Black-yellow coalition

Logo der CDU

Logo der FDP

In Germany, a black-yellow coalition (German : schwarz-gelben Koalition) (short black-yellow; also called conservative-liberal, Christian-liberal, center-right or bourgeois coalition)^{[ citation needed ]} is a coalition between the Union (CDU/ CSU, party colour black) and the FDP (party color yellow). ^[1]

The term "black-yellow coalition" was unknown before 1972, as the FDP only adopted the color combination yellow/blue during the 1972 state election campaign in Baden-Württemberg. ^{[2] [3]}

Coalitions at the federal level

There were black-yellow coalitions at the federal level:

• 1961–1963 under Konrad Adenauer (also Cabinet Adenauer IV and V)
• 1963–1966 under Ludwig Erhard (including Erhard Cabinet I and II)
• 1982–1998 under Helmut Kohl (also Cabinet Kohl I, II, III, IV and V)
• 2009–2013 under Angela Merkel (also Cabinet Merkel II)

From 1949 to 1956, the FDP also participated in federal governments with the CDU/CSU under Konrad Adenauer. However, the German Party and, from 1953 to 1956, the BHE were also part of the government , so these were not purely Christian Democratic (CDU) and Free Democratic (FDP) governments.

Coalitions at the state level

From 27 June 2017 to 28 June 2022, a black-yellow coalition governed North Rhine-Westphalia under Minister-Presidents Armin Laschet and Hendrik Wüst (both CDU). This was the first black-yellow coalition at the state level since 2014. Currently,^{[ when? ]} there is no black-yellow coalition at the state level, although a majority would be mathematically possible in Schleswig-Holstein (where the black-green coalition governs). ^[4]

Baden-Württemberg

• 1960–1966 Kurt Georg Kiesinger
• 1996–2005 Erwin Teufel
• 2005–2010 Günther Oettinger
• 2010–2011 Stefan Mappus

Bavaria

• 2008–2013 Horst Seehofer

Berlin

• 1953–1955 Walther Schreiber
• 1983–1984 Richard von Weizsäcker
• 1984–1989 Eberhard Diepgen

Hesse

• 1987–1991 Walter Wallmann
• 1999–2003 Roland Koch
• 2009–2010 Roland Koch
• 2010–2014 Volker Bouffier

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

• 1990–1992 Alfred Gomolka
• 1992–1994 Berndt Seite

Lower Saxony

• 1977–1978 Ernst Albrecht
• 1986–1990 Ernst Albrecht
• 2003–2010 Christian Wulff
• 2010–2013 David McAllister

Nordrhein-Westfalen

State governments of North Rhine-Westphalia

• 1954–1956 Karl Arnold
• 1962–1966 Franz Meyers
• 2005–2010 Jürgen Rüttgers
• 2017–2021 Armin Laschet
• 2021–2022 Hendrik Wüst

Rhineland-Palatinate

• 1951–1969 Peter Altmeier
• 1969–1971 Helmut Kohl
• 1987–1988 Bernhard Vogel
• 1988–1991 Carl-Ludwig Wagner

Saarland

• 1961–1970 Franz-Josef Röder
• 1977–1979 Franz-Josef Röder
• 1979–1985 Werner Zeyer

Saxony

• 2009–2014 Stanislaw Tillich

Saxony-Anhalt

• 1990–1991 Gerd Gies
• 1991–1993 Werner Münch
• 1993–1994 Christoph Bergner
• 2002–2006 Wolfgang Böhmer

Schleswig-Holstein

• 1951–1951 Friedrich Wilhelm Lübke  [ de ]
• 1958–1962 Kai-Uwe von Hassel
• 1963–1971 Helmut Lemke
• 2009–2012 Peter Harry Carstensen

Thüringia

• 1990–1992 Josef Duchač
• 1992–1994 Bernhard Vogel

Debate

During the television debate between Angela Merkel and Frank-Walter Steinmeier during the 2009 German federal election, Maybrit Illner asked Merkel about her coalition plans – with Illner referring to the black-yellow coalition as the "Tiger Duck Coalition" (German : Tigerentenkoalition) – in reference to the black-and-yellow-striped Janosch character the Tiger Duck. While many media outlets rejected this neologism, it is often used by critics of the coalition because of its mocking undertone. ^{[5] [6] [7]}

References

1. Debus, Marc (2010). "Regierungsbildung, mterverteilung und Politikinhalte nach der Bundestagswahl 2009: Wer hat sich in der schwarz-gelben Koalition am besten durchgesetzt?". Zeitschrift für Politik. Neue Folge. 57 (4): 389–412. doi:10.5771/0044-3360-2010-4-389. ISSN   0044-3360. JSTOR   24229190.
2. "Politische Farbenlehre (20 politik&kommunikation – Oktober 2006)" (in German). Archived from the original on 9 March 2008.
3. "Von Jamaika nach Albanien? Wie die Parteien zu ihren Farben kamen: Eine kleine politische Farbenlehre" (in German). Archived from the original on 15 January 2009.
4. Knelangen, Wilhelm (2022). "Die schleswig-holsteinische Landtagswahl vom 8. Mai 2022: Aus "Jamaika" wird eine schwarz-grüne Koalition unter Wahlgewinner Daniel Günther". Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen (in German). 53 (3): 545–564. doi:10.5771/0340-1758-2022-3-545. JSTOR   27306776.
5. Hasewend, Ingo; Hasewend, Sonja (28 September 2009). "Der Triumph für Schwarz-Gelb". Kleine Zeitung . Archived from the original on 2 January 2010. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
6. "Grüne: Schluss mit der Tigerenten-Koalition". Augsburger Allgemeine (in German). Archived from the original on 25 September 2009.
7. "Generation Tigerente – Schwarz-Gelb ist für Leistungsträger unattraktiv". Berliner Morgenpost (in German). Archived from the original on 5 August 2012.

Further reading

• Grau, Andreas (2006). "Hinterherlaufen, "hinauskatapultieren" oder spalten? Zum Verhältnis von Union und FDP nach der Bundestagswahl 1969". Historisch-politische Mitteilungen (in German). 13: 77–92. doi:10.7788/hpm.2006.13.1.77.
• Steffens, Doris (2010). "Tigerentenkoalition – schon gehört? Zum neuen Wortschatz im Deutschen" (PDF). Sprachreport (in German). 1: 2–8.
• Walter, Franz (2004). "Zurück zum alten Bürgertum. CDU/CSU und FDP". APuZ (in German). 40: 32–38.