Brian R. Murphy | |
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| Born | 1942 |
| Title | Co-chief, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | Wesleyan University, University of Rochester Medical School |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Virology,Molecular Biology |
| Sub-discipline | Viral vaccine development |
| Notable students | James E. Crowe ('90-'93) [1] |
Brian R. Murphy is an American virologist and former co-chief of the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease. [2]
Brian Murphy was born in 1942. [3] He completed his undergraduate B.S. degree from Wesleyan University in 1964. He then went on to medical training,completing his M.D. in 1969 at the University of Rochester Medical School,and internship the next year at Stanford University Hospital. [2] He moved to the National Institutes of Health in 1970 as a research associate in the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases within the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease. [4] [2] In 1983,he was promoted to head the respiratory viruses section of the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases. [2] In 2001,he became co-chief of the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases with Robert H. Purcell. [2] He retired from the National Institutes of Health in 2010. [3]
Brian Murphy received the inaugural Robert M. Chanock award for lifetime achievements in RSV research at the Respiratory Syncytial Virus 2003 symposium in November 2003. [5]
He served on the editorial board of the Journal of Virology. [6]
Murphy's research has focused on vaccine development for various viruses. In particular,his group is known for working on developing vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus,parainfluenza virus,influenza virus,dengue virus,and West Nile virus. [3] [2]
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),also called human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human orthopneumovirus,is a common,contagious virus that causes infections of the respiratory tract. It is a negative-sense,single-stranded RNA virus. Its name is derived from the large cells known as syncytia that form when infected cells fuse.
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Pneumoviridae and is closely related to the Avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) subgroup C. It was isolated for the first time in 2001 in the Netherlands by using the RAP-PCR technique for identification of unknown viruses growing in cultured cells. It is the second most common cause after Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) of lower respiratory infection in young children.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases is one of the 27 institutes and centers that make up the National Institutes of Health (NIH),an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). NIAID's mission is to conduct basic and applied research to better understand,treat,and prevent infectious,immunologic,and allergic diseases.
Gregory Antone Prince is an American pathology researcher,businessman,author,social critic,and historian of the Latter Day Saint movement.
Palivizumab,sold under the brand name Synagis,is a monoclonal antibody produced by recombinant DNA technology used to prevent severe disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. It is recommended for infants at high-risk for RSV due to conditions such as prematurity or other medical problems including heart or lung diseases.
The National Institute of Virology in Pune,India is an Indian virology research institute and part of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). It was previously known as 'Virus Research Centre' and was founded in collaboration with the Rockefeller Foundation. It has been designated as a WHO H5 reference laboratory for SE Asia region.
Influenza-like illness (ILI),also known as flu-like syndrome or flu-like symptoms,is a medical diagnosis of possible influenza or other illness causing a set of common symptoms. These include fever,shivering,chills,malaise,dry cough,loss of appetite,body aches,and nausea,sneezing typically in connection with a sudden onset of illness. In most cases,the symptoms are caused by cytokines released by immune system activation,and are thus relatively non-specific.
The Vaccine Research Center (VRC),is an intramural division of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID),part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH),US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The mission of the VRC is to discover and develop both vaccines and antibody-based products that target infectious diseases.
Robert Merritt Chanock was an American pediatrician and virologist who made major contributions to the prevention and treatment of childhood respiratory infections in more than 50 years spent at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
George Rainer Siber is a medical researcher and vaccine expert with 47 years of experience in developing numerous vaccines,therapeutic antibodies,and diagnostic agents for infectious diseases.
Robert Harry Purcell is an American virologist and former co-chief of the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases at the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease. He is known for his work on hepatitis viruses,and was involved in identifying hepatitis A virus,hepatitis D virus,and hepatitis E virus,developing an animal model for hepatitis B,and developing the hepatitis A vaccine.
Gary J. Nabel is an American virologist and immunologist,and President and chief executive officer of ModeX Therapeutics in Natick,Massachusetts.
James Earl Crowe Jr. is an American immunologist and pediatrician as well as Professor of Pediatrics and Pathology,Microbiology,and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
A respiratory syncytial virus vaccine is a vaccine which prevents infection by respiratory syncytial virus. As of 2021,no licensed vaccine against RSV exists.
Emmie de Wit is a Dutch-American virologist. She is chief of the molecular pathogenesis unit at the Rocky Mountain Laboratories. Her research combines pathogenesis studies with detailed molecular analyses to identify molecular determinants of severe respiratory tract disease within the virus and the host.
Kizzmekia "Kizzy" Shanta Corbett is an American viral immunologist. She is an Assistant Professor of Immunology and Infectious Diseases at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and the Shutzer Assistant Professor at the Harvard Radcliffe Institute since June 2021.
Nicole Amy Doria-Rose(born 1970) is an American biologist. She is chief of the humoral immunology core at the Vaccine Research Center. She develops and applies assays to evaluate HIV-1 specific antibody responses during natural infection and after immunization.
Jason S. McLellan is a structural biologist,professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences and Robert A. Welch Chair in Chemistry at The University of Texas at Austin who specializes in understanding the structure and function of viral proteins,including those of coronaviruses. His research focuses on applying structural information to the rational design of vaccines and other therapies for viruses,including SARS-CoV-2,the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19. McLellan and his team collaborated with researchers at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases’Vaccine Research Center to design a stabilized version of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein,which biotechnology company Moderna used as the basis for the vaccine mRNA-1273,the first COVID-19 vaccine candidate to enter phase I clinical trials in the U.S. At least three other vaccines use this modified spike protein:those from Pfizer and BioNTech;Johnson &Johnson and Janssen Pharmaceuticals;and Novavax.
John R. Mascola is an American physician-scientist,immunologist and infectious disease specialist. He was the director of the Vaccine Research Center (VRC),part of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID),National Institutes of Health (NIH). He also served as a principal advisor to Anthony Fauci,director of NIAID,on vaccines and biomedical research affairs.
Kanta Subbarao is an Indian virologist,molecular geneticist,and physician-scientist. She is director of the World Health Organization collaborating centre for reference and research on influenza. Subbarao is also a professor at the Doherty Institute.
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