Related Research Articles
The military dictatorship in Brazil was established on 1 April 1964, after a coup d'état by the Brazilian Armed Forces, with support from the United States government, against President João Goulart. The Brazilian dictatorship lasted for 21 years, until 15 March 1985. The military coup was fomented by José de Magalhães Pinto, Adhemar de Barros, and Carlos Lacerda, then governors of the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Guanabara, respectively. The coup was planned and executed by the most senior commanders of the Brazilian Army and received the support of almost all high-ranking members of the military, along with conservative elements in society, like the Catholic Church and anti-communist civil movements among the Brazilian middle and upper classes. Internationally, it was supported by the US State Department through its embassy in Brasilia.
Vladimir Herzog, nicknamed Vlado by his family and friends, was a Brazilian journalist, university professor and playwright of Croatian-Jewish origin. He also developed a taste for photography, because of his film projects.
Paulo Evaristo Arns OFM was a Brazilian prelate of the Catholic Church, who was made a cardinal and the Archbishop of São Paulo by Pope Paul VI, and later became cardinal protopriest. His ministry began with a twenty-year academic career, but when charged with responsibility for the Sao Paulo Archdiocese he proved a relentless opponent of Brazil's military dictatorship and its use of torture as well as an advocate for the poor and a vocal defender of liberation theology. In his later years he openly criticized the way Pope John Paul II governed the Catholic Church through the Roman Curia and questioned his teaching on priestly celibacy and other issues.
Pau de arara[ˈpaw d͡ʒi äˈɾäɾɐ] is a torture method in which the victim is bound by the ankles and wrists, with the biceps under a pole and knees over it. The pau de arara torture method was widely used by during the military dictatorship in Brazil.
The National Liberation Action was a Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group in Brazil which fought against the Brazilian military dictatorship instated in 1964. The organization was founded by Carlos Marighella in 1967, following a split in the Brazilian Communist Party. It was the main left-wing armed organization in Brazil, standing out for the amount of militants it managed to attract. During its active years, the ALN was responsible for several notable acts, including bank robberies to finance guerilla warfare, the 1969 kidnapping of the United States Ambassador to Brazil, and taking other public figures hostage to be exchanged for jailed militants.
Zuleika Angel Jones, better known as Zuzu Angel, was a Brazilian-American fashion designer, who became famous for opposing the Brazilian military dictatorship after the forced disappearance of her son, Stuart. She was also the mother of journalist Hildegard Angel.
Sister Maurina O.S.F. (1926–2011), born Maurina Borges da Silveira, was a Brazilian Roman Catholic Franciscan Sister. She was the only Religious Sister to be arrested and tortured during the period of Brazil's military dictatorship (1964–1985).
Rubens Paiva was a Brazilian civil engineer and politician who, as a Congressman at the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies, opposed the implementation of a military dictatorship in Brazil in 1968. Due to his involvement with subversive activities, he was apprehended by the military forces and subsequently tortured and murdered.
Francisco Tenório Júnior was a Brazilian musician and composer. Despite recording only one album as a solo artist, he was considered one of the best pianists of his generation, and his fame as a virtuoso creator has increased over the years.
Torture Never Again is a Brazilian human rights organization, founded by Cecília Coimbra, a victim of Brazilian military torturers.
In Brazil, the National Truth Commission investigated human rights violations of the period of 1946–1988 - in particular by the authoritarian military dictatorship that ruled Brazil from April 1, 1964 to March 15, 1985.
Marx, Mao, Marighella, and Guevara (M3G) was an urban guerilla group active during the Brazilian military dictatorship. The group was active in Porto Alegre in 1969 and 1970, and founded by Edmur Péricles de Camargo, a former associate of Carlos Marighella.
Paulo Malhães was a Brazilian Army officer who died during a home invasion and robbery. Shortly before his death Malhães had acknowledged he had tortured and killed dissidents during the Brazilian military dictatorship, and was unapologetic for doing so. According to the South China Morning Post his death was suspected to have been an act of retaliation, but his autopsy demonstrated that he died of a heart attack.
In Brazil, the use of torture – either as a means of obtaining evidence through confession or as a form of punishment for prisoners – dates back to colonial times. A legacy of the Inquisition, torture never ceased to be applied in Brazil during the 322 years of the colonial period, nor later, during the 67 years of the Empire and the republican period.
Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra was a Brazilian army officer and politician who served as a colonel in the Brazilian Army.
The March of the Family with God for Liberty was a series of public demonstrations in Brazil. The first march was held in São Paulo on March 19, 1964, on St Joseph's Day, Saint Joseph being the patron saint of the family, and attracted an estimated 300,000 to 500,000 attendees.
A Verdade Sufocada - A História que a Esquerda não quer que o Brasil conheça (2006) is the second memoir of the retired colonel of the Brazilian Army, Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra, the first Brazilian military man convicted of practicing torture during the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985).
Ternuma is a non-governmental organization formed in 1998 by military, ex-military, family members and their sympathizers that aims to interdict and deny the past about the military dictatorship in Brazil from 1964 to 1985.
The systemic human rights abuses of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985) included extrajudicial killings, forced disappearances, torture, arbitrary detention, and severe restrictions on freedom of speech. Human Rights Watch has described the human rights abuses of the Military dictatorship in Brazil as crimes against humanity.
Jaime Nelson Wright was a Brazilian presbyterian pastor and human rights activist.
References
- ↑ "Projeto Brasil Nunca Mais - História dos Direitos Humanos no Brasil" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 4 June 2015. Portuguese version of the book.
- ↑ "Commission of Inquiry: Brazil - United States Institute for Peace" . Retrieved 4 June 2015.
- ↑ Dassin, Joan (1998). Torture in Brazil: A Shocking Report on the Pervasive Use of Torture by Brazilian Military Governments, 1964-1979, Secretly Prepared by the Archdiocese of São Paulo - GoogleBooks. ISBN 9780292704848 . Retrieved 4 June 2015.
- ↑ Catholic Church. Archdiocese of São Paulo (1998). Torture in Brazil : a shocking report on the pervasive use of torture by Brazilian military governments, 1964-1979. Joan Dassin, Jaime Wright. Austin, Tex.: Institute of Latin American Studies, University of Texas. p. 50. ISBN 0-585-27508-4. OCLC 45727633.
- ↑ "Apresentação - Grupo Tortura Nunca Mais" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 6 March 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2015. Bahia branch site of the group.
 | This article about a political book is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
 | This article about politics in Brazil is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
  | This article about the history of Brazil is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |