Hormizd-Ardashir, better known by his dynastic name of Hormizd I, was the third Sasanian King of Kings (shahanshah) of Iran, who ruled from May 270 to June 271. He was the third-born son of Shapur I, under whom he was governor-king of Armenia, and also took part in his father's wars against the Roman Empire. Hormizd I's brief time as ruler of Iran was largely uneventful. He built the city of Hormizd-Ardashir, which still remains a major city today in Iran. He promoted the Zoroastrian priest Kartir to the rank of chief priest (mowbed) and gave the Manichaean prophet Mani permission to continue his preaching.
Yazdegerd II, was the Sasanian King of Kings of Iran from 438 to 457. He was the successor and son of Bahram V.
Shapur III, was the Sasanian King of Kings of Iran from 383 to 388. He was the son of Shapur II and succeeded his uncle Ardashir II.
Ardashir II, was the Sasanian King of Kings of Iran from 379 to 383. He was the brother of his predecessor, Shapur II, under whom he had served as vassal king of Adiabene, where he fought alongside his brother against the Romans. Ardashir II was appointed as his brother's successor to rule interimly till the latter's son Shapur III reached adulthood. Ardashir II's short reign was largely uneventful, with the Sasanians unsuccessfully trying to maintain rule over Armenia.
Arzen was an ancient and medieval city, located on the border zone between Upper Mesopotamia and the Armenian Highlands. The site of the ancient Armenian capital of Tigranocerta, according to modern scholars, in Late Antiquity it was the capital of the district of Arzanene, a Syriac bishopric and a Sasanian Persian border fortress in the Roman–Persian Wars of the period. After the Muslim conquests, it briefly became the seat of an autonomous dynasty of emirs in the 9th century, before being devastated in the wars between the Byzantine Empire and the Hamdanids in the 10th century. By the 12th century, it had been abandoned and ruined. Today, few traces of the town survive.
Vasak I Mamikonian was an Armenian military officer from the Mamikonian family, who occupied the hereditary office of sparapet (generalissimo) of the Kingdom of Armenia under the Arsacid king Arshak II. According to the Buzandaran Patmut‘iwnk‘, which may have been composed in c. 470, Vasak was known for playing a disruptive role between Arshak II and the Sasanian monarch Shapur II, and for orchestrating many Armenian victories over the Sasanian army. Vasak was put to death in c. 367 by Shapur following the capture of Arshak.
Bagavan was an ancient locality in the central part of Armenia in the principality of Bagrevand. The site is located in the village of Taşteker to the west of modern Diyadin, Turkey. Situated on a tributary of the Euphrates at the foothills of Mount Npat, to the north of Lake Van, Bagavan held one of the major temples of pre-Christian Armenia. After the Christianization of Armenia, Bagavan became the site of a large church and monastery. Pillaged in 1877 by the Kurds, it was completely destroyed after 1915 during the Armenian Genocide.
Khosrow III was a Sasanian rival claimant who briefly ruled a part of Khorasan for a few months in 630.
Zabdicene was a Carduchian principality in southeastern Anatolia, in today's Turkey. It was located west of Ake, southwest of Anjewaci and north of Adiabene.
The Siege of Dara was raised by the Sasanian king Khosrow I in 573 during the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591. The fortified city fell after 4 months.
Arbāyistān or Beth Arabaye was a Sasanian province in Late Antiquity. Due to its situation and its road systems, the province was a source of income from commercial traffic, as well as a constant area of contention during the Roman–Persian Wars.
Mihr-Narseh, was a powerful Iranian dignitary from the House of Suren, who served as minister of the Sasanian shahanshahs Yazdegerd I, Bahram V, Yazdegerd II and Peroz I. According to the Iranologist Richard N. Frye, Mihr-Narseh was the "prototype of the later Islamic grand vizier."
Veh-Ardashir, was an ancient Sasanian city in present-day Iraq, and formed a suburb of their capital, Ctesiphon.
Adur Gushnasp was the name of a Zoroastrian sacred fire of the highest grade, which served as one of the three most sacred fires of pre-Islamic Iran; the two others being the Adur Farnbag and Adur Burzen-mihr. Out of the three, Adur Gushnasp is the only fire whose temple structure has been discovered and "for which archaeological, sigillographical, and textual evidence are all available."
Sisauranon, Sisauronon, Sisaurana, or Sarbane was a Sasanian fortress city in the province of Arbayistan, located to the east of Nisibis at the edge of the north Syrian plain. It was situated near the border with the Byzantine Empire.
Shapur II besieged the fortress city of Bezabde in Zabdicene in 360, held by the Romans. Despite adamant resistance from three Roman legions and local archers, the Sasanians led by Shapur II successfully besieged Bezabde and defeated the Roman force.
Constantius II besieged the fortress city of Bezabde in Zabdicene in 360, held by the Sasanians. The Sasanians successfully defended the fortress city against the Roman attack.
Tamshapur was an Iranian marzban of Adiabene under the Sasanian king (shah) Shapur II. Tamshapur is first mentioned in 357 as the first receiver of an unofficial peace measure of the Roman senator, Strategius Musonianus. He was later in contact with the Roman defector Antoninus and supported him at the court in Ctesiphon. In 359, Tamshapur led the soldiers of Shapur II at the siege of Amida, which resulted in a Sasanian victory.
The Third Council of Dvin was a church council held in 607 in the city of Dvin. The schism within the Armenian Church which had erupted as a result of the second Chalcedonian Catholicosate in Armenia (591–610), was mended, and the Council of Chalcedon of 451 was explicitly condemned.
The Klimova Treasure is a hoard of Roman-Byzantine and Sasanian silver, discovered in 1907 near the village of Klimova in the Perm Governorate of the Russian Empire. According to The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity, the hoard consisted of one dish bearing the image of a goatherd with silver stamps of Emperor Justinian I ; two 7th-century silver dishes with crosses; three Sasanian dishes, including one bearing the image of King of Kings Shapur III killing a leopard; and one depicting a tigress under a tree. The hoard also included one bucket. The objects are stored at the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg. The Klimova Treasure is one of several hoards of Roman-Byzantine and Sasanian silver found in Perm, which, collectively, are referred to as the Perm Treasures.
