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Business acumen, also known as business savviness, business sense and business understanding, is a combination of knowledge, skills, and experience that enables individuals to understand business situations, make sound decisions, and drive successful outcomes for an organization.[ citation needed ] It is also defined as "keenness and quickness in understanding and dealing with a business situation (risks and opportunities) in a manner that is likely to lead to a good outcome". [1] It involves having a "big picture" view of the business, financial literacy, strategic thinking, problem-solving, and effective communication.[ citation needed ] The UK government considers business acumen to be a skill required by civil service staff with responsibilities in a contract management role. [2]
Additionally, business acumen is viewed as having emerged as a vehicle for improving financial performance and leadership development. [3] Consequently, several types of strategies have developed around improving business acumen.
In his 2012 book Seeing the Big Picture, Business Acumen to Build Your Credibility, Career, and Company, Kevin R. Cope states an individual who possesses business acumen views the business with an "executive mentality", with the ability to comprehend how the moving parts of a company work together to make to ensure success, and how financial metrics like profit margin, cash flow, and stock price reflect how well each of those moving parts is doing its job. [4] Cope proposes that an individual who has the following five abilities could be described as someone having a strong sense of business acumen:
Raymond R. Reilly of the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan and Gregory P. Reilly of the University of Connecticut document traits that individuals with business acumen possess:
Thus, developing stronger business acumen means a more thoughtful analysis, clearer logic underlying business decisions, closer attention to key dimensions of implementation and operation, and more disciplined performance management. [1] The ability to manage complexity also figures in the UK government's description of a business acumen attribute. [2]
Financial literacy is a comprehensive understanding of the drivers of growth, profitability, and cash flow; an organization's financial statements; key performance measures; and the implications of decisions on value creation.
Financial literacy is necessary, but not sufficient, to establish business acumen. According to Perth Leadership Institute,
Business acumen is based primarily on behavioral and experiential issues, not on formal learning or education like financial literacy. [...] Financial literacy is almost never the need for senior managers and high potentials. [...] The real need for these managers is to understand how their actions and their behavior impact their financial decision-making [and] financial outcomes at the unit and the corporate level. [6]
Bob Selden observed a complementary relationship between business acumen and leadership. [7] According to Selden, this relationship comprises the importance of nurturing both the development of strategic skills and that of good leadership and management skills in order for business leaders to achieve effectiveness.
According to a study titled Business acumen: a critical concern of modern leadership development: Global trends accelerate the move away from traditional approaches, [8] traditional leadership development approaches, which are said to rely on personality and competency assessments as the scientific core of their approach, are failing. The study's intended goal is reportedly to demonstrate the importance of business acumen in leadership-development approaches. Business acumen, according to this study, is projected to have an increasing impact on leadership development and HR agendas. Research into this relationship resulted in the creation of the Perth Leadership Outcome Model, which links financial outcomes to individual leadership traits.
In a study that interviewed 55 global business leaders, business acumen was cited as the most critical competency area for global leaders. [9]
In their 2011 book, The Leadership Pipeline, Ram Charan, Stephen Drotter, and James Noel study the process and criteria for selecting a group manager, and suggest that the process and criteria are similar for selecting a CEO. According to them an obvious criterion for selecting a leader is well-developed business acumen. [10]
An organization full of high business acumen individuals can expect to see leaders with a heightened perspective that translates into an ability to inspire and excite the organization to achieve its potential. [1]
Programs designed to improve an individual or group's business acumen have supported the recognition of the concept as a significant topic in the corporate world. Executive Development Associates' 2009/2010 survey of Chief Learning Officers, Senior Vice Presidents of Human Resources, and Heads of Executive and Leadership Development listed business acumen as the second most significant trend in executive development. [11] A 2011 report explores the impact of business acumen training on an organization in terms of intangibles and more tangible expressions of value. [12] The findings support the notion that business acumen is a learned skill — developed on the job by learning the required skills from knowledge mentors while working in different employment positions. They also suggest that the learning process ranges widely, from structured internal company training programs, to an individual's self-chosen moves from one position to another. [1]
The combination of these reports and surveys indicate that business acumen is a learned skill of increasing importance within the corporate world. There are different types of business acumen development programs available:
A business simulation is another corporate development tool used to increase business acumen. Several companies offer business simulations as a way to educate mid-level managers and non-financial leaders within their organization on cash flow and financial-decision-making processes. Their forms can vary from computer simulations to boardgame-style simulations.
The advent of personal assessments for business acumen is based in the emerging theories of behavioral finance and attempts to correlate innate personality traits with positive financial outcomes. [13] This method approaches business acumen not as entirely based in either knowledge or experience, but on the combination of these and other factors which comprise an individual's financial personality or "signature". [14]
Management is the administration of organizations, whether they are a business, a nonprofit organization, or a government body through business administration, nonprofit management, or the political science sub-field of public administration respectively. It is the process of managing the resources of businesses, governments, and other organizations.
Team building is a collective term for various types of activities used to enhance social relations and define roles within teams, often involving collaborative tasks. It is distinct from team training, which is designed by a combination of business managers, learning and development/OD and an HR Business Partner to improve the efficiency, rather than interpersonal relations.
Leadership development is the process which helps expand the capacity of individuals to perform in leadership roles within organizations. Leadership roles are those that facilitate execution of an organization's strategy through building alignment, winning mindshare and growing the capabilities of others. Leadership roles may be formal, with the corresponding authority to make decisions and take responsibility, or they may be informal roles with little official authority.
Succession planning is a process and strategy for replacement planning or passing on leadership roles. It is used to identify and develop new, potential leaders who can move into leadership roles when they become vacant. Succession planning in dictatorships, monarchies, politics, and international relations is used to ensure continuity and prevention of power struggle. Within monarchies succession is settled by the order of succession. In business, succession planning entails developing internal people with managing or leadership potential to fill key hierarchical positions in the company. It is a process of identifying critical roles in a company and the core skills associated with those roles, and then identifying possible internal candidates to assume those roles when they become vacant. Succession planning also applies to small and family businesses where it is the process used to transition the ownership and management of a business to the next generation.
In the field of management, strategic management involves the formulation and implementation of the major goals and initiatives taken by an organization's managers on behalf of stakeholders, based on consideration of resources and an assessment of the internal and external environments in which the organization operates. Strategic management provides overall direction to an enterprise and involves specifying the organization's objectives, developing policies and plans to achieve those objectives, and then allocating resources to implement the plans. Academics and practicing managers have developed numerous models and frameworks to assist in strategic decision-making in the context of complex environments and competitive dynamics. Strategic management is not static in nature; the models can include a feedback loop to monitor execution and to inform the next round of planning.
Conflict management is the process of limiting the negative aspects of conflict while increasing the positive aspects of conflict in the workplace. The aim of conflict management is to enhance learning and group outcomes, including effectiveness or performance in an organizational setting. Properly managed conflict can improve group outcomes.
Employability refers to the attributes of a person that make that person able to gain and maintain employment.
Transformational leadership is a theory of leadership where a leader works with teams or followers beyond their immediate self-interests to identify needed change, creating a vision to guide the change through influence, inspiration, and executing the change in tandem with committed members of a group; This change in self-interests elevates the follower's levels of maturity and ideals, as well as their concerns for the achievement. It is an integral part of the Full Range Leadership Model. Transformational leadership is when leader behaviors influence followers and inspire them to perform beyond their perceived capabilities. Transformational leadership inspires people to achieve unexpected or remarkable results. It gives workers autonomy over specific jobs, as well as the authority to make decisions once they have been trained. This induces a positive change in the followers attitudes and the organization as a whole. Transformational leaders typically perform four distinct behaviors, also known as the four Is. These behaviors are inspirational motivation, idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration.
Business simulation or corporate simulation is business simulations used for training, education or analysis. It can be scenario-based or numeric-based.
Management development is the process by which managers learn and improve their management skills.
A chief learning officer (CLO) is the highest-ranking corporate officer in charge of learning management. CLOs may be experts in corporate or personal training, with degrees in education, instructional design, business or similar fields.
Organizational ethics is the ethics of an organization, and it is how an organization responds to an internal or external stimulus. Organizational ethics is interdependent with the organizational culture. Although it is to both organizational behavior and industrial and organizational psychology as well as business ethics on the micro and macro levels, organizational ethics is neither organizational behavior nor industrial and organizational psychology, nor is it solely business ethics. Organizational ethics express the values of an organization to its employees and/or other entities irrespective of governmental and/or regulatory laws.
Training and development involves improving the effectiveness of organizations and the individuals and teams within them. Training may be viewed as being related to immediate changes in effectiveness via organized instruction, while development is related to the progress of longer-term organizational and employee goals. While training and development technically have differing definitions, the terms are often used interchangeably. Training and development have historically been topics within adult education and applied psychology, but have within the last two decades become closely associated with human resources management, talent management, human resources development, instructional design, human factors, and knowledge management.
Collaborative leadership is a management practice which is focused on leadership skills across functional and organizational boundaries.
Financial intelligence is a type of business intelligence constituted of the knowledge and skills gained from understanding finance and accounting principles in the business world and understanding how money is being used. Although a fairly new term, financial intelligence has its roots in organizational development research, mostly in the field of employee participation. Financial intelligence has emerged as a best practice and core competency in many organizations leading to improved financial results, increased employee morale, and reduced employee turnover. Many organizations include financial intelligence programs in their leadership development curriculum. Financial intelligence is not an innate skill, rather it is a learned set of skills that can be developed at all levels.
Edward David Asihene Obeng is a British organisational theorist, educator, and author, who serves as a professor at Henley Business School and Hult International Business School's Ashridge Executive Education. Obeng founded Pentacle and serves as its executive director. Obeng has been described variously as "a leading revolutionary" and "an agent provocateur" by the Financial Times, and by Abbey National as their "secret weapon".
In business, training simulation [aka Simulation Training] is a virtual medium through which various types of skills can be acquired. Training simulations can be used in a variety of genres; however they are most commonly used in corporate situations to improve business awareness and management skills. They are also common in academic environments as an integrated part of a business or management course.
A Bachelor of Management or a Bachelor of Management Studies is an undergraduate degree program offered by numerous universities worldwide. This program equips students with the knowledge and skills necessary to assume managerial roles in a variety of organizations. It provides a solid foundation in organizational behavior and human resource management, while also allowing students to specialize in specific areas of interest through elective courses such as labor-management relations, negotiation, leadership, conflict resolution, compensation systems, and organizational development. Additionally, this degree program provides insights into how organizations function, how they are managed, and their interactions with object-oriented programming using C++ and data structures in both national and international environments.
Kevin R. Cope is an author and co-founder and CEO of a company called Acumen Learning. He is the author of Seeing the Big Picture. At Acumen Learning, he developed the Five Business Drivers model. The model’s stated goal is “to help companies to improve employee engagement” and “to increase their business acumen”.