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Janata Dal (United) ("People’s Party (United)"),abbreviated as JD(U),is an Indian political party with political presence mainly in eastern and north-eastern India. JD(U) is recognised as a state party in the states of Bihar,Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur and is a part of government in Bihar. JD(U) heads the government in Bihar and has remained the second largest party in Manipur. JD(U) won 16 seats in the 2019 Indian general election,making it the seventh largest party in the Lok Sabha.
Kushwaha is a community of the Indo-Gangetic Plain that has traditionally been involved in agriculture,including beekeeping. The term has been used to represent different sub-castes of the Kachhis,Kachhvahas,Koeris and Muraos. Under the Indian governments system of positive discrimination,the Kushwahas are classified as a "Backward" or Other backward class. The Kushwaha had worshipped Shiva and Shakta,but beginning in the 20th century,they claim descent from the Suryavansh (Solar) dynasty via Kusha,one of the twin sons of Rama and Sita. At present,it is a broad community formed by coming together of several caste groups with similar occupational backgrounds and socio-economic status,who,over the time,started inter-marrying among themselves and created all India caste network for caste solidarity. The communities which merged into this caste cluster includes Kachhi,Kachhwaha,Kushwaha,Mali,Marrar,Saini,Sonkar,Murai,Shakya,Maurya,Koeri and Panara.
Arrah Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 40 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Bihar,India. It is a part of the Bhojpur district and comprises seven Assembly constituencies:Sandesh,Barhara,Arrah,Agiaon (SC),Tarari,Jagdishpur and Shahpur.
Khagaria Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 40 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India. This constituency came into existence in 1957 and from 1957 to 2019,the constituency has elected six parliamentarians from the Yadav caste as well as five parliamentarians from the Kushwaha caste. Both Yadav and Kushwaha community are preponderant in this constituency and dominates the political scenario.
R.L.P. Verma was a former member of Lok Sabha and a leader of Bhartiya Janata Party. He was elected to Lok Sabha from Kodarma in Jharkhand state in India for six terms. Verma represented Jamua Assembly constituency once,from where he was elected in legislative assembly elections in 1972,on the ticket of Bhartiya Jana Sangh. However,on the call of Jai Prakash Narayan for Total Revolution,he resigned from his legislative assembly membership and became a part of the "Sampurna Kranti movement". He was made a candidate of Janata Party for Lok Sabha elections in 1977,and was subsequently elected to lower house of Indian Parliament. Verma has represented Kodarma Lok Sabha constituency for five terms,making him the longest serving Member of Parliament (MP) from this constituency. He was one of the two Member of Parliament of BJP during transformation of Jana Sangh into Bhartiya Janata Party. Verma played instrumental role in strengthening Bhartiya Jana Sangh and later Bhartiya Janata Party in Bihar-Jharkhand region.
Loknath Mahato was a Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) in the state of Jharkhand,India,elected from constituency Barkagaon which is in the Hazaribagh district of the state. He was first elected in 1995. Since then he has been re-elected three times,representing the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP),one of the main national parties of India. He was one of the contenders in the 12 December 2019 Jharkhand state assembly elections from Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP). In 2014,Mahto had left BJP to join All Jharkhand Students Union,when denied ticket to contest from Hazaribagh Lok Sabha constituency. He participated in 2014 Lok Sabha elections and finished at third position.
The Koeri,also referred to as Kushwaha and more recently self-described as Maurya in several parts of northern India are an Indian non-elite caste,found largely in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh,whose traditional occupation was agriculture. According to Arvind Narayan Das they were horticulturist rather than agriculturists. They are also recorded as performing the work of Mahajan in credit market of rural parts of Bihar and Bengal in 1880s. Koeris have attempted Sanskritisation—as part of social resurgence. During the British rule in India,Koeris were described as "agriculturalists" along with Kurmis and other cultivating castes. They are described as a dominant caste in various opinions.
Rashtriya Lok Samta Party was a political party in India led by Upendra Kushwaha. It was launched on 3 March 2013 and was based in the state of Bihar. The party came into existence as a result of a feud between Nitish Kumar and Upendra Kushwaha,after which Kushwaha left The Nitish Kumar lead Janata Dal (United) and formed his own party. It has faced multiple rebellions and desertions since 2015. After the relations between Nitish and Kushwaha normalized,Upendra Kushwaha merged RLSP into JDU on March 14th 2021,with this,the party ceased to exit.
Upendra Kumar Singh,commonly known as Upendra Kushwaha is an Indian politician,and a former Member of Bihar Legislative Council and Bihar Legislative Assembly. He has also served as Minister of State for Human Resources and Development in the Government of India. Kushwaha is a former Member of Parliament (MP) from the Karakat constituency in Rohtas district,Bihar,and a former member of the Rajya Sabha. He was the leader of Rashtriya Samata Party (RSP),his own party,which merged into Janata Dal (United) (JDU) in 2009. Later,he formed Rashtriya Lok Samata Party (RLSP),which also merged with JD(U) in 2021. On 20 February 2023,Kushwaha resigned from all positions in Janata Dal (United) and formed his own party called Rashtriya Lok Morcha due to his political problems with JD(U) and Nitish Kumar.
Gulam Rasool Balyawi is an Indian politician who had served as a Member of the Rajya Sabha from Bihar representing the Janata Dal (United) since 23 June 2014 to 7 July 2016. He was elected to Rajya Sabha in 2014 by-elections. He had served as a Member of the Bihar Legislative Council as a Nominated candidate representing Janata Dal (United) since 8 July 2016 to 7 July 2023. He is the founder of Non-governmental Barelvi organisation Qaumi Ittehad Morcha.
Shakuni Choudhary is an Indian politician who is a founding member of Samata Party. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,lower house of the Parliament of India from Khagaria Lok Sabha constituency as member of the Samata Party. Choudhary has been known for political defection and has remained Deputy Speaker in the Bihar Legislative Assembly.
Mahagathbandhan also known as Grand Alliance,is a coalition of political parties in the Eastern state of Bihar in India,formed ahead of the 2015 Vidhan Sabha elections in Bihar. The alliance consists of Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD),Indian National Congress (INC) and Left parties including Communist Party of India (CPI),Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation-CPIML (Liberation) and Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPIM),with Tejashwi Yadav as the chairperson.
Abhay Kushwaha alias Abhay Kumar Sinha is a former Member of Legislative Assembly for Tikari in the Gaya district of Bihar. He is a member of Janata Dal (United);he won the 2015 Legislative Assembly election to the Tekari constituency by defeating Anil Kumar of Hindustani Awam Morcha,a political party headed by erstwhile member of Janata Dal (United),Jitan Ram Manjhi. In the 2015 election he defeated Anil Kumar,who joined Hindustani Awami Morcha leaving his former party Janata Dal (United) by a huge margin of votes. While Abhay secured 86,975 votes,Anil managed to get 55,162 votes only.
Samrat Choudhary alias Rakesh Kumar is an Indian politician,who is currently serving as Deputy Chief minister of Bihar under Nitish Kumar. He is a Member of Bihar Legislative Council from the Bharatiya Janata Party. He has been the party president of BJP Bihar State unit from March 2023. He has also remained Member of Legislative Assembly and a minister in Government of Bihar in Rashtriya Janata Dal government. Chaudhary has been a former Vice President of BJP for the state of Bihar and currently elected for the second term as MLC in 2020 after his first term ended in 2019. In 2014,Samrat planned a split in Rashtriya Janata Dal by defecting thirteen MLAs as splinter group of the party,later joining the BJP. In 2022,he was selected as the Leader of Opposition in Bihar Legislative Council.
Niranjan Kumar Mehta is an Indian politician from Bihar and a Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly. Mehta won from Bihariganj Assembly constituency on the Janata Dal (United) ticket in the 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election.
The Luv-Kush equation is a political term used in the context of the politics of Bihar,to denote the alliance of the agricultural Kurmi and the Koeri caste,which was assumed to be approximately 15% of the state's population The alliance of these two caste groups has remained the support base of Nitish Kumar,as against the MY equation of Lalu Prasad Yadav,which constitutes Muslims and the Yadavs. Caste consciousness and the quest for political representation largely drive the politics of Bihar. The political alliance of the Koeri and the Kurmi castes,termed the "Luv-Kush equation" was formed when a massive Kurmi Chetna Rally was organised by members of the Kurmi community in 1994 against the alleged casteist politics of Lalu Yadav,who was blamed by contemporary community leaders for promoting Yadavs in politics and administration.
The 2024 Indian general election in Bihar will be held in all 7 phases from 19 April to 1 June to elect 40 members of the 18th Lok Sabha,with the results declared on 4 June.
Kushwaha is a surname used by people of Koeri caste in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. The Kushwahas are also known as Maurya,Shakya,Saini in various parts of north India. As per one opinion,the Kushwaha surname is also common among members of Kachhi caste,who later merged with the Koeris to become a single homogeneous community. They are a dominant OBC community in the state of Bihar.
Ramdeo Mahto was an Indian politician,who served as Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly in undivided Bihar. Mahto was elected as a candidate of Bhartiya Jana Sangh to Bihar Legislative Assembly in 1969 Assembly elections from Patna East Assembly constituency. He was also elected for his second term in Bihar Legislative Assembly in 1977 Bihar Assembly elections,this time,as a candidate of Janata Party. Mahto was considered one of the pillars of Bhartiya Jana Sangh in 1960s and he went on to become a minister from Jana Sangh quota in Mahamaya Prasad Sinha's government in 1967.
Raja Ram Singh,also known as Raja Ram Singh Kushwaha is an Indian politician based in Bihar,who was elected to Bihar Legislative Assembly twice,from Obra Assembly constituency in Aurangabad district. He is a member of Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation. He was first elected in 1995 and retained this constituency in 2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly elections. He is also a politburo member of CPI(ML)L.
References
- ↑ Tewary, Amarnath (4 June 2016). "All Rajya Sabha, Legislative Council candidates elected unopposed in Bihar". The Hindu.
- ↑ "जदयू सरकार में हो कुशवाहा समाज की भागीदारी : सीपी सिन्हा". jagran. Retrieved 30 May 2024.