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Rhizobia are diazotrophic bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside the root nodules of legumes (Fabaceae). To express genes for nitrogen fixation, rhizobia require a plant host; they cannot independently fix nitrogen. In general, they are gram negative, motile, non-sporulating rods.
Rhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. Rhizobium species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of legumes and Parasponia.
Frankia is a genus of nitrogen-fixing, bacteria that live in symbiosis with actinorhizal plants, similar to the Rhizobium bacteria found in the root nodules of legumes in the family Fabaceae. Frankia also initiate the forming of root nodules.
Bradyrhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria, many of which fix nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation is an important part of the nitrogen cycle. Plants cannot use atmospheric nitrogen (N2); they must use nitrogen compounds such as nitrates.
Bradyrhizobium japonicum is a species of legume-root nodulating, microsymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The species is one of many Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria commonly referred to as rhizobia. Within that broad classification, which has three groups, taxonomy studies using DNA sequencing indicate that B. japonicum belongs within homology group II.
Cupriavidus taiwanensis is a Gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing bacterium of the genus Cupriavidus and family Burkholderiaceae, which forms indeterminate nodules on Mimosa pudica. The genome of C. taiwanensis is completely sequenced.
Bradyrhizobium liaoningense is a species of legume-root nodulating, microsymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium. It was first isolated from Glycine soja and Glycine max root nodules in China. Its type strain is strain 2281.
Bradyrhizobium canariense is a species of legume-root nodulating, endosymbiont nitrogen-fixing bacterium. It is acid-tolerant and nodulates endemic genistoid legumes from the Canary Islands. The type strain is BTA-1T.
Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense is a species of legume-root nodulating, endosymbiont nitrogen-fixing bacterium, associated with Lespedeza and Vigna species. Its type species is CCBAU 10071(T).
Bradyrhizobium iriomotense is a species of legume-root nodulating, endosymbiont nitrogen-fixing bacterium, first isolated from Entada koshunensis. The type strain is EK05T.
Bradyrhizobium betae is a species of legume-root nodulating, microsymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium first isolated from the roots of Beta vulgaris, hence its name. It is slow-growing an endophytic. The type strain is PL7HG1T.
Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens is a species of bacteria from the genus of Bradyrhizobium.
Bradyrhizobium oligotrophicum is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the genus of Bradyrhizobium which was isolated from rice paddy soil in Miyagi Prefecture in Japan.
Sinorhizobium medicae is a species of gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing, rod-shaped bacteria. They can be free-living or symbionts of leguminous plants in root nodules. S.medicae was first isolated from root nodules on plants in the genus Medicago. Some strains of S.medicae, like WSM419, are aerobic. They are chemoorganotrophic mesophiles that prefer temperatures around 28 °C. In addition to their primary genome, these organisms also have three known plasmids, sized 1,570,951 bp, 1,245,408 bp and 219,313 bp.
Microvirga vignae is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the genus of Microvirga which has been isolated from the Brazilian Semiarid region.
Paraburkholderia is a genus of Proteobacteria that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce and lodgepole pine with a strong potential to perform biological nitrogen fixation and plant growth promotion. Unlike Burkholderia species, Paraburkholderia members are not commonly associated with human infection. Paraburkholderia members form a monophyletic clade within the Burkholderiaceae family, which is what prompted their distinction as a genus independent from Burkholderia species, in combination with the finding of robust conserved signature indels which are unique to Paraburkholderia species, and are lacking in members of the genus Burkholderia. These CSIs distinguish the genus from all other bacteria. Additionally, the CSIs that were found to be shared by Burkholderia species are absent in Paraburkholderia, providing evidence of separate lineages.
Bradyrhizobium embrapense is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium.
Bradyrhizobium kavangense is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium from the genus Bradyrhizobium which has been isolated from the nodules of the cowpea Vigna unguiculata in the Kavango region in Namibia.
Bradyrhizobium tropiciagri is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium.
Bradyrhizobium viridifuturi is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium.
References
- ↑ "DSMZ - Bacterial Nomenclature Up-to-Date, Genus: Bradyrhizobium". www.dsmz.de.
- 1 2 "Bradyrhizobium stylosanthis". www.uniprot.org.
- ↑ Hungria, Mariangela; Delamuta, Jakeline Renata Marçon; Ribeiro, Renan Augusto; Araújo, Jean Luiz Simões; Rouws, Luc Felicianus Marie; Zilli, Jerri Édson; Parma, Marcia Maria; Melo, Itamar Soares (1 August 2016). "Bradyrhizobium stylosanthis sp. nov., comprising nitrogen-fixing symbionts isolated from nodules of the tropical forage legume Stylosanthes spp". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 66 (8): 3078–3087. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001148 . PMID 27169861.
- ↑ Delamuta, Jakeline Renata Marçon; Ribeiro, Renan Augusto; Gomes, Douglas Fabiano; Souza, Renata Carolini; Chueire, Ligia Maria Oliveira; Hungria, Mariangela (30 June 2016). "Genome Sequence of Bradyrhizobium stylosanthis Strain BR 446T, a Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiont of the Legume Pasture Stylosanthes guianensis". Genome Announcements. 4 (3): e00631-16. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00631-16. PMC 4929517 . PMID 27365354.