Blastoderm

A blastoderm (germinal disc, blastodisc) is a single layer of embryonic epithelial tissue that makes up the blastula. ^[1] It encloses the fluid-filled blastocoel. Gastrulation follows blastoderm formation, where the tips of the blastoderm begins the formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. ^[2]

Formation

The blastoderm is formed when the oocyte plasma membrane begins cleaving by invagination, creating multiple cells that arrange themselves into an outer sleeve to the blastocoel. ^[1]

In oviparous animals

In chicken eggs, the blastoderm represents a flat disc after embryonic fertilization. ^[3] At the edge of the blastoderm is the site of active migration by most cells. ^[4]

DNA repair genes are highly expressed in chicken blastoderms. ^[5]

See also

• Blastodisc
• Embryology
• Cleavage
• Gastrulation

References

1. Gilbert, Scott F. (2000). "Early Drosophila Development". Developmental Biology (6th ed.). Sunderland MA: Sinauer Associates. ISBN   0-87893-243-7. NBK10081.
2. "blastoderm". The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
3. "Tutorial on chick early development". www.ucl.ac.uk. University College London. 27 March 2019.
4. Bellairs, Ruth; Osmond, Mark (2014). "3. Early Stages". Atlas of Chick Development (3rd ed.). Academic Press. pp. 15–28. ISBN   978-0-12-384952-6.
5. Rengaraj D, Won S, Jung KM, Woo SJ, Lee H, Kim YM, Kim H, Han JY (January 2022). "Chicken blastoderms and primordial germ cells possess a higher expression of DNA repair genes and lower expression of apoptosis genes to preserve their genome stability". Sci Rep. 12 (1): 49. Bibcode:2022NatSR..12...49R. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-04417-y. PMC   8741993 . PMID   34997179.

• Campbell, Neil A.; Reece, Jane B. (2005). Biology (7th ed.). Pearson Publishing. ISBN   978-0-8053-7171-0.