, G. S.; Balewski, J.; Barnby, L. S.; Baumgart, S.; Beavis, D. R.; Bellwied, R.; Betancourt, M. J.; Betts, R. R.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bichsel, H.; Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Biritz, B.; Bland, L. C.; Bonner, B. E.; Bouchet, J.; Braidot, E.; Brandin, A. V.; Bridgeman, A.; Bruna, E.; Bueltmann, S.; et al. (2010). "Observation of an Antimatter Hypernucleus". Science. 328 (5974): 58–62. arXiv: 1003.2030 . Bibcode:2010Sci...328...58.. doi:10.1126/science.1183980. PMID   20203011. S2CID   206524312.
  20. ↑ Adams, J.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Amonett, J.; Anderson, B. D.; Arkhipkin, D.; Averichev, G. S.; Badyal, S. K.; Bai, Y.; Balewski, J.; Barannikova, O.; Barnby, L. S.; Baudot, J.; Bekele, S.; Belaga, V. V.; Bellingeri-Laurikainen, A.; Bellwied, R.; Berger, J.; Bezverkhny, B. I.; Bhardwaj, S.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bichsel, H.; Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Billmeier, A.; Bland, L. C.; Blyth, C. O.; Blyth, S.; et al. (2005). "Multiplicity and Pseudorapidity Distributions of Photons in Au+Au Collisions atsNN=62.4 GeV". Physical Review Letters. 95 (6): 062301. arXiv: nucl-ex/0502008 . Bibcode:2005PhRvL..95f2301A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.062301. PMID   16090941. S2CID   119516873.
  21. ↑ Mohanty, B.; Serreau, J. (2005). "Disoriented chiral condensate: Theory and experiment". Physics Reports. 414 (6): 263–358. arXiv: hep-ph/0504154 . Bibcode:2005PhR...414..263M. doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2005.04.004. S2CID   119527016.
  22. ↑ "Infosys Prize - Laureates 2021 - Prof. Bedangadas Mohanty". www.infosys-science-foundation.com. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  23. ↑ https://www.aps.org/
  24. ↑ "Intensification of Research in High Priority Area (IRHPA): Science and Engineering Research Board, Established through an Act of Parliament: SERB Act 2008, Department of Science & Technology, Government of India".
  25. ↑ "Swarnajayanti Fellowships Scheme | Department of Science & Technology".
  26. ↑ "BRNS GMS". Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  27. ↑ "Associateship | Fellowship | Indian Academy of Sciences".
  28. ↑ https://daebrns.gov.in/brns_fellowship.php%5B%5D
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