C. Judson King | |
---|---|
Born | |
Nationality | American |
Occupation(s) | Chemical engineer, researcher, administrator and educator. |
Awards | Clark Kerr Award (2018) |
Academic background | |
Education | B.E., Chemical Engineering S.M., Chemical Engineering Sc.D., Chemical Engineering |
Alma mater | Yale University Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
Doctoral advisor | J. Edward Vivian |
Academic work | |
Institutions | University of California |
Notable works | Separation Processes The University of California:Creating,Nurturing,and Maintaining Academic Quality in a Public University Setting |
C. Judson King is an American chemical engineer,researcher,administrator and educator. He is professor emeritus at University of California,Berkeley,and UC universitywide provost and senior vice president of academic affairs,emeritus,at University of California. He is the former director of Center for Studies in Higher Education and the former dean of College of Chemistry at UC Berkeley. [1]
King's research has been focused in two areas:chemical engineering and higher education. In the area of chemical engineering,he has conducted considerable research on spray drying,freeze drying,and removal and recovery of organic pollutants from wastewater streams. In the area of higher education he has written about university structure and governance,innovation in universities,and engineering education. He has written three books and over 250 scientific articles. [2] He holds 13 patents. [3]
King has received many awards for his contribution to the field of chemical engineering. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1981 for distinguished contributions to freeze-drying technology,systematic studies of chemical-process synthesis,and chemical engineering education. [4] He became a fellow of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers in 1983,and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1993. [5] In 2009,the American Institute of Chemical Engineers named him one of the 100 Chemical Engineers of the Modern Era. [6]
King was born in 1934 in an army family. Since childhood,King enjoyed hiking and camping. He graduated from Episcopal High School in Alexandria,Virginia. He received a B.E. in chemical engineering from Yale University in 1956. He then entered Massachusetts Institute of Technology,where he received S.M. in chemical engineering in 1958 and Sc.D. in chemical engineering in 1960,under the supervision of J. Edward Vivian. [7]
King joined Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1959 as an assistant professor of chemical engineering to become director of the School of Chemical Engineering Practice station at the Exxon (then Esso) Bayway refinery in New Jersey. [8]
In 1963,King joined University of California,Berkeley as assistant professor of chemical engineering,becoming associate professor in 1966 and full professor in 1969. From 1967 to 1972,he served as the vice chairman of Department of Chemical Engineering. He then served as the chairman of the department from 1972 to 1981. In 1981,King was appointed as the dean of College of Chemistry and later in 1987 as the provost of the Professional Schools and Colleges,a position in which he served until 1994. At the time of his appointment,King was the first chemical engineer to become dean of the College of Chemistry at Berkeley. [8] [9]
King was appointed the vice provost for research for the entire nine-campus University of California in 1994. In 1995 he became provost and senior vice president for academic affairs,again university-wide. During his time as UC provost,King helped launch the new,tenth UC campus at Merced,the California Digital Library,and eScholarship,the University of California's open access,electronic repository for publications by UC authors. He returned to UC Berkeley in 2004 as the director of Center for Studies in Higher Education,serving in this position for a full decade until 2014. [7]
King was also faculty senior scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and was program leader for chemical processes in the Energy and Environment Division from 1978 to 1981. He was one of the founders of the Council for Chemical Research in 1981. In 1990,King co-founded the Separations Division of AIChE and served as its first chair. [8]
King's interest in hiking and camping reinforced his interests in freeze-dried foods to minimize the weight of his back-pack. [8] He has done considerable research on dehydration of foods and beverages,and in particular those phenomena that influence the quality of the product. He started working with freeze drying,which removes water by direct vaporization from the frozen state. Although he started by measuring and explaining drying rates in terms of fundamental transport phenomena,he soon turned to learning how highly volatile substances such as taste and aroma components could best be retained despite their being much more volatile than the water which was itself being vaporized during evaporative drying. In 1971,King published a book,Freeze Drying of Foods. [10]
King also gave a fundamental understanding of the phenomenon of product collapse during freeze drying and how to avoid it. That research was also valuable to the pharmaceutical industry which also often uses freeze drying. He also worked with freeze concentration for beverages,such as fruit juices,wherein water is frozen as suspended ice crystals which are then filtered out. These lines of research were financed by the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Subsequent research supported by the U. S. Army dealt with limited freeze drying that would leave enough water to provide sufficient pliability of the product for compression to smaller size for military uses. [11]
King later turned to spray drying of beverages and other liquids,for which the loss of volatile flavor and aroma substances occurs largely in the spray-nozzle zone,where the droplets to be dried are formed. King and his colleagues examined factors influencing the loss of volatile flavors and aroma and also the factors affecting the development of particle morphology (size,shape,porosity,and thus the bulk density) of the dried product. They interpreted the factors that cause spray-dried particles to be sticky. In later research,King and his colleagues created a device to enable simultaneous measurement of particle morphology and loss of volatile components as the drying of single drops to particles took place. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation. He prepared review articles on retention of volatile flavor and aroma components during spray drying. [11]
In later research,King and his colleagues created a device to enable simultaneous measurement of particle morphology and loss of volatile components as the drying of single drops to particles took place. [12]
Some of King's research has dealt with the removal and recovery of polar organic substances from aqueous streams in two contexts. Research on removal of pollutants by solvent extraction was supported by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. He later turned to the use of solvent extraction and adsorption,with and without chemical complexation,for recovery of carboxylic acids,glycols and alcohols from aqueous process streams,such as occur in the manufacture of these chemicals from biomass by fermentation. Much of this work also dealt with novel methods of regeneration of the extractants or adsorbents. The research was sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy through the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. [8]
In the initial years of his research,King focused on fundamental mechanisms of mass transfer between gases and liquids. This applied to separation processes such as absorption and distillation. Some of his other work dealt with systematic methods for synthesizing processes from component steps,such as sequencing multiple distillation columns and cascade refrigeration systems. [11]
King stopped chemical engineering research in 1999,part-way through his service as Provost and Sr. Vice President for the University of California,university-wide. When he returned in 2004 to be director of Berkeley's Center for Studies in Higher Education,he wrote a number of papers relating to university structure,function,and governance and then the book on the University of California. [11]
King wrote the book Separation Processes in 1971. [13] In the book,King presented that each of the separation processes (distillation,extraction,absorption,etc.) is a special case of a unified technology that can be described by a general set of quantitative principles. Before that,the standard separation operations were considered to be separate topics within the category of unit operations,with separate methodologies. [8]
The book was revised for a second edition in 1980. After the book went out of print,King secured the copyright back from McGraw-Hill and put it on eScholarship,where it is available open-access. [14]
In 2018,King published the book,The University of California:Creating,Nurturing,and Maintaining Academic Quality in a Public University Setting. [15] The book examines in depth the factors that have contributed to the academic success of University of California. He has made the book freely available through eScholarship. [16] [17]
King married Jeanne in 1957. They have three children:Mary Elizabeth,Cary and Catherine. [7]
The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) is a professional organization for chemical engineers. AIChE was established in 1908 to distinguish chemical engineers as professionals independent of chemists and mechanical engineers.
Jay D. Keasling is a professor of chemical engineering and bioengineering at the University of California,Berkeley. He is also associate laboratory director for biosciences at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and chief executive officer of the Joint BioEnergy Institute. He is considered one of the foremost authorities in synthetic biology,especially in the field of metabolic engineering.
Thomas Kilgore Sherwood was a noted American chemical engineer and a founding member of the National Academy of Engineering.
Edward L. Cussler is an American chemical engineer and professor in the department of chemical engineering and materials science at the University of Minnesota. He is internationally known for his work in fluid mechanics,transport phenomena,and gas separations,especially in the areas of membranes and gas sorption. Cussler is an author of more than 250 academic papers,dozens of patents,and five books including the acclaimed text:“Diffusion”. He has served as director,vice president and president of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers,and he presented the AIChE Institute Lecture in 2014. Cussler and his wife Betsy,a former teacher at Edina High School,are long-time residents of Minneapolis,Minnesota.
Neal Russell Amundson was an American chemical engineer and applied mathematician. He was the chair of the department of chemical engineering at the University of Minnesota for over 25 years. Later,he was the Cullen Professor of Chemical &Biomolecular Engineering and Mathematics at the University of Houston. Amundson was considered one of the most prominent chemical engineering educators and researchers in the United States. The Chemical Engineering and Materials Science building at the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities bears his name.
Donald Albert Dahlstrom was recognized by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) as one 100 prominent chemical engineers of the modern era,for his work on liquid-solids separation,particularly with respect to the hydrocyclone. He was a professor in the Chemical Engineering Department of the University of Utah,and served as President of the AIChE in 1964.
Council for Chemical Research is an organization based in Washington,DC,whose membership represents the U.S. chemical research enterprise. CCR was formed in 1979 to promote cooperation in basic research and encourage high-quality education in the chemical sciences and chemical engineering. CCR's membership currently comprises more than 120 companies,universities,and government laboratories with a combined R&D budget of more than $7 billion.
James Rutherford Fair was an American chemical engineer. His professional career included 33 years working in a variety of industrial positions,primarily for Monsanto Company.
Rakesh Agrawal is a chemical engineer known for contributions to separations,cryogenic gas separation and liquefaction,and for contributions to renewable energy including the conversion of biomass to chemicals and fuels,inorganic solar cell fabrication,and the synergistic use of solar energy. He is the Winthrop E. Stone Distinguished Professor of Chemical Engineering at Purdue University.
Dale F. Rudd (1935–2018) was an American Chemical Engineer and Donald C. Slichter Professor Emeritus of Engineering Research at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He is known for his influential work in process engineering,in particular for introducing computer aided process synthesis design strategies for large scale chemical industries. He co-wrote the first textbook in process engineering,and was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1978.
Thomas Flynn Edgar is an American chemical engineer.
John Michael Prausnitz is a professor of chemical engineering at the University of California,Berkeley,a position he has held since 1955.
İlhan Arif Aksay is American materials scientist. He is the Pomeroy and Betty Perry Smith Professor in Engineering and Emeritus Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering within the School of Engineering and Applied Science at Princeton University,Princeton,New Jersey,United States
Francis "Frank" J. Doyle III is an American engineer and academic administrator. He is the dean of the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and the John A. and Elizabeth S. Armstrong Professor of Engineering and Applied Sciences. Doyle is also affiliated with the Division of Sleep Medicine of Harvard Medical School. On December 15,2022,it was announced that Doyle will serve as the 14th provost of Brown University starting in the 2023 academic year.
Michael Tsapatsis is an American chemical engineer and materials scientist. Tsapatsis is the 36th Bloomberg Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. Prior to this position he was the Amundson Chair (2008–present),professor (2003-present),and McKnight Presidential Endowed Chair (2017–present) in the department of chemical engineering and Materials Science at the University of Minnesota. Prior to his appointment at the University of Minnesota,Tsapatsis was an associate professor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
Ernest W. Thiele was an influential chemical engineering researcher at Standard Oil and professor of chemical engineering at the University of Notre Dame. He is known for his highly impactful work in chemical reaction engineering,complex reacting systems,and separations,including distillation theory.
Vicki H. Grassian is a distinguished professor in the department of chemistry and biochemistry at the University of California,San Diego. She also holds the distinguished chair in physical chemistry.
Jeffrey Allen Reimer is an American chemist,academic,author and researcher. He is the C. Judson King Endowed Professor,a Warren and Katharine Schlinger Distinguished Professor and the chair of the chemical and biomolecular engineering department at University of California,Berkeley.
Morton Mace Denn is an Albert Einstein Professor of Science and Engineering Emeritus at the City College of New York (CCNY). He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.