Bhojpuri music

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Bhojpuri music is a form of Hindustani Classical Music and includes a broad array of Bhojpuri language performances in distinct style, both traditional and modern. This form of music is mostly created in Indian states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and other countries like Nepal, Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname, Guyana, Netherlands, Mauritius and other Caribbean Islands. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

History

Origin of Bhojpuri music is quite unclear but the earliest form of Bhojpuri music song today is Nirguna was used to be sung by Kabir. [4] Earlier on event occasions like Chhath or wedding these folks songs were used to be sung by people.

When Bhojpuriyas were taken as plantation workers in British colonies, globalisation of Bhojpuri music took place and it extended its radius in counties like Mauritius, Netherlands and Caribbean Islands. It also mixed with the folk or modern music form of that countries and this leads to the birth of a different form of Bhojpuri music like Baithak Gana in Suriname, Chutney music in Trinidad and Tobago and Geet Gawai in Mauritius. [5] [6] [7]

The modern form of Bhojpuri music generated from Bollywood movies of 1950s. Later after the release of the first Bhojpuri Film Ganga Maiyya Tohe Piyari Chadhaibo the modernisation of Bhojpuri folk songs happened along with a generation of Modern Bhojpuri music.

Classification

Bhojpuri Folk music can be classified on several basis:

Occasional

These songs are sung on various occasions, events and religious rituals:

  1. Child Birth: Song that are sung on the birth of a child are called Sohar.
  2. Mundan : These are sung during Mundan.
  3. Marriage : There are several different songs that are sung in the different marriage rituals.

Caste based

Different caste in Bhojpuri region have their own folk songs. Biraha belongs to the Ahir or Yadav caste, Pachara songs belong to Dusadh, Kaharwa to Kanhars and so on.

Season based

Many songs are sung in a particular season or month like Kajari in Sawan, Phaguwa in Phalguna etc.

Bhojpuri Classical Music

Bhojpuri has vast traditions of Music which includes semi classical Hindustani Music. Folk songs genre like Thumri, Kajari, Sohar, Bidesiya, purvi, Nirgun, Chutney music and Chaiti is considered to be semi classical. These are developed in Bhojpuri region and then propagated by Banaras Gharana.

Traditional music

The traditional music of Bhojpuri is either sung is special occasions like weddings, child birth, festivals or in every month of Vikram Samvat.


Modern music

Modernisation of Bhojpuri Music started with Bollywood songs like Nain Lad Jaihe. [25]

Famous songs

Related Research Articles

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Sharda Sinha was an Indian folk and classical singer. Hailing from Bihar, she predominantly sang in Maithili and Bhojpuri language and is called Bihar Kokila, the cuckoo of Bihar. Sinha has sung many folk songs including "Vivah Geet", "Chhath Geet". In 1991, she received the Padma Shri award for her contribution to music. In 2000, she received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for her contribution to the field of music. She was awarded Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, on the eve of Republic Day in 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bhikhari Thakur</span> Founder of Bhojpuri Song

Bhikari Thakur was an Indian Bhojpuri language poet, playwright, lyricist, actor, folk dancer, folk singer and social activist. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest writers in the Bhojpuri language and most popular folk writer of Purvanchal and Bihar. Thakur is often called the "Shakespeare of Bhojpuri" and "Rai Bahadur". His works consist of more than a dozen plays, Monologues, poems, and Bhajans, which were printed in nearly three dozen books. His noteworthy works include Bidesiya, Gabarghichor, Beti Bechwa and Bhai Birodh. Gabarghichor is often compared with Bertolt Brecht's play The Caucasian Chalk Circle. Thakur is known as the father of the naach folk theatre tradition. He is also credited as the first person to cast male actors in female roles.

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Shatrughan Kumar Yadav, known professionally as Khesari Lal Yadav, is an Indian actor, singer, dancer and model who primarily works in Bhojpuri cinema. Also known by the Initialism KLY, Yadav has appeared in more than 70 films, and performed as vocalist in more than 5000 songs. Apart from Bhojpuri, he has also worked in Hindi, Awadhi and Haryanvi languages.

Geet-Gawai also called Geet Gawai is a pre-wedding ceremony of Bhojpuri speaking people of Indian descent in Mauritius. In 2016, this ritual was added to the UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage List. This pre-wedding ceremony is a combination of certain traditional rituals, prayers to the gods and the goddesses, songs, music and dance. The ceremony may be done at the residence of the bride or the groom, and is carried out by female family members and neighbours. This ceremony represents collective cultural memory. By breaking barriers of caste and class, it contributes to the building of smooth and cohesive community identity. Presently, Geet-Gawai has come out of the confines of being a family function, and public performances also take place. Now-a-days, apart from women, men are also participating in these events.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chandan Tiwari</span> Bhojpuri Folk singer

Chandan Tiwari is an Indian folk singer from Bihar. She is known as folk singer and sings in Bhojpuri, Nagpuri, Awadhi and Hindi. She was awarded Sangeet Natak Academy-Bismillah Khan Samman. She was honoured by Bhojpuri Kokila in Kolkata. BAG Films-News 24 awarded her best traditional folk singer. She appeared in India Today Magazine in cover story for her contributions to Indian folk music. She has been singing in various forms of folks like Purabi Sohar, Pachra Gandhi song, River Song, Chhath Song Kajri and Thumri.

Mai Sehra Bandh Ke Aaunga is a 2017 Indian Bhojpuri language comedy romance drama film written and directed by Rajnish Mishra and produced by Anil Kabra and Pradeep Singh. The stars Khesari Lal Yadav and Kajal Raghwani in lead role while Awadhesh Mishra, Sanjay Pandey, Priyanka Pandit, Dev Singh, Deepak Sinha, Gopal Rai, Dhama Verma, Rohit Singh Matru, Sanjay Mahanand and Kiran Yadav in supporting roles. 'Main Sehra Bandh Ke Aaunga' movie released on YouTube on 13 April 2018, and has become a hit.

<i>Vivah</i> (2019 film) Bhojpuri Film

Vivah (transl. Marriage) is a 2019 Indian Bhojpuri-language romantic drama film written and directed by Manjul Thakur and jointly produced by Pradeep Singh, Nishant Ujjwal and Pratik Singh. Its star Pradeep Pandey aka Chintu, Sanchita Benarjee and Akanksha Awasthi in lead roles, while Awdhesh Mishra, Sanjay Mahanand, Ritu Pandey, Lalit Upadhyay, Anita Rawat, Maya Yadav, Shweta Verma, Arbind Tiwari and others in supporting roles. Pakhi Hegde and Kajal Raghwani make special appearance in songs.

<i>Baap Ji</i> 2021 Indian Bhojpuri film

Baap Ji is a 2021 Indian Bhojpuri-language action comedy drama film directed by Dev Pandey and produced by Ramjit Jaiswal under his production house "Govinda & Sagar Films Entertainment". The stars Khesari Lal Yadav in the lead role and Ritu Singh in the opposite role. While Manoj Singh Tiger, C P Bhatt, Brijesh Tripathi, Saheb Lal Dhari, Abhay Rai, Prakash Jais, Sanjay Verma, Ritu Pandey and others in supporting roles. Kajal Raghwani make a special appearance in a song.

Biraha is an ethnic Bhojpuri folk genre of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Jharkhand in India. Its place in folk songs is as important as that of Dwipadi in Sanskrit, Gatha in Prakrit and Barwai in Hindi. It is composed of two episodes. When one side says their point, the other side answers in the same verse. There is no limit to the number of quantities. The volume varies with the tune of the song. It indicates the intense longing of the spouse and the pain of love or feeling of separation from him. Separation is a king, a body that does not know separation, it is a living corpse. Outside India, this genre can be found in the former colonies of where Indian indentured laborers from Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Jharkhand emigrated to, such as Fiji, Guyana, Mauritius, South Africa, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. Birha technically belongs to Ahir (Yadav) community.

Jantsar are a type of Bhojpuri folk songs sung by women while by grinding something in a hand-mill made of stone (jāṃtā). These songs describe the hard and painful labour undergone by women who grind Wheat in heavy Grinding wheel. These songs are considered as the labour songs in Bhojpuri folk culture as they are sung while doing labour. The labour songs sung by women are different from that of men. These songs are sweet and full of pathos. They are sung to a characteristic melody which fits well with the movement of the mill.

References

  1. ↑ Anshu, Aditya. The Identity Issues and Political Role of Bhojpuri Diaspora in Mauritius.
  2. ↑ Diaspora And Nation Building Ruchi Verma.
  3. ↑ Peter, Manuel. Tales, Tunes, and Tassa Drums: Retention and Invention into Indo-Caribbean Music.
  4. ↑ "The Journal of Intercultural Studies". Intercultural Research Institute. 9: 96–100. 1982.
  5. ↑ Broughton Simon, and Mark Ellingham (2000). "Trinidad: Chutney." World music: the Rough guide : [an A-Z of the music, musicians and discs.. London: The Rough Guides. Print.
  6. ↑ Peter Manuel, "Chutney and Indo-Trinidadian cultural identity," Popular Music 17:1 (1998): 37 JSTOR, Online (4 December 2007).
  7. ↑ Dinkar, Ramahari S. Smarananjali.
  8. ↑ उपाध्याय, कृष्णदेव (1957). भोजपुरी और उसका साहित्य: भोजपुरी-भाषा और साहित्य का परिचयात्मक विश्लेषण (in Hindi). Sarasvatī Sahakāra kī aura se prakāśaka Rājakamala Prakāśana.
  9. ↑ Manuel, Peter. Cassette Culture: Popular Music and Technology in North India.
  10. ↑ Sthapit, Bhuwon; Lamers, Hugo; Rao, Ramanatha; Bailey, Arwen (2016-05-12). Tropical Fruit Tree Diversity: Good practices for in situ and on-farm conservation. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-317-63622-9.
  11. ↑ चौहान, विद्या (1972). लोकगीतों की सांस्कृतिक पृष्ठभूमि: भोजपुरी और अवाधी के संदर्भ में (in Hindi). Pragati Prakāśana.
  12. ↑ उपाध्याय, अनीता (2005). अवधी और भोजपुरी लोकगीतों का सासाजिक स्वरूप (in Hindi). Darpaṇa Prakāśana.
  13. ↑ Vidyarthi, Lalita Prasad (1973). Essays in Indian Folklore: Papers Presented to the Centenary Festival of Rai Bahadur S. C. Roy. Indian Publications.
  14. ↑ Boodhoo, Dr Sarita (2023-01-19). Geet Gawai (Bhojpuri Folk Songs in Mauritius): Geet Gawai (Bhojpuri Folk Songs in Mauritius) by Boodhoo, Dr. Sarita: Preserving the Rich Cultural Heritage of Bhojpuri Music in Mauritius. Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN   978-93-95386-74-6.
  15. ↑ Nandan, Subodh Kumar (2023-03-24). Bihar Ke Parva-Tyohar Aur Khanpan: Bestseller Book by Subodh Kumar Nandan: Bihar Ke Parva-Tyohar Aur Khanpan (in Hindi). Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN   978-93-90825-18-9.
  16. ↑ Boodhoo, Sarita (1993). Kanya Dan: The Why's of Hindu Marriage Rituals. Mauritius Bhojpuri Institute. ISBN   978-99903-902-0-9.
  17. ↑ Myers, Helen Priscilla; Pandey, Umesh Chandra (2019-06-14). Storytime in India: Wedding Songs, Victorian Tales, and the Ethnographic Experience. Indiana University Press. ISBN   978-0-253-04165-4.
  18. ↑ "Resonating Rhythms: Exploring the Rich Tapestry of Bhojpuri Folk Songs of Bihar – The Cultural Heritage of India" . Retrieved 2023-12-03.
  19. ↑ Bahadur), Sarat Chandra Roy (Rai (1978). Man in India. A. K. Bose.
  20. ↑ Jaina, Śānti (1992). R̥tugīta: svara aura svarūpa (in Hindi). Ayana Prakāśana.
  21. ↑ Rannjan, Dr Manish (2022-02-10). Bihar General Knowledge 2022 for BPSC & Other Competitive Exams: Bestseller Book by Dr. Manish Rannjan: Bihar General Knowledge 2022 for BPSC & Other Competitive Exams. Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN   978-93-5488-165-7.
  22. ↑ Deva, Indra (1989). Folk Culture and Peasant Society in India. Rawat. ISBN   978-81-7033-074-5.
  23. ↑ Dundes, Alan (2011). Varia Folklorica. Walter de Gruyter. p. 224. ISBN   978-3110807721.
  24. ↑ Bhāratīya sāhitya (in Hindi). Agra University. K.M. Institute of Hindi Studies and Linguistics. 1973.
  25. ↑ Premchand, Manek (2018). Yesterday's Melodies Today's Memories. Motion Press. ISBN   978-1644298770.
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