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Freshwater ecosystems are a subset of Earth's aquatic ecosystems. They include lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, springs, bogs, and wetlands. They can be contrasted with marine ecosystems, which have a larger salt content. Freshwater habitats can be classified by different factors, including temperature, light penetration, nutrients, and vegetation. There are three basic types of freshwater ecosystems: Lentic, lotic and wetlands. Freshwater ecosystems contain 41% of the world's known fish species.
The philosophy of biology is a subfield of philosophy of science, which deals with epistemological, metaphysical, and ethical issues in the biological and biomedical sciences. Although philosophers of science and philosophers generally have long been interested in biology, philosophy of biology only emerged as an independent field of philosophy in the 1960s and 1970s, associated with the research of David Hull. Philosophers of science then began paying increasing attention to biology, from the rise of Neodarwinism in the 1930s and 1940s to the discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953 to more recent advances in genetic engineering. Other key ideas include the reduction of all life processes to biochemical reactions, and the incorporation of psychology into a broader neuroscience.
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Sarah Perin Otto is a theoretical biologist, Canada Research Chair in Theoretical and Experimental Evolution, and is currently a Killam Professor at the University of British Columbia. From 2008-2016, she was the director of the Biodiversity Research Centre at the University of British Columbia. Otto was named a 2011 MacArthur Fellow. In 2015 the American Society of Naturalists gave her the Sewall Wright Award for fundamental contributions to the unification of biology. In 2021, she was awarded the Darwin–Wallace Medal for contributing major advances to the mathematical theory of evolution.
iNaturalist is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit social network of naturalists, citizen scientists, and biologists built on the concept of mapping and sharing observations of biodiversity across the globe. iNaturalist may be accessed via its website or from its mobile applications. iNaturalist includes an automated species identification tool, and users further assist each other in identifying organisms from photographs and even sound recordings. As of 9 July 2024, iNaturalist users had contributed approximately 197,660,888 observations of plants, animals, fungi, and other organisms worldwide, and 290,007 users were active in the previous 30 days.
Erika S. Zavaleta is an American professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Zavaleta is recognized for her research focusing on topics including plant community ecology, conservation practices for terrestrial ecosystems, and impacts of community dynamics on ecosystem functions.
References
- ↑ "Bioliteracy for the Age of Biology". Biotech. Retrieved 2024-11-14.
- ↑ "Building a Bioliterate Future, One Organism at a Time". www.coa.edu. Retrieved 2024-11-14.
- 1 2 "Stanford professors promote bio-literacy through digital education | Digital Education". digitaleducation.stanford.edu. 2023-09-27. Retrieved 2024-11-14.
- 1 2 3 Hitchcock, Colleen; Sullivan, Jon; O’Donnell, Kelly (2021-12-01). "Cultivating Bioliteracy, Biodiscovery, Data Literacy, and Ecological Monitoring in Undergraduate Courses with iNaturalist". Citizen Science: Theory and Practice. 6 (1): 26. doi: 10.5334/cstp.439 . hdl: 10182/15268 . ISSN 2057-4991.
- ↑ Medina - Sandoval, Waldy; Gutiérrez- Ruiz, Ana Gabriela (2014-08-01). "Bioalfabetizando mediante experiencias en una biblioteca natural". InterSedes (in Spanish). 15 (31): 69–85. ISSN 2215-2458.
- ↑ Callaghan, Corey T.; Ozeroff, Ian; Hitchcock, Colleen; Chandler, Mark (2020-11-01). "Capitalizing on opportunistic citizen science data to monitor urban biodiversity: A multi-taxa framework". Biological Conservation. 251: 108753. Bibcode:2020BCons.25108753C. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108753. ISSN 0006-3207.
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