Buitenzorg Residency (Dutch : Residentie Buitenzorg) was an administrative division (Residency) of the Dutch East Indies located in western Java which existed from 1817 to 1867 and from 1925 to 1942. [1] [2] Its seat was at Buitenzorg (today Bogor, Indonesia) which was also the seat of the colonial government of the Indies after 1905.
The region of the future Buitenzorg Residency was a part of the Sunda Kingdom from the fifth century onwards, with its capital at Pakuan Pajajaran (located roughly around present-day Bogor). [3] As the Banten Sultanate grew in influence, the Sunda Kingdom gradually lost territory to it, until 1579 when its capital was sacked by Banten and the kingdom ceased to exist; the city itself became depopulated as well.
In 1745 the area of the future city of Buitenzorg was gifted to Governor General Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff, who gave it its name and established it as the site of the Governor General's residence for the following two centuries. [1] The Napoleonic governor of the Indies Herman Willem Daendels divided Java into prefectures during his brief rule, and created one at Buitenzorg which was south of the Batavia prefecture, bordered on the western side by Banten and to the south by Preanger. [2] [4]
After the departure of the British from Java, the Dutch reorganized the island into a new set of subdivisions called Residencies. [2] The Buitenzorg Residency was created with the same borders as the Prefecture created by Daendels. The first Resident in 1817–8 was F. E. Hardy.
The second Resident, who took office in 1818, was Carel Sirardus Willem van Hogendorp, future Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies. The third was Johan Gerard van Angelbeek, who held the post from 1823–6. After that the status of Buitenzorg was downgraded from a full residency to an independent Assistant Residency, until 1867 when it was abolished and incorporated into an enlarged Batavia Residency. [1]
A new Buitenzorg Residency was created in 1925 as a result of the administrative restructuring which created a number of new Residencies in Java. Roughly one quarter of the Batavia Residency was separated into a new Buitenzorg Residency with essential the same borders as the one created in 1817, with Hendrik Kool as Resident. [2] The next resident was Frederik Willem Slangen, who held the office from June 1927 to October 1929. After that, the Resident was Leendert Gerardus Cornelis Adrianus van der Hoek who held the office until October 1931. It was used as a unit of measure in the 1930 Dutch East Indies census; the Residency was estimated to have a population of 1,121,615, of which around 90 per cent were Native Indonesians, 5 per cent Chinese Indonesians, and the rest Europeans and others. [5]
The borders established in 1925 were changed again in 1931, with many of the new Residencies being abolished; Buitenzorg was expanded to absorb the former West-Priangan Residency, more than doubling its size, and with Pieter Marinus Letterie as the new Resident. [2] In November 1933 Alexander Hendrik de Jong became the new Resident. Finally, in March 1937 Cornelis van Rossen became the final Resident, holding office until the Japanese invasion in 1942. The larger Buitenzorg Residency borders remained in place for the final years of Dutch rule in Java; its borders were retained during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies but it was renamed to the Indonesian name Bogor; in the early years of Indonesian independence it briefly existed as well, but it was eventually abolished an incorporated into the new West Java province. [2]
Banten is the westernmost province on the island of Java, Indonesia. Its capital city is Serang and its largest city is Tangerang. The province borders West Java and the Special Capital Region of Jakarta on the east, the Java Sea on the north, the Indian Ocean on the south, and the Sunda Strait on the west and shares a maritime border with Bengkulu and Lampung to the east and Bangka Belitung Islands to the north. The province covers an area of 9,352.77 km2 (3,611.12 sq mi). It had a population of over 11.9 million in the 2020 census, up from about 10.6 million in 2010. The estimated mid-2023 population was 12.308 million. Formerly part of the province of West Java, Banten was split off to become a province on 17 October 2000.
Batavia was the capital of the Dutch East Indies. The area corresponds to present-day Jakarta, Indonesia. Batavia can refer to the city proper or its suburbs and hinterland, the Ommelanden, which included the much larger area of the Residency of Batavia in the present-day Indonesian provinces of Jakarta, Banten and West Java.
Bogor is a city in the West Java province, Indonesia. Located around 60 kilometers (37 mi) south of the national capital of Jakarta, Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide. The city covers an area of 111.39 km2, and it had a population of 950,334 in the 2010 Census and 1,043,070 in the 2020 Census. The official estimate as at the end of 2023 was 1,127,408. Bogor is an important economic, scientific, cultural, and tourist center, as well as a mountain resort.
The Bogor Palace is one of six presidential palaces of Indonesia, it is located in the city of Bogor, West Java. The palace is noted for its distinctive architectural and historical features, as well as the adjoining botanical gardens. Istana Bogor was opened to the public in 1968 to public tour groups, with the permission of the acting president of Indonesia, Suharto. The gardens of the palace covers an area of 284,000 square metres.
The Great Post Road is the name for the historical road that runs across Java that connects Anyer and Panarukan. It was built during the reign of Herman Willem Daendels (1808–1811), governor-general of the Dutch East Indies, using unpaid forced labor that cost thousands of lives.
Jatinegara is one of the districts of the administrative city of East Jakarta, Indonesia. The name also refers to the larger, historic area of the colonial town of Meester Cornelis. Established in the 17th century, Jatinegara is one of the oldest areas in Jakarta, and contains a number of buildings from the colonial period.
The Banten Sultanate was a Bantenese Islamic trading kingdom founded in the 16th century and centred in Banten, a port city on the northwest coast of Java; the contemporary English name of both was Bantam. It is said to have been founded by Sunan Gunungjati, who had previously founded Cirebon.
The North Coast Road is a road 1,430 km in length, that connects Cilegon and Banyuwangi along the northern coast of Java, particularly between Jakarta and Surabaya.
Parahyangan or Priangan is a cultural and mountainous region in West Java province on the Indonesian island of Java. Covering a little less than one-sixth of Java, it is the heartland of Sundanese people and their culture. It is bordered to the West by Banten province, to the North by the northern coast region of Subang, Cirebon, and Indramayu, to the east by Central Java province, and to the south by the Indian Ocean.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Jakarta, Indonesia.
Cipanas is a town in Cipanas district, in the northern part of the Cianjur Regency, West Java, Indonesia. It is situated in the valley of Mount Gede, 86 kilometres (53 mi) south-east of the Indonesian capital city of Jakarta. The name of the town means "hot water" or "hot spring" in Sundanese, due to the presence of sulphuric hot springs in the area.
The French and British interregnum in the Dutch East Indies of the Dutch East Indies took place between 1806 and 1816. The French ruled between 1806 and 1811, while the British took over for 1811 to 1816 and transferred its control back to the Dutch in 1816.
N.V. Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij, abbreviated to NIS, NISM or N.V. NISM was a private-owned railways company in charge of rail transport in Java, Dutch East Indies. The company's headquarters were in Semarang, Central Java. The company started its maiden route from Semarang to Vorstenlanden and in 1873 they also built their line to the Willem I Railway Station of Ambarawa–Kedungjati and Batavia–Buitenzorg lines. Later the network expanded to Bandung and Surabaya. It was absorbed into the present Kereta Api Indonesia after Indonesian independence in 1945. It was the main competitor to Staatsspoorwegen as state-owned railway company and established on April 6, 1875.
The History of Bogor includes various rulers leading up to the development of the densely populated Indonesian city of Bogor. The City of Bogor was once the capital of Sunda Kingdom and was known as Pakuan Pajajaranknown. When the Dutch took over, the town was included in an administrative division known as Buitenzorg during the Dutch East Indies era. After independence, the city became part of the Bogor Regency. It has its history reflected in its architecture which includes buildings from the colonial, modern, post-modern, and contemporary periods. Bogor is located south of Jakarta on the island of Java, Indonesia. It is known for its Bogor Palace, Bogor Botanical Garden.
Marine Hotel was one of the former landmark of the Molenvliet, a 17th-century built canal located in Batavia, the Dutch East Indies. Marine Hotel was located at the south end of Molenvliet West, approximately at the location of the old building of Bank Tabungan Negara. The building has been demolished.
Preanger Regencies Residency, sometimes referred to as Preanger Residency and renamed Priangan Residency after 1931, was an administrative division (residency) of the Dutch East Indies located in Parahyangan, West Java which existed from 1817 to 1925. Its capital was in Cianjur until 1856 and thereafter in Bandung. The residency contained the municipality of Bandung and the regencies of Bandoeng, Soemedang, Tasikmalaja, Tjiamis and Garoet.
Semarang Residency was an administrative subdivision (Residency) of the Dutch East Indies located on the northern coast of Central Java and named after its capital city Semarang. It existed from 1818 to 1942, although its borders were changed many times during that period.
Koedoes Residency was an administrative division (Residency) of Central Java province of the Dutch East Indies with its capital at Kudus, which existed between 1928 and 1931. It was significantly larger than the present-day Kudus Regency, as it also contained Demak Regency and Jepara Regency.
Bantam Residency, sometimes spelled Banten Residency, was an administrative division (Residency) of the Dutch East Indies which existed from 1817 to 1942; it was located at the western point of Java and its capital was at Serang. Its borders largely correspond to the present-day Indonesian province of Banten.
Blora Residency was an administrative division (Residency) of Central Java province of the Dutch East Indies with its capital at Blora, which existed between 1928 and 1931. It was significantly larger than the present-day Blora Regency, as it also contained Grobogan Regency and Purwodadi.