Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent

Last updated

Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent
Born (1949-07-07) 7 July 1949 (age 74)
Béziers, France
Education École normale supérieure de Fontenay-aux-Roses
Alma mater University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne
Occupation(s)Philosopher, Historian of science
Employer(s) Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Paris Nanterre University; University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne
SpouseOlivier Bensaude
Awards Dexter Award (1997)
George Sarton Medal (2021)

Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent (born 7 July 1949) is a French philosopher, historian and historian of science and a professor emeritus at University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne. She considers the study of the history of science to be essential for "understanding scientific research as a multi-dimensional endeavor embedded in a cultural context and with societal and cultural impacts." [1]

Contents

Bensaude-Vincent has published more than a dozen books and 80 articles and essays. [2] She focuses particularly on the histories of chemistry and materials science. In 1993, she published Histoire de la chimie with Isabelle Stengers, for which they received the Prix Jean-Rostand. It was translated as A History of Chemistry in 1996. In 1997, she received the Dexter Award for her work on the history of science. [3] Her address, on receiving the award, was entitled "A Language to Order the Chaos". [4]

Education

Bensaude-Vincent was born in Béziers on 7 July 1949. She studied at the École normale supérieure de Fontenay-aux-Roses from 1968 to 1971. She earned a degree in philosophy in 1970, an Associate of Philosophy degree (Agrégation de philosophie) in 1971 and a Doctorate of Letters and Human Sciences as of 1981 from the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne. [1]

Research

Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent studies the philosophy and history of chemistry and of materials science. [5] She examines patterns of communication and the ways in which scientific language has been constructed, [6] [7] the relationships between science and the public, [8] [9] [10] [11] and the impact of science and technology on ethics and society. [1] Her work has been praised for both its diversity of themes and its originality and methodological depth. [12]

Bensaude-Vincent is particularly concerned with emerging technologies such as nanotechnologies and synthetic biology and with the philosophy of technoscience, [13] [14] She writes about positivism and the tradition of French epistemology. She has paid particular attention to Paul Langevin [15] [16] [17] and Emile Meyerson. [18] [19]

Career

Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent worked as a teacher of philosophy from 1972–1982, [1] at the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie (CSI) from 1982–1986, [1] and as an assistant professor at Université Paris X, France (now Paris Nanterre University) from 1989–1994. [1] In 1993, she published Histoire de la chimie with Isabelle Stengers, which was translated into English as A History of Chemistry in 1997. [20] Bensaude-Vincent and Stengers received the Prix Jean-Rostand for this work. [21]

In the early 1990s, Bensaude-Vincent directed a research program on science and the public, supported by the Center for Research in the History of Science at the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie (CSI), [1] working with Anne Rasmussen. [22] This resulted in the publication of La science populaire dans la presse et l'édition: XIXe et XX (1997) edited by Bensaude-Vincent and Rasmussen. [23] [24]

From 1993 to 1997, Bensaude-Vincent led a team within the framework of the European Program on "The Evolution of Chemistry (1789–1939)" of the European Science Foundation. [1] From 1995–1997, she was a researcher at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of the Centre d'Histoire des Sciences et des Techniques, Paris. [1] Her work with the European Science Foundation resulted in the publication of "a particularly productive comparative analysis" of scientific education and the development of chemistry textbooks in European countries in the late 18th and 19th centuries, Communicating chemistry: textbooks and their audiences, 1789–1939 (2000). [25] [26]

In 1997, Bensaude-Vincent became a Professor of History and Philosophy of Science and the Chair of the Department of Philosophy at Université Paris-X Nanterre. She remained there until 2010. [1] In 1999, she became Chair of the doctoral program in History of Philosophy, and History and Philosophy of Science. [1] [27]

From 2000 to 2003, Bensaude-Vincent led the Materials Research sub-project, part of the History of Recent Science and Technology (HRST) project at the Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology at MIT. [28]

From 2005 to 2008, Bensaude-Vincent coordinated a research program on "Nanobioethics", the ethics of nanobiotechnology, for France's Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR). This work examined the epistemology and ethics of nanotechnology, cloning and bioinformatics. [29] In the resulting book, Les vertiges de la technoscience. Façonner le monde atome par atome (2009), she suggests that technoscience is a new model, requiring re-examination of our concepts of scientific discovery. She calls for a new alliance between science and ethics. [30]

Beginning in 2009, Bensaude-Vincent co-directed a joint ANR/DFG project on the "Genesis and Ontology of Technoscientific Objects" (GOTO), working with Sacha Loeve in France and Astrid Schwarz and Alfred Nordmann in Germany. [31] The project sought to distinguish between science and technoscience, and resulted in the edited work Research Objects in their Technological Setting (2017). [32]

From 2010 to 2015, Bensaude-Vincent was a professor at the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne and the director of The Center for Study of Technology, Knowledge & Practice (Centre d'étude des techniques, des connaissances et des pratiques, CETCOPRA). [33]

In addition, Bensaude-Vincent has been a visiting professor at the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (1994), [1] the University of Bielefeld (1996) [1] the University of Vienna (1997, 1999), [1] the University of Geneva (1998), [1] [27] the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (2003), [1] the Universidad de Valencia (2004), [1] the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (2008), and a visiting scholar at Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin (2001). [1] [27]

Through her involvement with Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and with Science and Technology in the European Periphery (STEP), Bensaude-Vincent has helped to develop a community of historians of science in Portugal. [14]

Bensaude-Vincent chaired section 72 of the Conseil national des universités (CNU, National Council of Universities), France. [1] She is a member of the French Academy of Technologies (Académie des technologies), [1] and a senior member of the Institut universitaire de France. [34] She served as the Vice President for professional and disciplinary history, on the Commission on the History of Modern Chemistry (CHMC) of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science. [35] She has served on the Ethics Committee of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) [1] and The INRAE-CIRAD-IFREMER-IRD Joint Ethics Committee. [36]

Partial bibliography

Awards and honors

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marcellin Berthelot</span> French chemist and politician (1827–1907)

Pierre Eugène Marcellin Berthelot was a French chemist and Republican politician noted for the Thomsen–Berthelot principle of thermochemistry. He synthesized many organic compounds from inorganic substances, providing a large amount of counter-evidence to the theory of Jöns Jakob Berzelius that organic compounds required organisms in their synthesis. Berthelot was convinced that chemical synthesis would revolutionize the food industry by the year 2000, and that synthesized foods would replace farms and pastures. "Why not", he asked, "if it proved cheaper and better to make the same materials than to grow them?"

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antoine-François de Fourcroy</span> French chemist

Antoine François Fourcroy was a French chemist and a contemporary of Antoine Lavoisier. Fourcroy collaborated with Lavoisier, Guyton de Morveau, and Claude Berthollet on the Méthode de nomenclature chimique, a work that helped standardize chemical nomenclature.

<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Grande école</i></span> French institutions of higher education

A grande école is a specialized top-level educational institution in France. Grandes écoles are part of an alternative educational system that operates alongside the mainstream French public university system and are dedicated to teaching, research and professional training in single academic fields such as engineering, architecture, business administration, academic research, or public policy and administration.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jean-Antoine Chaptal</span> French chemist and physician

Jean-Antoine Chaptal, comte de Chanteloup was a French chemist, physician, agronomist, industrialist, statesman, educator and philanthropist. His multifaceted career unfolded during one of the most brilliant periods in French science. In chemistry it was the time of Antoine Lavoisier, Claude-Louis Berthollet, Louis Guyton de Morveau, Antoine-François Fourcroy and Joseph Gay-Lussac. Chaptal made his way into this elite company in Paris beginning in the 1780s, and established his credentials as a serious scientist most definitely with the publication of his first major scientific treatise, the Ėléments de chimie. His treatise brought the term "nitrogen" into the revolutionary new chemical nomenclature developed by Lavoisier. By 1795, at the newly established École Polytechnique in Paris, Chaptal shared the teaching of courses in pure and applied chemistry with Claude-Louis Berthollet, the doyen of the science. In 1798, Chaptal was elected a member of the prestigious Chemistry Section of the Institut de France. He became president of the section in 1802 soon after Napoleon appointed him Minister of Interior. Chaptal was a key figure in the early industrialization in France under Napoleon and during the Bourbon Restoration. He was a founder and first president in 1801 of the important Society for the Encouragement of National Industry and a key organizer of industrial expositions held in Paris in 1801 and subsequent years. He compiled a valuable study, De l'industrie française (1819), surveying the condition and needs of French industry in the early 1800s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles</span> French undergraduate education prior to entering grandes écoles

The classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles (CPGE), commonly called classes prépas or prépas, are part of the French post-secondary education system. They consist of two years of study which act as an intensive preparatory course with the main goal of training students for enrolment in one of the grandes écoles. The workload is one of the highest in Europe(29 to 45 contact hours a week, with up to 10 hours of guided tutorials and oral exam sessions).

Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, or simply Comptes rendus, is a French scientific journal that has been published since 1835. It is the proceedings of the French Academy of Sciences. It is currently split into seven sections, published on behalf of the Academy by Elsevier: Mathématique, Mécanique, Physique, Géoscience, Palévol, Chimie, and Biologies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Isabelle Stengers</span> Belgian philosopher of science and scientist

Isabelle Stengers is a Belgian philosopher, noted for her work in the philosophy of science. Trained as a chemist, she has collaborated with Russian-Belgian chemist Ilya Prigogine and French philosopher/sociologist Bruno Latour among others, and has written widely on the history of science as well as philosophers such as Gilles Deleuze, Alfred North Whitehead, Donna Haraway, and Michel Serres.

ParisTech is a cluster that brings together 7 renowned grandes écoles based in Paris, France. It covers the whole spectrum of science, technology and management and has more than 12.000 students.

Gilbert Hottois was a Belgian professor of philosophy at the Université Libre de Bruxelles who specialised in Bioethics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">École nationale supérieure de chimie de Lille</span>

The École nationale supérieure de chimie de Lille was founded in 1894 as the Institut de chimie de Lille. It is part of the Community of Universities and Institutions (COMUE) Lille Nord de France.

<i>Annales de chimie et de physique</i> Academic journal

Annales de chimie et de physique is a scientific journal founded in Paris, France, in 1789 under the title Annales de chimie. One of the early editors was the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier. Lavoisier, an aristocrat, was guillotined in May 1794, ostensibly for tax fraud: and the journal was not published from 1794 to 1796 while the Reign of Terror was at its height under the French Directory.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paris Sciences et Lettres University</span> French university created in 2019

Paris Sciences et Lettres University is a public research university based in Paris, France. It was established in 2010 and formally created as a university in 2019. It is a collegiate university with 11 constituent schools, with the oldest founded in 1530. PSL is located in central Paris, with its main sites in the Latin Quarter, at the Montagne Sainte-Geneviève campus, at the Jourdan campus, at Porte Dauphine, and at Carré Richelieu.

The history of the Haber process begins with the invention of the Haber process at the dawn of the twentieth century. The process allows the economical fixation of atmospheric dinitrogen in the form of ammonia, which in turn allows for the industrial synthesis of various explosives and nitrogen fertilizers, and is probably the most important industrial process developed during the twentieth century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monique Canto-Sperber</span> French philosopher

Monique Canto-Sperber is a French philosopher. Her works, translated in several languages, are focused on ethics and contemporary political issues. A former Director of the École normale supérieure from 2005 to 2012, she has been President of Paris Sciences et Lettres – Quartier latin, a French higher education and research institution, since 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lawrence M. Principe</span>

Lawrence M. Principe is the Drew Professor of the Humanities at Johns Hopkins University in the Department of History of Science and Technology and the Department of Chemistry. He is also currently the Director of the Charles Singleton Center for the Study of Premodern Europe, an interdisciplinary center for research at Johns Hopkins. He is the first recipient of the Francis Bacon Medal for significant contributions to the history of science. Principe's research has been supported by the National Science Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the American Philosophical Society, the Chemical Heritage Foundation, and a 2015-2016 Guggenheim Fellowship. Principe is recognized as one of the foremost experts in the history of alchemy.

Hélène Metzger was a French philosopher of science and historian of science. In her writings she focused mainly on the history of chemistry. She was murdered in the Holocaust.

Ursula Klein is a German historian of science known for her cross-disciplinary work on the historical emergence of scientific and technological knowledge. She is a senior research scholar at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin, Germany. Her work has shown how experimentalists created specialised information technologies called "paper tools" to generate new knowledge systems. Her interpretation of such tools has been widely applied by historians, philosophers and sociologists of science and technology, and is seen as marking a foundational change in scientific reasoning and practice in the history of chemistry in the early 19th century. She holds that there is no clear dividing line between science and technology, oftentimes using the term "technoscience" to represent the historical interface between scientific reasoning and the material forms of knowledge produced within specialised industrial or medical settings. In 2016 she received the HIST Award for Outstanding Achievement in the History of Chemistry from the American Chemical Society.

Jacques Etienne Bérard was a French naturalist, chemist and physicist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anne Fagot-Largeault</span>

Anne Fagot-Largeault, born on September 22, 1938, in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, is a French philosopher, honorary professor at the Collège de France, psychiatrist at the Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, and a member of the French Academy of sciences since 2002.

Andrée Marquet, is a French chemist specializing in organic chemistry and chemical biology, professor emeritus at the Pierre and Marie Curie University and correspondent at the French Academy of sciences since 1993.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 "Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent (1949–" (PDF). Division of History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society. 2006.
  2. ↑ "Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent Publications". History of Recent Science and Technology. Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology, MIT. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  3. 1 2 "DEXTER AWARD FOR OUTSTANDING ACHIEVEMENT IN THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY". American Chemical Society Division of the History of Chemistry. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  4. ↑ Bensaude-Vincent, Bernadette (1999). "A Language to Order the Chaos" (PDF). Bull. Hist. Chem. 23: 1–10. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  5. ↑ Bensaude-Vincent, Bernadette; Hessenbruch, Arne (June 2004). "Materials science: a field about to explode?". Nature Materials. 3 (6): 345–347. doi:10.1038/nmat1140.
  6. ↑ Nye, Mary Jo (28 October 2002). "Introduction". In Nye, Mary Jo (ed.). The Cambridge History of Science, Volume 5: The Modern Physical and Mathematical Sciences. Cambridge University Press. p. 6. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  7. ↑ Bensaude-Vincent, Bernadette (28 October 2002). "9. Languages in Chemistry". In Nye, Mary Jo (ed.). The Cambridge History of Science, Volume 5: The Modern Physical and Mathematical Sciences. Cambridge University Press. pp. 174–190. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  8. ↑ Papanelopoulou, Faidra (13 July 2009). Popularizing science and technology in the European periphery, 1800–2000 (1st ed.). Ashgate Pub. pp. 36–37. ISBN   0754662691 . Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  9. ↑ Fox, Robert (2012). The Savant and the State: Science and Cultural Politics in Nineteenth-Century France (The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 415. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  10. ↑ Brooke, John Hedley (2000). "Introduction: The study of chemical textbooks". In Lundgren, Anders; Bensaude-Vincent, Bernadette (eds.). Communicating chemistry: textbooks and their audiences, 1789–1939. Canton, MA: Science History Publications/USA. p. 13. ISBN   0-88135-274-8 . Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  11. ↑ Bensaude-Vincent, Bernadette (January 2001). "A Genealogy of the Increasing Gap between Science and the Public". Public Understanding of Science. 10 (1): 99–113. doi:10.1088/0963-6625/10/1/307 . Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  12. ↑ "Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent honoris causa pela ULisboa". Ciências ULisboa. 27 February 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
  13. ↑ Llored, Jean-Pierre (2013). The Philosophy of Chemistry: Practices, Methodologies, and Concepts. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 8, 330–341.
  14. 1 2 3 "Honoris Causa Doctorate to Bernardette Bensaude-Vincent". CIUHCT  [ pt ]. 15 January 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
  15. ↑ Canales, Jimena (2015). The Physicist and the Philosopher: Einstein, Bergson, and the Debate That Changed Our Understanding of Time . Princeton University Press. pp.  375 . Retrieved 13 March 2020.
  16. ↑ Lettevall, Rebecka; Somsen, Geert; Widmalm, Sven, eds. (2012). Neutrality in Twentieth-century Europe: Intersections of Science, Culture and Politics after the First World War. New York, London: Routledge. p. 155. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
  17. ↑ Bensaude-Vincent, Bernadette (1987). Langevin, 1872–1946: science et vigilance. Belin.
  18. ↑ Stadler, Friedrich (2010). The Present Situation in the Philosophy of Science. London; New York: Springer. p. 49.
  19. ↑ Bensaude-Vincent, Bernadette; Telkes, Eva (2016). Les identités multiples d'Emile Meyerson. Honoré Champion éditeur.
  20. ↑ "Book Reviews: A History of Chemistry" (PDF). Bull. Hist. Chem. 24: 69–71. 1999. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  21. 1 2 3 "Prix Jean Rostand". Le Soir. 10 May 1993. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  22. ↑ "BENSAUDE-VINCENT, Bernadette". Département de philosophie (UFR PHILLIA). Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  23. ↑ Topham, Jonathan R. (June 2009). "Introduction" (PDF). Isis. 100 (2): 310–318. doi:10.1086/599551 . Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  24. ↑ Bensaude-Vincent, Bernadette; Rasmussen, Anne (1997). La science populaire dans la presse et l'édition: XIXe et XXe siècles. Paris: CNRS Editions. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  25. ↑ Arabatzis, Theodore; Renn, Jürgen; Simoes, Ana, eds. (2015). Relocating the history of science: essays in honor of Kostas Gavroglu. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 160–163. ISBN   978-3-319-14553-2 . Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  26. ↑ Lundgren, Anders; Bensaude-Vincent, Bernadette, eds. (2000). Communicating chemistry: textbooks and their audiences, 1789–1939. Canton, MA: Science History Publications/USA. ISBN   0-88135-274-8 . Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  27. 1 2 3 4 "Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent distinctions". History of Recent Science and Technology. Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology, MIT. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  28. ↑ Hessenbruch, Arne (2006). "15. The Mutt historian". In Doel, Ronald E.; Söderqvist, Thomas (eds.). The historiography of contemporary science, technology, and medicine: writing recent science. London and New York: Routledge. p. 279. ISBN   978-0415391429 . Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  29. ↑ "Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent". TU Darmstadt. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  30. ↑ Jullien, Vincent (20 January 2010). "Technosciences, un nouveau régime ?". La Vie des idées. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  31. ↑ Schwarz, Astrid; Jax, Kurt (2011). Ecology revisited: reflecting on concepts, advancing science. Springer. p. 419. ISBN   9789400797383 . Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  32. ↑ Loeve, Sacha; Guchet, Xavier; Bensaude-Vincent, Bernadette (2018). French philosophy of technology: classical readings and contemporary approaches. Philosophy of Engineering and Technology. Vol. 29. Springer. p. 173. ISBN   978-3-319-89518-5 . Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  33. ↑ "Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent". Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  34. ↑ "Bernadette BENSAUDE-VINCENT". Institut universitaire de France. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  35. ↑ "Commission on the History of Modern Chemistry, International Union of History and Philosophy of Science – Division of History of Science and Technology". Villanova University. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  36. ↑ "Ethics Committee". INRAE. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  37. ↑ Bensaude-Vincent, Bernadette; Stengers, Isabelle (1996). A History of Chemistry. Translated by van Dam, Deborah. Cambridge, MA; London, England: Harvard University Press.
Awards
Preceded by George Sarton Medal
2021		Succeeded by
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.