| Boyana Waterfall | |
|---|---|
 Boyana Waterfall at spring | |
  Location of Boyana Waterfall In Bulgaria, Vitosha mountain | |
| Coordinates | Coordinates: 42°37′46″N23°15′16″E / 42.629444°N 23.254361°E |
| Type | Horsetail |
| Total height | 25 meters |
Boyana Waterfall is the largest waterfall in the Bulgaria n Vitosha mountain, with a height of 25 meters. [1]
Boyana Waterfall is formed under the waters of the Boyana River, which streams down the northern hills of Vitosha mountain. The base of the waterfall is located at 1260 meters altitude. The area has a well preserved and uncontaminated nature. In sunny days, the waterfall can sometimes be seen from the capital of Bulgaria - Sofia.
During the cold days of winter, the Boyana Waterfall freezes due to the shadowy valley of its location. The waterfall is easily accessible by foot but not by car. It is one of the important natural landmarks near Sofia. The quickest route to the Boyana waterfall is through the Kopitoto hotel and takes about one hour of walking. [2]
There are two hiking routes that you can take from different locations to reach the waterfall. The first one is the Boyana neighborhood in Sofia, which is located in the upper part of the Bulgarian capital. The hiking trails start from there upward and left toward the Boyana Lake, and upward right toward the Boyana Waterfall. Taking the route through the lake is longer but less steep. The route situated on the right is shorter but steeper and sometimes gets frozen during winter.
The second point you can start a hike from is Kopitoto which is an area situated on 1345 meters altitude in Vitosha mountain, which can be reached by car. Many expeditions toward Cherni Vrah pass through the Boyana Waterfall. [3]
The waterfall is used for alpine climbing during the winter season when it freezes. [4]
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Vitosha, the ancient Scomius or Scombrus, is a mountain massif, on the outskirts of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. Vitosha is one of the symbols of Sofia and the closest site for hiking, alpinism and skiing. Convenient bus lines and rope ways render the mountain easily accessible. Vitosha has the outlines of an enormous dome. The territory of the mountain includes Vitosha nature park that encompasses the best known and most frequently visited parts. The foothills of Vitosha shelter resort quarters of Sofia; Knyazhevo quarter has mineral springs. Vitosha is the oldest nature park in the Balkans. The mountain emerged as a result of volcanic activity and has been subsequently shaped by the slow folding of the granite rock layers and a series of gradual uplifts of the area. It appears dome shaped at first sight, but the mountain, 19 km long by 17 km wide, actually consists of concentric denudational plateaus rising in tiers one above the other. Vitosha is separated into four main parts whose main ridges gather at a crown known as Cherni Vrah. This is the highest point of the mountain at 2290 m and is one of 10 peaks of Vitosha over 2000 m in height. It is the highest massif of Srednogorie mountain chain system, together with Sredna gora, Plana (mountain), Lyulin Mountain, Greben (mountain), Viskyar Mountain, etc. They all are a result of the folding of the earth layers through the Mesozoic, causing also magma sheet-like intrusion that has been injected between layers of sedimentary rock. The lacolithic domed form of Vitosha is a typical example.
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