Bhojpuri music

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Bhojpuri music is a form of Hindustani Classical Music and includes a broad array of Bhojpuri language performances in distinct style, both traditional and modern. This form of music is mostly created in Indian states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and other countries like Nepal, Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname, Guyana, Netherlands, Mauritius and other Caribbean Islands. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

History

Origin of Bhojpuri music is quite unclear but the earliest form of Bhojpuri music song today is Nirguna was used to be sung by Kabir. [4] Earlier on event occasions like Chhath or wedding these folks songs were used to be sung by people.

When Bhojpuriyas were taken as plantation workers in British colonies, globalisation of Bhojpuri music took place and it extended its radius in counties like Mauritius, Netherlands and Caribbean Islands. It also mixed with the folk or modern music form of that countries and this leads to the birth of a different form of Bhojpuri music like Baithak Gana in Suriname, Chutney music in Trinidad and Tobago and Geet Gawai in Mauritius. [5] [6] [7]

The modern form of Bhojpuri music generated from Bollywood movies of 1950s. Later after the release of the first Bhojpuri Film Ganga Maiyya Tohe Piyari Chadhaibo the modernisation of Bhojpuri folk songs happened along with a generation of Modern Bhojpuri music.

Classification

Bhojpuri Folk music can be classified on several basis:

Occasional

These songs are sung on various occasions, events and religious rituals:

  1. Child Birth: Song that are sung on the birth of a child are called Sohar.
  2. Mundan : These are sung during Mundan.
  3. Marriage : There are several different songs that are sung in the different marriage rituals.

Caste based

Different caste in Bhojpuri region have their own folk songs. Biraha belongs to the Ahir or Yadav caste, Pachara songs belong to Dusadh, Kaharwa to Kanhars and so on.

Season based

Many songs are sung in a particular season or month like Kajari in Sawan, Phaguwa in Phalguna etc.

Traditional music

The traditional music of Bhojpuri is either sung is special occasions like weddings, child birth, festivals or in every month of Vikram Samvat.


Modern music

Modernisation of Bhojpuri Music started with Bollywood songs like Nain Lad Jaihe. [21]

Famous songs

Related Research Articles

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Bhojpuri cuisine is a style of food preparation common among the Bhojpuri people of Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh in India, and also the Terai region of Nepal. Bhojpuri foods are mostly mild and tend to be less hot in terms of spices used. The cuisine consists of both vegetable and meat dishes.

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Bhikari Thakur was an Indian Bhojpuri language poet, playwright, lyricist, actor, folk dancer, folk singer and social activist. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest writers in the Bhojpuri language and most popular folk writer of Purvanchal and Bihar. Thakur is often called the "Shakespeare of Bhojpuri" and "Rai Bahadur". His works consist of more than a dozen plays, Monologues, poems, and Bhajans, which were printed in nearly three dozen books. His noteworthy works include Bidesiya, Gabarghichor, Beti Bechwa and Bhai Birodh. Gabarghichor is often compared with Bertolt Brecht's play The Caucasian Chalk Circle. Thakur is known as the father of the naach folk theatre tradition. He is also credited as the first person to cast male actors in female roles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bhojpuri region</span> Region in India

Bhojpur is a ethnolinguistic and cultural area in the Indian subcontinent where the Bhojpuri language is spoken as a mother tongue. The Bhojpuri region encompasses parts of the Indian states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand, and the Madhesh, Gandaki and Lumbini provinces of Nepal.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jhijhiya</span> South Asian folk dance

Jhijhiya (also called Jhijhari) is a cultural folk dance of Mithila and Bhojpuri region of India and Nepal. It is performed during the Dusshera festival, in the Hindu month of Ashwin (September/October). The dance is performed to offer devotion towards goddess Durga—the goddess of victory as well as to protect one's family, children and society from witches and dark magic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kalpana Patowary</span> Musical artist

Kalpana Patowary is an Indian playback and folk singer from Assam. She has recorded songs and folk music in several Indian languages, with Bhojpuri music being the major genre.

Geet-Gawai also called Geet Gawai is a pre-wedding ceremony of Bhojpuri speaking people of Indian descent in Mauritius. In 2016, this ritual was added to the UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage List. This pre-wedding ceremony is a combination of certain traditional rituals, prayers to the gods and the goddesses, songs, music and dance. The ceremony may be done at the residence of the bride or the groom, and is carried out by female family members and neighbours. This ceremony represents collective cultural memory. By breaking barriers of caste and class, it contributes to the building of smooth and cohesive community identity. Presently, Geet-Gawai has come out of the confines of being a family function, and public performances also take place. Now-a-days, apart from women, men are also participating in these events.

The culture of Magadh is rich with its distinct language, folk songs and festivals. In ancient period it was known as Magadha mahajanpada. The present-day Magadh region split between the states of Bihar and Jharkhand, India. The major language of the region is Magahi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chandan Tiwari</span> Bhojpuri Folk singer

Chandan Tiwari is an Indian folk singer from Bihar. She is known as folk singer and sings in Bhojpuri, Nagpuri, Awadhi and Hindi. She was awarded Sangeet Natak Academy-Bismillah Khan Samman. She was honoured by Bhojpuri Kokila in Kolkata. BAG Films-News 24 awarded her best traditional folk singer. She appeared in India Today Magazine in cover story for her contributions to Indian folk music. She has been singing in various forms of folks like Purabi Sohar, Pachra Gandhi song, River Song, Chhath Song Kajri and Thumri.

"Arrah Hile Chhapra Hile Baliya Hilela" is a famous Bhojpuri folk song, It gained popularity in 1977 when it was recreated in the first colored Bhojpuri movie Dangal. The song was sung by Manna Dey and written by Kulwant Jani. This song became very famous and has been recreated many times by Bollywood and Bhojpuri Cinema

Batohiya is a Bhojpuri poem written by Raghuveer Narayan in 1911. This Purbi song became very popular and George Abraham Grierson also recorded this song for Linguistic Survey of India in 1920. It has also been called the "Vande Matram" of Bhojpuri. The poem was first published in Raghuveer Patra Pushp.

Nagpuri culture refers to the culture of the Nagpuria people, the native speakers of the Nagpuri language, which includes literature, festivals, folk song and dance. It is also referred to as the culture related to the Nagpuri language.

Jantsar are a type of Bhojpuri folk songs sung by women while by grinding something in a hand-mill made of stone (jāṃtā). These songs describe the hard and painful labour undergone by women who grind Wheat in heavy Grinding wheel. These songs are considered as the labour songs in Bhojpuri folk culture as they are sung while doing labour. The labour songs sung by women are different from that of men. These songs are sweet and full of pathos. They are sung to a characteristic melody which fits well with the movement of the mill.

References

  1. ↑ Anshu, Aditya. The Identity Issues and Political Role of Bhojpuri Diaspora in Mauritius.
  2. ↑ Diaspora And Nation Building Ruchi Verma.
  3. ↑ Peter, Manuel. Tales, Tunes, and Tassa Drums: Retention and Invention into Indo-Caribbean Music.
  4. ↑ "The Journal of Intercultural Studies". Intercultural Research Institute. 9: 96–100. 1982.
  5. ↑ Broughton Simon, and Mark Ellingham (2000). "Trinidad: Chutney." World music: the Rough guide : [an A-Z of the music, musicians and discs.. London: The Rough Guides. Print.
  6. ↑ Peter Manuel, "Chutney and Indo-Trinidadian cultural identity," Popular Music 17:1 (1998): 37 JSTOR, Online (4 December 2007).
  7. ↑ Dinkar, Ramahari S. Smarananjali.
  8. ↑ Manuel, Peter. Cassette Culture: Popular Music and Technology in North India.
  9. ↑ Sthapit, Bhuwon; Lamers, Hugo; Rao, Ramanatha; Bailey, Arwen (2016-05-12). Tropical Fruit Tree Diversity: Good practices for in situ and on-farm conservation. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-317-63622-9.
  10. ↑ चौहान, विद्या (1972). लोकगीतों की सांस्कृतिक पृष्ठभूमि: भोजपुरी और अवाधी के संदर्भ में (in Hindi). Pragati Prakāśana.
  11. ↑ Vidyarthi, Lalita Prasad (1973). Essays in Indian Folklore: Papers Presented to the Centenary Festival of Rai Bahadur S. C. Roy. Indian Publications.
  12. ↑ Boodhoo, Dr Sarita (2023-01-19). Geet Gawai (Bhojpuri Folk Songs in Mauritius): Geet Gawai (Bhojpuri Folk Songs in Mauritius) by Boodhoo, Dr. Sarita: Preserving the Rich Cultural Heritage of Bhojpuri Music in Mauritius. Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN   978-93-95386-74-6.
  13. ↑ Nandan, Subodh Kumar (2023-03-24). Bihar Ke Parva-Tyohar Aur Khanpan: Bestseller Book by Subodh Kumar Nandan: Bihar Ke Parva-Tyohar Aur Khanpan (in Hindi). Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN   978-93-90825-18-9.
  14. ↑ Boodhoo, Sarita (1993). Kanya Dan: The Why's of Hindu Marriage Rituals. Mauritius Bhojpuri Institute. ISBN   978-99903-902-0-9.
  15. ↑ "Resonating Rhythms: Exploring the Rich Tapestry of Bhojpuri Folk Songs of Bihar – The Cultural Heritage of India" . Retrieved 2023-12-03.
  16. ↑ Bahadur), Sarat Chandra Roy (Rai (1978). Man in India. A. K. Bose.
  17. ↑ Jaina, Śānti (1992). R̥tugīta: svara aura svarūpa (in Hindi). Ayana Prakāśana.
  18. ↑ Rannjan, Dr Manish (2022-02-10). Bihar General Knowledge 2022 for BPSC & Other Competitive Exams: Bestseller Book by Dr. Manish Rannjan: Bihar General Knowledge 2022 for BPSC & Other Competitive Exams. Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN   978-93-5488-165-7.
  19. ↑ Deva, Indra (1989). Folk Culture and Peasant Society in India. Rawat. ISBN   978-81-7033-074-5.
  20. ↑ Dundes, Alan (2011). Varia Folklorica. Walter de Gruyter. p. 224. ISBN   978-3110807721.
  21. ↑ Premchand, Manek (2018). Yesterday's Melodies Today's Memories. Motion Press. ISBN   978-1644298770.
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