Bentinck Street Elm Trees

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Bentinck Street Elm Trees
Bentinck Street Elm Trees 2.jpg
Bentinck Street elm trees, pictured in late winter 2018.
LocationBentinck Street, Bathurst, Bathurst Region, New South Wales, Australia
Coordinates 33°25′06″S149°35′03″E / 33.4183°S 149.5841°E / -33.4183; 149.5841 Coordinates: 33°25′06″S149°35′03″E / 33.4183°S 149.5841°E / -33.4183; 149.5841
OwnerBathurst Regional Council
Official name: Bentinck Street Elm Trees
Typestate heritage (landscape)
Designated2 April 1999
Reference no.369
TypeTree groups - street
CategoryParks, Gardens and Trees
Australia New South Wales relief location map.png
Red pog.svg
Location of Bentinck Street Elm Trees in New South Wales

The Bentinck Street Elm Trees is a heritage-listed row of street trees at Bentinck Street, Bathurst, Bathurst Region, New South Wales, Australia. The property is owned by Bathurst Regional Council (Local Government). It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. [1]

Contents

History

The Bentinck Street elms were planted around 1904 and later pollarded. [1]

English elms were favoured/ planted between c.1880 and c.1920 - corresponding with the date of Bentinck Street's elms. Elms are a defining tree of the c. – c.1900 ('Federation') era in Bathurst and a number of inland Australian and NSW country towns of this period (e.g.: Ballarat, Bendigo, Albury, Orange, Wagga Wagga). They were a favoured species of street tree in the second Municipal Street Tree Period in NSW (c.1880-1920). Key Bathurst parks such as Machattie Park, and "competing" parks such as Robertson and Cook Parks, Orange all feature magnificent, mature English elms. [1]

It is significant that downtown Bathurst is characterised by mature elms - as is its chief historical rival, downtown Goulburn. These are the two major early inland cities of NSW. [2] [1]

In 1984 the Bathurst Action Committee to Secure Unified Planning (BACSUP) contacted the Heritage Council in regard to a proposed 7 lane roadway traffice enhancement scheme that would lead to the removal of 20 elm trees along Bentick Street. [1]

After discussions and meetings with Bathurst Council and consideration of the trees streetscape and historic significance a section 136 Order was signed and placed on 16 trees on 22 August 1994. [1]

At the 6 September 1984 Heritage Council meeting, Bathurst Council presented a detailed submission and discussed alternative solutions to the proposed 7 lane roadway. The Heritage Council resolved to engage an independent consultant acceptable to both the Heritage Council and Bathurst City Council to provide advice on alternative road reconstruction proposals, with consideration of the heritage value of the street trees. The Heritage Council also resolved to recommend to the Minister the making of an Interim Conservation Order be placed over the trees. The Order was gazetted on 14 September 1984. [1]

In late 1984 three separate section 60 applications were subsequently received. One application was to remove all 16 trees, the second to undercut the trees to a clearance of 5.3 metres and the third to trim the trees. After consideration the Heritage Council resolved to approve the removal of trees on the western side of Bentinck street, approve undercutting to a maximum height of 4.8 metres above the road and approve the application to trim the trees. [1]

At its meeting of 6 December 1984 the Heritage Council resolved that it considered it necessary to ensure the trees' future to recommend to the Minister that a Permanent Conservation Order be placed on the 16 elm trees. [1]

An exemption under section 57(2) of the Heritage Actwas approved in for periodic regravelling, emergency and routine work to water mains and electrical installations and routine pruning. [1]

A Permanent Conservation Order was placed on 16 August 1985. The trees were transferred to the State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 (Heritage Office files). [1]

Description

Bentinck Street Elm Trees, late winter 2018 Bentinck Street Elm Trees 1.jpg
Bentinck Street Elm Trees, late winter 2018

The Bentinck Street English elms ( Ulmus procera) form a healthy, evenly spaced avenue of trees of uniform growth to a height of approximately 9-12 metres. The trees are an English elm (Ulmus procera) and are often used as an ornamental tree for parks and large gardens and it is deciduous. There are 13 on the eastern side and 3 on the western side of Bentinck Street between Howick and Durham Streets (Heritage Office files). [1]

There is a row of thirteen mature elm trees on the eastern side of Bentinck Street (Carrington Park) & three recently planted trees on the western side of Bentinck Street. [3] [1]

Heritage listing

The mature Bentinck Street English elms were planted about 1900. They make a significant contribution to the historic townscape of Bathurst. [1]

Bentinck Street Elm Trees was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. [1]

See also

Related Research Articles

Bathurst, New South Wales City in New South Wales, Australia

Bathurst is a city in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. It is about 200 kilometres (120 mi) west-northwest of Sydney and is the seat of the Bathurst Regional Council. Bathurst is the oldest inland settlement in Australia and had a population of 36,801 at June 2018.

<i>Ulmus minor</i> Atinia species of plant

The field elm cultivar 'Atinia' , commonly known as the English elm, formerly common elm and horse may, and more lately the Atinian elm was, before the spread of Dutch elm disease, the most common field elm in central southern England, though not native there, and one of the largest and fastest-growing deciduous trees in Europe. R. H. Richens noted that elm populations exist in north-west Spain and northern Portugal, and on the Mediterranean coast of France that "closely resemble the English elm" and appear to be "trees of long standing" in those regions rather than recent introductions. Augustine Henry had earlier noted that the supposed English elms planted extensively in the Royal Park at Aranjuez from the late 16th century onwards, specimens said to have been introduced from England by Philip II and "differing in no respects from the English elm in England", behaved as native trees in Spain. He suggested that the tree "may be a true native of Spain, indigenous in the alluvial plains of the great rivers, now almost completely deforested".

<i>Ulmus rubra</i> species of plant

Ulmus rubra, the slippery elm, is a species of elm native to eastern North America, ranging from southeast North Dakota, east to Maine and southern Quebec, south to northernmost Florida, and west to eastern Texas, where it thrives in moist uplands, although it will also grow in dry, intermediate soils. Other common names include red elm, gray elm, soft elm, moose elm, and Indian elm. The tree was first named as part of Ulmus americana in 1753, but identified as a separate species, Ulmus rubra, in 1793 by Pennsylvania botanist Gotthilf Muhlenberg. The slightly later name U. fulva, published by French botanist André Michaux in 1803, is still widely used in dietary-supplement and alternative-medicine information.

Treasury Gardens park in Australia

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<i>Ulmus</i> × <i>hollandica</i> Vegeta

Ulmus × hollandica 'Vegeta', sometimes known as the Huntingdon Elm, is an old English hybrid cultivar raised at Brampton, near Huntingdon, by nurserymen Wood & Ingram in 1746, allegedly from seed collected from an Ulmus × hollandica hybrid at nearby Hinchingbrooke Park. The tree was given the epithet 'Vegeta' by Loudon, a name previously accorded the Chichester Elm by Donn, as Loudon considered the two trees identical. The latter is indeed a similar cultivar, but raised much earlier in the 18th century from a tree growing at Chichester Hall, Rawreth in Essex.

<i>Ulmus</i> × <i>hollandica</i> Major cultivar of plant

Ulmus × hollandica 'Major' is a distinctive cultivar that in England came to be known specifically as theDutch Elm, although all naturally occurring Field Elm Ulmus minor × Wych Elm U. glabra hybrids are loosely termed 'Dutch elm'. It is also known by the cultivar name 'Hollandica'. Helen Bancroft considered 'Major' either an F2 hybrid or a backcrossing with one of its parents.

<i>Ulmus</i> Purpurea species of plant

The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Purpurea', the purple-leaved elm, was listed and described as Ulmus Stricta Purpurea, the 'Upright Purpled-leaved Elm', by John Frederick Wood, F.H.S., in The Midland Florist and Suburban Horticulturist (1851), as Ulmus purpureaHort. by Wesmael (1863), and as Ulmus campestris var. purpurea, syn. Ulmus purpureaHort. by Petzold and Kirchner in Arboretum Muscaviense (1864). Koch's description followed (1872), the various descriptions appearing to tally. Henry (1913) noted that the Ulmus campestris var. purpureaPetz. & Kirchn. grown at Kew as U. montana var. purpurea was "probably of hybrid origin", Ulmus montana being used at the time both for wych elm cultivars and for some of the U. × hollandica group. His description of Kew's U. montana var. purpurea matches that of the commonly-planted 'Purpurea' of the 20th century. His discussion of it (1913) under U. campestris, however, his name for English Elm, may be the reason why 'Purpurea' is sometimes erroneously called U. procera 'Purpurea' (as in USA and Sweden.

<i>Ulmus</i> Louis van Houtte

Ulmus 'Louis van Houtte' is believed to have been first cultivated in Ghent, Belgium circa 1863. It was first mentioned by Franz Deegen in 1886. It was once thought a cultivar of English Elm Ulmus minor 'Atinia', though this derivation has long been questioned; W. J. Bean called it "an elm of uncertain status". Its dissimilarity from the type and its Belgian provenance make the 'Atinia' attribution unlikely. Fontaine (1968) considered it probably a form of U. × hollandica.

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The cultivation of elms in Australia began in the first half of the 19th century when British settlers imported species from their former homelands. Owing to the demise of elms in the northern hemisphere as a result of the Dutch elm disease pandemic, the mature trees in Australia's parks and gardens are now regarded as amongst the most significant in the world.

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<i>Ulmus minor</i> Viminalis

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "Bentinck Street Elm Trees". New South Wales State Heritage Register . Office of Environment and Heritage. H00369. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  2. Stuart Read, pers.comm., interpreting Dept. of Planning, 1990, Appendix 3 - chronology of street tree eras and extent of species used in NSW
  3. Heritage Study, 1991

Bibliography

Attribution

CC-BY-icon-80x15.png This Wikipedia article was originally based on Bentinck Street Elm Trees , entry number 00369 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales and Office of Environment and Heritage 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence , accessed on 1 June 2018.

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