Professor Betsy Stanko | |
---|---|
Born | 1950 (age 73–74) Indiana |
Alma mater | CUNY |
Occupation(s) | Criminologist, researcher, academic |
Known for | Research into policing of violence against women and girls. |
Elizabeth Anne Stanko OBE (born December 30, 1950) is an American/British criminologist academic and researcher living and working in the UK. Stanko was awarded an Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2014 Queens Birthday Honours for her services to policing. [1]
Stanko holds a PhD from Graduate Center of the City University of New York, has worked at Clark University (US), Brunel University, Cambridge University and is an Emeritus Professor at Royal Holloway, a Visiting Professor at University College London, City University of London and Sheffield Hallam universities. [2] [3] [4] [5] Her former graduate students include the sociologist Claire Maxwell.
Stanko was part of a historic sexual harassment case against a university in 1981 which gained support from campaigners in the women's movement including Andrea Dworkin and Adrienne Rich. [6] [7] [8]
She worked as head of evidence and insight in the Mayor of London's Office for Policing and Crime. [2]
Stanko's research has been described as feminist criminology, exploring the impact of gender areas of law, crime and policing, combining criminology and women's studies. [9] [10] [11] She served as Director of the ESRC Violence Research Programme 1997–2002.
In researching police responses to violence against women and girls Stanko has challenged stereotypes and highlighted particular vulnerabilities of some groups of women. [12] Cultural factors influence the likelihood of the case being taken forward such as the ethnicity of the suspect, perceived inconsistencies in the victim's account and other aspects such as previous behaviour and mental health. Stanko has argued that the rape of some groups of women has become "effectively decriminalised" with a remote chance of conviction in the UK. [13]
Jointly with Katrin Hohl, [14] Stanko co-led the £6.6m, multiyear Operation Soteria Bluestone a collaborative programme of research for the National Police Chiefs' Council (NPCC), hosted by the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime (MOPAC) funded by The Home Office into the policing of rape. [15] [16] [17] [18] The project investigated 19 of the 43 police forces in England and Wales. [7] The research offered insight and evidence from police forces to inform reform of the national operating model for the investigation of rape and serious sexual assault.
The research alleged controversial comments by Sir Stephen House following the resignation of Dame Cressida Dick, [19] [20] which an IOPC investigation later found to be largely unproven after other attendees at the meeting said they did not recall him making them. [21] The report highlighted cultural issues of misogyny, sexism and racism in policing which shape how victims are treated, disbelieved, blamed or stereotyped. [20]
Vigilantism is the act of preventing, investigating and punishing perceived offenses and crimes without legal authority.
The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS), historically and still widely known as the Metropolitan Police, serves as the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement and crime prevention within the ceremonial county of Greater London. In addition, it is responsible for specialised tasks throughout the United Kingdom, such as UK counter-terrorism measures and the protection of certain individuals, including the monarch and other members of the royal family, governmental officials, and other designated figures.
A violent crime, violent felony, crime of violence or crime of a violent nature is a crime in which an offender or perpetrator uses or threatens to use harmful force upon a victim. This entails both crimes in which the violent act is the objective, such as murder, assault, rape and assassination, as well as crimes in which violence is used as a method of coercion or show of force, such as robbery, extortion and terrorism. Violent crimes may, or may not, be committed with weapons. Depending on the jurisdiction, violent crimes may be regarded with varying severities from homicide to harassment. There have been many theories regarding heat being the cause of an increase in violent crime. Theorists claim that violent crime is persistent during the summer due to the heat, further causing people to become aggressive and commit more violent crime.
A rape kit or rape test kit is a package of items used by medical personnel for gathering and preserving physical evidence following an allegation of sexual assault. The evidence collected from the victim can aid the criminal rape investigation and the prosecution of a suspected assailant. DNA evidence can have tremendous utility for sexual assault investigations and prosecution by identifying offenders, revealing serial offenders through DNA matches across cases, and exonerating those who have been wrongly accused.
In scholarly literature and criminology, gang rape, also called serial gang rape, party rape, group rape, or multiple perpetrator rape, is the rape of a single victim by two or more violators. Gang rapes are forged on shared identity, religion, ethnic group, or race. There are multiple motives for serial gang rapes, such as for sexual entitlement, asserting sexual prowess, war, punishment, and, in up to 30% of cases, for targeting racial minorities, religious minorities, or ethnic groups.
Roger Arthur Graef OBE was an American-born British documentary filmmaker and theatre director. Born in New York City, he moved to Britain in 1962, where he began a career producing documentary films investigating previously closed institutions, including Government ministries and court buildings.
Rape is a type of sexual assault involving sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual penetration carried out against a person without their consent. The act may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of authority, or against a person who is incapable of giving valid consent, such as one who is unconscious, incapacitated, has an intellectual disability, or is below the legal age of consent. The term rape is sometimes used interchangeably with the term sexual assault.
Gloria Laycock was the founding Director of the Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science at University College London (UCL), and ran UCL's Centre for Security & Crime Science. She is an internationally renowned expert in crime prevention, and especially situational approaches which seek to design out situations which provoke crime.
Sir Stephen House is a British police officer who served as Acting Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police in 2022. After beginning his career at Sussex Police in 1981, House held positions in Northamptonshire Police and West Yorkshire Police, then became Assistant Chief Constable of Staffordshire Police in 1998. In 2001, he joined the Metropolitan Police as a Deputy Assistant Commissioner, remaining there until 2007, when he was appointed Chief Constable of Strathclyde Police.
Lawrence W. Sherman is an American experimental criminologist and police educator who is the founder of evidence-based policing.
A false accusation of rape happens when a person states that they or another person have been raped when no rape has occurred.
Nicole Westmarland is a British academic and activist in the area of violence against women. She is currently a professor at the University of Durham, where she researches rape, domestic violence and prostitution. With Geetanjali Gangoli, she has edited two books: International Approaches to Rape, and International Approaches to Prostitution: Law and Policy in Europe and Asia. Originally a taxi driver, Westmarland’s first publication focused upon security issues for female taxi drivers, following her finding that female drivers were significantly more likely to face sexual harassment from customers than their male counterparts.
Violence against men are violent acts that are disproportionately or exclusively committed against men or boys. Men are over-represented as both victims and perpetrators of violence.
Nazir Afzal is a British solicitor and former prosecutor within the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS).
Rape in Sweden has a legal definition described in Chapter 6 in the Swedish Penal Code. Historically, rape has been defined as forced sexual intercourse initiated against a woman or man by one or several people, without consent. In recent years, several revisions to the definition of rape have been made to the law of Sweden, to include not only intercourse but also comparable sexual acts against someone incapable of giving consent, due to being in a vulnerable situation, such as a state of fear or unconsciousness.
Professor Susan Lea is a chartered psychologist and academic, and was Vice-Chancellor at the University of Hull from 2017 to 2022. Previously she was Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academic) at the University of Greenwich.
Evidence-based policing (EBP) is an approach to policy making and tactical decision-making for police departments. It has its roots in the larger movement towards evidence-based practices.
Anthony Allan Braga is an American criminologist and the Jerry Lee Professor of Criminology at the University of Pennsylvania. Braga is also the Director of the Crime and Justice Policy Lab at the University of Pennsylvania. He previously held faculty and senior research positions at Harvard University, Northeastern University, Rutgers University, and the University of California at Berkeley. Braga is a member of the federal monitor team overseeing the reforms to New York City Police Department (NYPD) policies, training, supervision, auditing, and handling of complaints and discipline regarding stops and frisks and trespass enforcement.
Sexual violence in the Russian invasion of Ukraine has been committed by Armed Forces of Russia, including the use of mass rape as a weapon of war. According to the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine, the victims of sexual assault by Russian soldiers ranged from 4 years old to over 80 years old.
Crime in Slovenia is prevented by Slovenian law enforcement agencies such as the Slovenian National Police Force.
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