Service
Deodoro [upper-alpha 2] was laid down by the French shipbuilding company Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée in 1896, [1] [2] supervised by Admiral José Cândido Guillobel. [3] Its construction was temporarily suspended by the Brazilians while they modified its design. [1] It was launched on 18 June 1898, after a ceremony that was attended by representatives from Brazil, the French Navy, and a Russian gunboat. Its christening was accomplished with an electric button, which sent a signal to cut a cord and let a bottle of champagne break on the ship. At the beginning of the Spanish–American War (1898), officials from both participants traveled to France to inspect the incomplete Deodoro and sister ship Floriano in view of purchasing them for the conflict. Neither was close enough to completion to make such an acquisition worthwhile. [4]
Deodoro was completed in 1900, [2] and its trials were successful, including a 24-hour trial with a mean speed of 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph). [5] After the ship was handed over to Brazil, the ship left France en route for Brazil, stopping along the way in the Spanish Canary Islands. A nearby British warship, which was at that time engaged in the Second Boer War, suspected the ship of being a Boer-chartered privateer heading south to interfere with British merchant ships plying along the coast of southern Africa. Although the Brazilians were able to convince the British of their identity, they steamed with lights off for the next night or two in an effort to avoid further confusion with any other warships. [6] Deodoro arrived in Brazil on 18 February 1900. [7]
Deodoro saw its first action in 1904, when it shelled rebelling soldiers at the military school at Praia Vermelha [ pt ]. [7] Six years later, its own crew rebelled as part of the Revolt of the Lash. The Brazilian Navy at the time was heavily segregated between white officers and a broadly black or mulatto enlisted sailors, and the former would often violently punish the latter for even minor transgressions. Tensions came to a head in November 1910, when sailors aboard the new dreadnought Minas Geraes rebelled, and the crews of Deodoro, another new dreadnought (São Paulo), a new cruiser (Bahia), and several smaller vessels joined. The revolt ended peacefully, and the mutineers were granted an amnesty that was later cancelled. [8]
In 1912, the Brazilian Navy overhauled Deodoro in Rio de Janeiro, fitting a new propulsion system and armament. [9] In September and October 1913, the ship took part in a major naval exercise with the majority of the Brazilian fleet, which was observed by the country's president, naval minister, and other politicians. [7]
During the First World War, the navy placed Deodoro in its northern squadron, which was responsible for neutrality patrols in the area between the states of Amazonas (located up the Amazon River) and Sergipe. Deodoro, the detachment's flagship, was joined in this task by Floriano, two cruisers, two destroyers, and the six vessels of Brazil's Amazon River flotilla. [3] [7] [10]
On 19 April 1924, Brazil sold the ship to the Mexican Navy, where it was renamed Anáhuac. [3] [11] The Brazilians used the money gained (eight thousand contos) to purchase a submarine from Italy, Humaytá. [12] No further upgrades were made to Anáhuac in its remaining service life, and the Mexican Navy sold it for scrap in 1938. [11]
São Paulo was a dreadnought battleship of the Brazilian Navy. It was the second of two ships in the Minas Geraes class, and was named after the state and city of São Paulo.
Minas Geraes, spelled Minas Gerais in some sources, was a dreadnought battleship of the Brazilian Navy. Named in honor of the state of Minas Gerais, the ship was laid down in April 1907 as the lead ship of its class, making the country the third to have a dreadnought under construction and igniting a naval arms race between Brazil, Argentina, and Chile.
Bahia was the lead ship of a two-vessel class of cruisers built for Brazil by the British company Armstrong Whitworth. Crewmen mutinied in November 1910 aboard Bahia, Deodoro, Minas Geraes, and São Paulo, beginning the four-day Revolta da Chibata. Brazil's capital city of Rio de Janeiro was held hostage by the possibility of a naval bombardment, leading the government to give in to the rebel demands which included the abolition of flogging in the navy. During the First World War, Bahia and its sister ship Rio Grande do Sul were assigned to the Divisão Naval em Operações de Guerra, the Brazilian Navy's main contribution in that conflict. The squadron was based in Sierra Leone and Dakar and escorted convoys through an area believed to be heavily patrolled by U-boats.
The Bahia class was a pair of scout cruisers built for Brazil by Armstrong Whitworth in the United Kingdom, based on a design that borrowed heavily from the British Adventure-class scout cruisers. The class comprised the lead ship Bahia and her sister Rio Grande do Sul, along with a canceled third ship, Ceara. Both were named after states of Brazil. As a class, they were the fastest cruisers in the world when commissioned, and the first in the Brazilian Navy to use steam turbines for propulsion.
Two Minas Geraes-class battleships were built for the Brazilian Navy in the early twentieth century. Named Minas Geraes and São Paulo, these "dreadnought" warships were intended to be Brazil's first step towards becoming an international power, and they consequently initiated a South American naval arms race.
A naval arms race among Argentina, Brazil and Chile—the wealthiest and most powerful countries in South America—began in the early twentieth century when the Brazilian government ordered three dreadnoughts, formidable battleships whose capabilities far outstripped older vessels in the world's navies.
Rio Grande do Sul was a Bahia-class cruiser built for the Brazilian Navy in 1909–10.
The Revolt of the Lash was a naval mutiny in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in late November 1910. It was the direct result of the use of whips ("lashes") by white naval officers when punishing Afro-Brazilian and mixed-race enlisted sailors.
The Deodoro class were two French-designed and built coastal defense battleships built for the Brazilian Navy in the late 1890s. Upon their completion, Scientific American called them small vessels of a type "built only for second-rate naval powers," but also noted that it was a "wonder ... so much armor and armament could be carried" on a ship of its size. They served the Brazilian Navy as its only modern armored warships until the arrival of two dreadnoughts in 1910.
Floriano was a Deodoro-class coastal defense ship built for the Brazilian Navy at the end of the nineteenth century.
Pará was the lead ship of Pará-class destroyers of the Brazilian Navy, serving from 1909 to 1936. She was named after the Brazilian state of Pará.
Amazonas was a Pará-class destroyer of the Brazilian Navy, serving from 1909 to 1931. She was named after the Brazilian state of Amazonas.
Mato Grosso was a Pará-class destroyer of the Brazilian Navy, serving from 1909 to 1946. She was named after the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso.
Paraíba was a Pará-class destroyer of the Brazilian Navy, serving from 1909 to 1944. She was named after the Brazilian state of Paraíba.
Alagoas was a Pará-class destroyer of the Brazilian Navy, serving from 1909 to 1939. She was named after the Brazilian state of Alagoas.
Santa Catarina was a Pará-class destroyer of the Brazilian Navy, serving from 1910 to 1944. She was named after the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina.
Paraná was a Pará-class destroyer of the Brazilian Navy, serving from 1910 to 1933. She was named after Brazilian state of Paraná.
Sergipe was a Pará-class destroyer of the Brazilian Navy, serving from 1910 to 1944. She was named after the Brazilian state of Sergipe.
The Foca class, or simply F, was the first naval class of submarines operated by the Brazilian Navy. It consisted of the F1, F3 and F5 submarines designed by Italian naval engineer Cesare Laurenti and built in La Spezia, Italy. The name Foca comes from the Portuguese vessel of the class. The class was part of Brazil's 1906 naval program to acquire warships to modernize its navy. The submarines were acquired to serve as a training and maintenance platform for the crews, with few naval actions during the 19 years they were active. The navy incorporated the class on 17 July 1914 and, as a result, expanded its naval structure to house these new vessels, such as the creation of the first naval school for submariners and the incorporation of ships designed to support submarines only.
Tamoio was a torpedo cruiser operated by the Brazilian Navy, belonging to the Tupi class along with Tupi and Tymbira. The vessel was one of three from the so-called "White Division", on a mission to transport Brazilian president Campos Sales to Argentina in 1900. The ship was decommissioned in 1916.
Brazil
Mexico