The first known translations of parts of the Bible into Slovak dates to 15th century, although full translations, as an alternative to Bible translations into Czech, date from the year 1756.
A portion of the Bible, dating back to 1469, was discovered in the library of Esztergom (Slovak : Ostrihom).[ when? ] [1] The section was a handwritten copy of the Gospel of John, written in contemporary Slovak.
The first vernacular Bibles to enter into use in Slovakia were in Czech, which came to be used among Slovak Protestants. [2] In response the Catholic church arranged for the Camaldolese Benedictines at Červený Kláštor monastery to produce a Catholic Slovak Bible in the 1750s. This translation is accredited to Romuald Hadbavný. [3] [4] [5]
This translation is credited to professor Juraj Palkovič. It used Anton's Bernolák Slovak language (based on cultural western form of Slovak language). It was printed in two parts, first in 1829 and second in 1832. The books full title was Swaté Písmo starého i nowého Zákona: podla obecného latinského od sw. Rímsko-katolíckég Církwi potwrďeného, preložené s Prirownaním ğruntowného Tekstu na Swetlo widané. Ďel prwní, Ďel druhí. W Ostrihome: Josef Beimel, 1829, 1832.
A more modern Slovak version was produced by the Lutheran pastor Jozef Roháček in 1936.
In 2008 the Slovak Bible Society published two versions of the Slovak Ecumenical Translation (with and without the deuterocanonical books). [6]
The Slovak language is a West Slavic language. Historically, it forms a dialect continuum with Czech. The written standard is based on the work of Ľudovít Štúr, published in the 1840s and codified in July 1843 in Hlboké.
The Christian Community Bible (CCB) is a translation of the Christian Bible in the English language originally produced in the Philippines.
Jozef Roháček was a Slovak Protestant activist, evangelist and scholar.
Cífer is a municipality (village) in the Trnava District, Slovakia. It has a population of 4,610.
Several Spanish translations of the Bible have been made since approximately 700 years ago.
Červený Kláštor is a small village and municipality in the far north Kežmarok District in the Prešov Region of northern Slovakia, near the Polish border, in the Zamagurie region.
German language translations of the Bible have existed since the Middle Ages. The most influential is Luther's translation, which established High German as the literary language throughout Germany by the middle of the seventeenth century and which still continues to be most widely used in the German-speaking world today.
The Ilocano Bible, published in 1909, is the second Bible to be published in any Philippine language, after the Tagalog which was published in 1905.
The first complete Catalan Bible translation was produced by the Catholic Church, between 1287 and 1290. It was entrusted to Jaume de Montjuich by Alfonso II of Aragon. Remains of this version can be found in Paris.
Bible translations in the Middle Ages went through several phases, all using the Vulgate. In the Early Middle Ages, written translations tended to be associated with royal or episcopal patronage, or with glosses on Latin texts; in the High Middle Ages with monasteries and universities; in the Late Middle Ages, with popular movements which caused, when the movement were associated with violence, official crackdowns of various kinds on vernacular scripture in Spain, England and France.
The Jakub Wujek Bible was the main Polish Bible translation used in the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland from the late 16th century till the mid-20th century.
The Vizsoly Bible, also called Károli Bible was the first Bible printed in the Hungarian language. It was translated in the 16th century by pastor Gáspár Károli and fellow Calvinists and was printed in 1590 by Bálint Mantskovit. A copy is kept on permanent display in the Hungarian village of Vizsoly.
Although the biblical themes have been an essential formative substance of the Portuguese culture, composition in that language of a complete translation of the Bible is quite late when compared with other European languages. The beginnings of the written transmission of the sacred text in Portuguese, parallel to its traditional liturgical use in Latin, are related to the progressive social acceptance of the vernacular as a language of culture in the low-medieval period. And even though the official language of the Portuguese monarchy dates back to the end of the thirteenth century, during the reign of D. Dinis, the writer Carolina Michaëlis de Vasconcelos (1851–1925), for example, was able to state categorically that, in the medieval period, "Portuguese literature, in matters of biblical translations, is a poverty Desperate" – a judgment that remains valid, experts say.
A Protestant Bible is a Christian Bible whose translation or revision was produced by Protestant Christians. Typically translated into a vernacular language, such Bibles comprise 39 books of the Old Testament and 27 books of the New Testament, for a total of 66 books. Some Protestants use Bibles which also include 14 additional books in a section known as the Apocrypha bringing the total to 80 books. This is in contrast with the 73 books of the Catholic Bible, which includes seven deuterocanonical books as a part of the Old Testament. The division between protocanonical and deuterocanonical books is not accepted by all Protestants who simply view books as being canonical or not and therefore classify books found in the Deuterocanon, along with other books, as part of the Apocrypha. Sometimes the term "Protestant Bible" is simply used as a shorthand for a bible which contains only the 66 books of the Old and New Testaments.
The earliest Bible translations into Polish date to the 13th century. The first full ones were completed in the 16th.
The initiator of Esperanto, L. L. Zamenhof, translated the entire Hebrew Bible into Esperanto. His translation has been much admired by Esperantists and is widely held up as a model or exemplar for other Esperanto authors and translators. Other translators have also edited and published Esperanto versions of the New Testament and Apocrypha.
The Bible has been translated into multiple Philippine languages, including Filipino language, based on the Tagalog, the national language of the Philippines.
The history of all Bible translations into Slavic languages begins with Bible translations into Church Slavonic. Other languages include:
Camaldolese Bible is the first known complete translation of Bible into Slovak language. The Bible was translated from Vulgate by Camaldolese monks at Červený Kláštor monastery. The completed translation had been rewritten in 1756–1759. The translation is characterized by the effort to use forms and expressions of common Slovak spoken language, with distinctive Western-Slovak elements and some literary linguistic elements of Czech origin. The manuscript had been found in the Roman Catholic parish house of Cífer.
Camaldolese Slovak is a variant of cultural Slovak language and can be called first attempt at creating standardized Slovak language. It is named after order of Camaldolese, which are credited as creators of at least two known books in this language:
The Czech Bible was soon being used among Slovak Protestants, and its language, called Biblical Czech or Slovakised Czech, was used in the Protestant liturgy until the 1980s. It also influenced the formation of the Slovak language…
The new Jesuit University in Trnava (1613–) trained priests in Slovak, and strove to reverse the Czech-Slovak sentiment which had become attached to works like the Kralice Bible. In the 1750s they produced a Catholic Slovak Bible…
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