See also
Other books by San Miguel:
Non-fiction about Mexican-Americans in Houston:
Fiction about Mexican-Americans in Houston:
Brown, Not White: School Integration and the Chicano Movement in Houston is a 2005 book by Guadalupe San Miguel, Jr., published by the Texas A&M University Press. Brown, Not White discusses Chicano activism in Houston, Texas during the 20th century.
It is the third volume in the University of Houston (UH) Series in Mexican American Studies, sponsored by the UH Center of Mexican American Studies. Dr. Tatcho Mindiola Jr. sponsored this publication series. [1] [2]
Part one discusses the development of the Mexican-American community of Houston from 1900-1960. [3] This section discusses how Hispanic activists of the day sought to have Hispanics classified as White Americans. [4] Specifically chapter 1 discusses the Hispanic community prior to World War II, and chapter 2 discusses Mexican children in the schools and how they were affected by educational policies. Chapter 3 discusses efforts from Hispanic individuals to reform the school system. [5] Chapter 4 documents debates on how to reform the education system that took place within the Hispanic community. [6]
Part two describes the campaign for the Hispanic community to be recognized as a non-white minority, rather than white, in regards to a Houston Independent School District (HISD) desegregation plan. [7] In its initial 1970 desegregation plan, [8] HISD was trying to "desegregate" by mixing black and Mexican students together while not including Anglo Whites in the desegregation plan, and using the Mexican students' designation as "white" as a workaround. [9] Mexicans responded by launching a strike, or huelga, against HISD. [8]
Part three goes into detail regarding movements to classify Mexican-Americans as being a part of the racial minority groups. [7] The book discusses the efforts of the Mexican American Educational Council (MAEC), an organization fighting HISD's original desegregation program, to be recognized by HISD and the court system. [10]
José M. Alamillo of Washington State University wrote that "[o]ne of the most important contributions" of this book was saying that men and women of varying social classes and ages were central to the Chicano movement, rather than Carlos Muñoz's statements saying that students were central to the movement. [10]
Rodolfo Rosales of the University of Texas at San Antonio described chapters 5-7, which discuss the Mexican community's implementation of the school reform movement, as the "heart of the narrative". [6]
San Miguel previously wrote "Let All of Them Take Heed": Mexican Americans and the Campaign for Educational Equality in Texas, 1910-1981 , [3] described by Thomas H. Kreneck of Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi as "an important history of Mexican American educational reform in the Lone Star State". [11]
San Miguel encountered information on the huelgas while researching the history of Houston's education system and decided to write a book about the subject. [12]
San Miguel used information from the Houston Metropolitan Research Center for this book. [1]
Alamillo wrote that the book "contributes significantly to the history of Chicano movement and school desegregation in the American West" and he recommended that teachers, community activists, and officials in school systems read the book. [10] He argued that the author should have more fully explored racial conflicts between blacks and Hispanics. [10]
Barbara J. Shircliffe of the University of South Florida wrote that the author "greatly contributes to our understanding of the influence of the Chicano movement on local school activism among a broad group of Mexican Americans during the period." [13] She suggested that the author could have added more information regarding Mexican-Black relations, especially regarding local politics and educational politics. [14]
Gilbert G. Gonzalez of the University of California, Irvine wrote that the author "examines and analyzes" the history "so well". [15]
Kreneck wrote that the book was "strong" but that it should have included a bibliography and acknowledgments section. [1]
Anthony Quiroz of TAMU Corpus Christi wrote that the book is "a fascinating and important account of the Chicano huelga in Houston" and he also stated that it could have benefited from more deeply discussing Black-Hispanic tensions. [16]
Rosales supported how the author "made a conscious choice to provide an illuminating story where he provided more direction than analysis" but he added that sometimes the author provided "too much detail, which tended to clog, so to speak, the analysis." [6]
Other books by San Miguel:
Non-fiction about Mexican-Americans in Houston:
Fiction about Mexican-Americans in Houston:
The Houston Independent School District (HISD) is the largest public school system in Texas, and the eighth-largest in the United States. Houston ISD serves as a community school district for most of the city of Houston and several nearby and insular municipalities in addition to some unincorporated areas. Like most districts in Texas, it is independent of the city of Houston and all other municipal and county jurisdictions. The district has its headquarters in the Hattie Mae White Educational Support Center in Houston.
Stephen F. Austin High School is a secondary school located at 1700 Dumble Street in Houston, Texas, United States. The school handles grades nine through twelve and is a part of the Houston Independent School District. In 2013, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.
Heights High School, formerly John H. Reagan High School, is a senior high school located in the Houston Heights in Houston, Texas. It serves students in grades nine through twelve and is a part of the Houston Independent School District.
San Jacinto High School was a secondary school located at 1300 Holman Street in Houston, Texas; now part of the Houston Community College Central College, Central Campus. San Jacinto High School was located in the area now known as Midtown. It was a part of the Houston Independent School District (HISD). It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on December 4, 2012.
José Angel Gutiérrez, is an attorney and professor at the University of Texas at Arlington in the United States. He was a founding member of the Mexican American Youth Organization (MAYO) in San Antonio in 1967, and a founding member and past president of the Raza Unida Party, a Mexican-American third party movement that supported candidates for elective office in Texas, California, and other areas of the Southwestern and Midwestern United States.
The Chicano Movement, also referred to as El Movimiento, was a social and political movement in the United States that worked to embrace a Chicano/a identity and worldview that combated structural racism, encouraged cultural revitalization, and achieved community empowerment by rejecting assimilation. Chicanos also expressed solidarity and defined their culture through the development of Chicano art during El Movimiento, and stood firm in preserving their religion.
Chicana feminism is a sociopolitical movement, theory, and praxis that scrutinizes the historical, cultural, spiritual, educational, and economic intersections impacting Chicanas and the Chicana/o community in the United States. Chicana feminism empowers women to challenge institutionalized social norms and regards anyone a feminist who fights for the end of women's oppression in the community.
Northside High School, formerly Jefferson Davis High School, is a secondary school located at 1101 Quitman in the Near Northside neighborhood of Northside, Houston, Texas with a ZIP code of 77009. The school was previously named after Jefferson Davis, the only president of the Confederate States of America.
Phillis Wheatley High School is a secondary school located at 4801 Providence Street in Houston, Texas, United States with a ZIP code of 77020. Wheatley is a part of the Houston Independent School District. Wheatley, named after Phillis Wheatley, is located inside the 610 Loop in the Fifth Ward.
Charles H. Milby High School is a public secondary school at 1601 Broadway in the East End, Houston, Texas, United States. It serves grades 9 through 12, and is a part of the Houston Independent School District.
Dora B. Lantrip Elementary School is a primary school at 100 Telephone Road in the Eastwood community in the East End region of Houston, Texas, United States. The school is within the Houston Independent School District (HISD).
The city of Houston has significant populations of Mexican Americans, Mexican immigrants, and Mexican citizen expatriates. Houston residents of Mexican origin make up the oldest Hispanic ethnic group in Houston, and Jessi Elana Aaron and José Esteban Hernández, authors of "Quantitative evidence for contact-induced accommodation: Shifts in /s/ reduction patterns in Salvadoran Spanish in Houston," referring to another large Latino group in Houston, stated that as of 2007 it was the most "well-established" Hispanophone ethnic group there. Houston is the third city for Mexican immigrants after Chicago and Los Angeles.
The Mexican-American Educational Council (MAEC) was a post Chicano-movement non-profit organization in the Houston, Texas area. Its principal goal was to achieve equitable access to public education for Mexican Americans in Texas.
This is a Mexican American bibliography. This list consists of books, and journal articles, about Mexican Americans, Chicanos, and their history and culture. The list includes works of literature whose subject matter is significantly about Mexican Americans and the Chicano/a experience. This list does not include works by Mexican American writers which do not address the topic, such as science texts by Mexican American writers.
In the United States, school integration is the process of ending race-based segregation within American public and private schools. Racial segregation in schools existed throughout most of American history and remains an issue in contemporary education. During the Civil Rights Movement school integration became a priority, but since then de facto segregation has again become prevalent.
The Church in the Barrio: Mexican American Ethno-Catholicism in Houston is a 2006 book by Roberto R. Treviño, published by the University of North Carolina Press. The work covers the years 1911-1972 and discusses the relationship between the Mexican-American community and the Catholic church, and the "ethno-Catholicism" among Houston's Mexicans. This ethno-Catholism consisted of the cultural interaction between Irish American priests, religious practices of the indigenous Mexicans, and Mexican customs.
Make Haste Slowly: Moderates, Conservatives, and School Desegregation in Houston is a 1999 book by William Henry Kellar, published by Texas A&M Press, which discusses school desegregation in Houston, Texas, involving the Houston Independent School District. The book's main focus is 1954–1960.
The following is a timeline of Latino civil rights in the United States.
Huelga, "strike" or "freedom" schools were alternative schools set up in Houston in order to continue the education of boycotting Mexican-American students between 1970 and 1972. The schools were coordinated by Sister Gloria Gallardo and Tina Reyes. Curriculum for the schools was developed by committee with professor Edward Gonzáles acting as the head. Students learned basic skills such as reading and writing as well as history and culture.
A Mexican American is a resident of the United States who is of Mexican descent. Mexican American-related topics include the following:
