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Bernd Marin (born 1948 in Vienna) is an Austrian social scientist.
| This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . (Learn how and when to remove these messages)
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Bernd Marin (born 1948 in Vienna) is an Austrian social scientist.
Marin studied social sciences at the University of Vienna and concluded post-graduate training at the Institute of Advanced Studies in Vienna. From 1975 to 1984 he served at the Institute for Conflict Research in Vienna - first as a Research Fellow and later on as a Deputy Director. During this period he also completed his habilitation at the Johannes Kepler University Linz and carried out post-doctoral research at Harvard University.
From 1979 to 1996, he edited the Journal für Sozialforschung. Marin also contributes to civic debates in newspapers and magazines, radio and TV. He has published more than hundred papers in academic journals and collected volumes and has edited more than twenty books.
From 1984 to 1988, Marin held the chair for Comparative Political and Social Research at the European University Institute in Florence. Marin also served as visiting professor at several other universities (Zurich, Warsaw, Florence, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Health Sciences at H. A. Barceló Foundation and Hebrew University of Jerusalem).
From 1988 to 2015, he was the Executive Director of the European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research, a think tank on economics and sociology (Vienna). Marin was director of Webster Vienna Private University from October 2015 until June 2016.
As a comparative social scientist, Marin is working on modern welfare societies, social security systems and their sustainability, on innovative employment initiatives, health, care and disability policies, as well as on pension reforms. He empirically analyses knowledge production and economic policy-making, focuses on changes and innovations in the labour markets and gender roles. Marin's role in the Austrian political campus is quite unique - as became clear for example during the controversial debates on pension reform, when all political parties relyed on his expertise.
In the field of social theory, Marin works on corporate, intermediary and societal governance, systems of self-regulation and co-operative change management, promoting the welfare-mix and societal activation as prerequisites of sustainable wealth, health, welfare and well-being.
Social services are a range of public services intended to provide support and assistance towards particular groups, which commonly include the disadvantaged. They may be provided by individuals, private and independent organizations, or administered by a government agency. Social services are connected with the concept of welfare and the welfare state, as countries with large welfare programs often provide a wide range of social services. Social services are employed to address the wide range of needs of a society. Prior to industrialisation, the provision of social services was largely confined to private organisations and charities, with the extent of its coverage also limited. Social services are now generally regarded globally as a 'necessary function' of society and a mechanism through which governments may address societal issues.
The welfare state of the United Kingdom began to evolve in the 1900s and early 1910s, and comprises expenditures by the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland intended to improve health, education, employment and social security. The British system has been classified as a liberal welfare state system.
Welfare spending is a type of government support intended to ensure that members of a society can meet basic human needs such as food and shelter. Social security may either be synonymous with welfare, or refer specifically to social insurance programs which provide support only to those who have previously contributed, as opposed to social assistance programs which provide support on the basis of need alone. The International Labour Organization defines social security as covering support for those in old age, support for the maintenance of children, medical treatment, parental and sick leave, unemployment and disability benefits, and support for sufferers of occupational injury.
The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for welfare, pensions and child maintenance policy. As the UK's biggest public service department it administers the State Pension and a range of working age, disability and ill health benefits to around 20 million claimants and customers. It is the second-largest governmental department in terms of employees, and the second largest in terms of expenditure.
Population ageing is an increasing median age in a population because of declining fertility rates and rising life expectancy. Most countries have rising life expectancy and an ageing population, trends that emerged first in developed countries but are now seen in virtually all developing countries. In most developed countries, the phenomenon of population aging began to gradually emerge in the late 19th century. The aging of the world population occurred in the late 20th century, with the proportion of people aged 65 and above accounting for 6% of the total population. This reflects the overall decline in the world's fertility rate at that time. That is the case for every country in the world except the 18 countries designated as "demographic outliers" by the United Nations. The aged population is currently at its highest level in human history. The UN predicts the rate of population ageing in the 21st century will exceed that of the previous century. The number of people aged 60 years and over has tripled since 1950 and reached 600 million in 2000 and surpassed 700 million in 2006. It is projected that the combined senior and geriatric population will reach 2.1 billion by 2050. Countries vary significantly in terms of the degree and pace of ageing, and the UN expects populations that began ageing later will have less time to adapt to its implications.
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare is a cabinet level ministry of the Japanese government. It is commonly known as Kōrō-shō (厚労省) in Japan. The ministry provides services on health, labour and welfare.
Social welfare, assistance for the ill or otherwise disabled and the old, has long been provided in Japan by both the government and private companies. Beginning in the 1920s, the Japanese government enacted a series of welfare programs, based mainly on European models, to provide medical care and financial support. During the post-war period, a comprehensive system of social security was gradually established. Universal health insurance and a pension system were established in 1960.
Social exclusion or social marginalisation is the social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society. It is a term that has been used widely in Europe and was first used in France in the late 20th century. In the EU context, the European Commission defines it as "a situation whereby a person is prevented from contributing to and benefiting from economic and social progress". It is used across disciplines including education, sociology, psychology, healthcare, politics and economics.
The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is a longitudinal survey of a representative sample of Americans over age 50 conducted by the Survey Research Center (SRC) at the Institute for Social Research (ISR) at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and supported by the National Institute on Aging (NIA). The study interviews approximately 20,000 respondents every two years on subjects like health care, housing, assets, pensions, employment and disability. The study is managed through a cooperative agreement between the NIA, which provides primary funding, and the ISR, which administers and conducts the survey. Beginning in 2012, HRS began adding genetic information from consenting participants to its database. The economic measures captured by the data in the HRS are regarded as being of very high quality.
Stephen Gilson is an American theorist and policy analyst who is best known for his work in disability, diversity, and health policy through the lens of legitimacy theory and disjuncture theory. Co-authored with Elizabeth DePoy, Gilson developed Explanatory Legitimacy Theory. Through that lens, Gilson analyzes how population group membership is assigned, is based on political purpose, and is met with formal responses that serve both intentionally and unintentionally to perpetuate segregation, economic status quo, and inter-group tension. Additionally, co-authored with DePoy, Gilson developed Disjuncture Theory. This theory explains disability as an interactive “ill-fit” between bodies and environments.
In the United States, the federal and state social programs including cash assistance, health insurance, food assistance, housing subsidies, energy and utilities subsidies, and education and childcare assistance. Similar benefits are sometimes provided by the private sector either through policy mandates or on a voluntary basis. Employer-sponsored health insurance is an example of this.
The Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER) is a research center located in Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
TARKI Social Research Institute is an independent research centre located in Budapest, Hungary. TARKI conducts applied socioeconomic research in social stratification, labour markets, income distribution, intergenerational transfers, tax-benefit systems, consumption and lifestyle patterns and attitudes in Hungary and, in the majority of its projects, in Europe. TARKI is closely embedded in international collaborations with major European academic partners in various research projects. Senior staff at TARKI all have PhDs with substantive and methodological interests and many hold professorial appointments at major universities. TARKI has its own fieldwork apparatus, capable of carrying out regular empirical surveys on social structure and on attitudes and of managing large scale international research. TARKI also carries out the Hungarian fieldwork of various high-quality international surveys.
Retirement age differs in European countries and is a matter of debate across Europe because of an aging population.
The Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy is a research facility located in Maxvorstadt, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
Yung-Ping Chen was an American economist and gerontologist of Chinese origin. He pioneered the concept of home equity conversion in the United States and developed innovative approaches to the funding of Social Security benefits and long-term care. His scholarship contributed to a better understanding of the economic, political, and social implications and challenges created by the "mass aging" phenomenon—the ongoing and unprecedented shift to an increasingly elder-populated society.
Aging has a significant impact on society. People of different ages and genders tend to differ in many aspects, such as legal and social responsibilities, outlooks on life, and self-perceptions. Young people tend to have fewer legal privileges, they are more likely to push for political and social change, to develop and adopt new technologies, and to need education. Older people have different requirements from society and government, and frequently have differing values as well, such as for property and pension rights. Older people are also more likely to vote, and in many countries the young are forbidden from voting. Thus, the aged have comparatively more, or at least different, political influence.
Richard Gisser is an Austrian demographer who held leading positions at his country's statistical office until his retirement. He was also the long-time director, then deputy director, of the Vienna Institute of Demography at the Austrian Academy of Sciences.
Axel Börsch-Supan is a German researcher, economist and director of the Munich Center for the Economics of Aging (MEA) at the Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy in Munich, Germany. He is Professor of Economics and Chair for the Economics of Aging at the Technical University of Munich. Additionally, he is Managing Director of SHARE-ERIC. An important field of his empirical research focuses on socio-political issues that are associated with economic aspects of demographic change and the aging of the population.
Asghar Zaidi is a social policy analyst and population ageing researcher. He is the former 4th Vice Chancellor and 31st head of the Government College University Lahore (GCU), from October 2019 to October 2023. Previously, he served as the Professor of Social Gerontology at Seoul National University, South Korea.
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