CRYZ

CRYZ
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1YB5
Identifiers
Aliases	CRYZ , crystallin zeta
External IDs	OMIM: 123691 MGI: 88527 HomoloGene: 133907 GeneCards: CRYZ
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	74,733,408 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (mouse)
End	154,623,182 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	secondary oocyte; ; renal medulla; ; kidney tubule; ; kidney; ; right lobe of liver; ; corpus epididymis; ; caput epididymis; ; seminal vesicula; ; gallbladder; ; body of pancreas;
	Top expressed in
	kidney; ; retinal pigment epithelium; ; left lobe of liver; ; iris; ; pineal gland; ; ciliary body; ; vas deferens; ; external carotid artery; ; substantia nigra; ; endocardial cushion;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	oxidoreductase activity ; zinc ion binding ; NADPH binding ; NADPH:quinone reductase activity ; NADH binding ; RNA binding ; mRNA 3'-UTR binding ;
Cellular component	cytosol ; extracellular exosome ; cytoplasm ;
Biological process	protein homotetramerization ; xenobiotic catabolic process ; visual perception ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	1429
	12972
	ENSG00000116791
	ENSMUSG00000028199
	Q08257
	P47199
	NM_001130042 ; NM_001130043 ; NM_001134759 ; NM_001889
	NM_009968
	NP_001123514 ; NP_001123515 ; NP_001128231 ; NP_001880
NP_034098 ; NP_001344601 ; NP_001344602 ; NP_001344603 ; NP_001344604 ;
	NP_001344605
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated October 12, 2022

Quinone oxidoreductase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CRYZ gene.^[5]

Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. The former class is also called phylogenetically-restricted crystallins. This gene encodes a taxon-specific crystallin protein which has NADPH-dependent quinone reductase activity distinct from other known quinone reductases. It lacks alcohol dehydrogenase activity although by similarity it is considered a member of the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Unlike other mammalian species, in humans, lens expression is low. One pseudogene is known to exist.^[5]

Related Research Articles

In anatomy, a crystallin is a water-soluble structural protein found in the lens and the cornea of the eye accounting for the transparency of the structure. It has also been identified in other places such as the heart, and in aggressive breast cancer tumors. Since it has been shown that lens injury may promote nerve regeneration, crystallin has been an area of neural research. So far, it has been demonstrated that crystallin β b2 (crybb2) may be a neurite-promoting factor.

Sepiapterin reductase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SPR gene.

In enzymology, a NADPH:quinone reductase (EC 1.6.5.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

Beta-crystallin B2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRYBB2 gene.

NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 2, also known as QR2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NQO2 gene. It is a phase II detoxification enzyme which can carry out two or four electron reductions of quinones. Its mechanism of reduction is through a ping-pong mechanism involving its FAD cofactor. Initially in a reductive phase NQO2 binds to reduced dihydronicotinamide riboside (NRH) electron donor, and mediates a hydride transfer from NRH to FAD. Then, in an oxidative phase, NQO2 binds to its quinone substrate and reduces the quinone to a dihydroquinone. Besides the two catalytic FAD, NQO2 also has two zinc ions. It is not clear whether the metal has a catalytic role. NQO2 is a paralog of NQO1

NQO2 is a homodimer. NQO2 can be inhibited by resveratrol. One of QR2's binding sites responds to 2-iodomelatonin, and has been referred to as MT₃.

Carbonyl reductase 1, also known as CBR1, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the CBR1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family, which function as NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases having wide specificity for carbonyl compounds, such as quinones, prostaglandins, and various xenobiotics. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.

NADP-dependent malic enzyme is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ME1 gene.

Gamma-crystallin S is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRYGS gene.

NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFV3 gene.

Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DHRS2 gene.

Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CBR3 gene.

Beta-crystallin B3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRYBB3 gene.

Mu-crystallin homolog also known as NADP-regulated thyroid-hormone-binding protein (THBP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRYM gene. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.

Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HSD17B12 gene.

NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFS5 gene.

Quinone oxidoreductase-like protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CRYZL1 gene.

10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDH1L1 gene.

NADPH-dependent diflavin oxidoreductase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDOR1 gene.

NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFC1 gene.

Dehydrogenase/reductase X-linked also known as DHRSX is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the pseudoautosomal DHRSX gene. DHRSX is a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase family of oxidoreductase enzymes.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000116791 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028199 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: CRYZ crystallin, zeta (quinone reductase)".

External links

Human CRYZ genome location and CRYZ gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser .

Heinzmann C, Kojis TL, Gonzalez P, et al. (1995). "Assignment of the zeta-crystallin gene (CRYZ) to human chromosome 1p22-p31 and identification of restriction fragment length polymorphisms". Genomics. 23 (2): 403–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1516. PMID 7835889.
Gonzalez P, Rao PV, Zigler JS (1994). "Organization of the human zeta-crystallin/quinone reductase gene (CRYZ)". Genomics. 21 (2): 317–24. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1272. PMID 8088825.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Gonzalez P, Rao PV, Zigler JS (1993). "Molecular cloning and sequencing of zeta-crystallin/quinone reductase cDNA from human liver". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 191 (3): 902–7. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.1302. PMID 8466529.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Wang W, Liu LQ, Higuchi CM, Chen H (1998). "Induction of NADPH:quinone reductase by dietary phytoestrogens in colonic Colo205 cells". Biochem. Pharmacol. 56 (2): 189–95. doi:10.1016/S0006-2952(98)00141-5. PMID 9698072.
Goenka S, Raman B, Ramakrishna T, Rao CM (2001). "Unfolding and refolding of a quinone oxidoreductase: alpha-crystallin, a molecular chaperone, assists its reactivation". Biochem. J. 359 (Pt 3): 547–56. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3590547. PMC 1222175 . PMID 11672428.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932.
Bianco NR, Perry G, Smith MA, et al. (2004). "Functional implications of antiestrogen induction of quinone reductase: inhibition of estrogen-induced deoxyribonucleic acid damage". Mol. Endocrinol. 17 (7): 1344–55. doi: 10.1210/me.2002-0382 . PMID 12714703.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi: 10.1038/ng1285 . PMID 14702039.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928 . PMID 15489334.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000116791 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028199 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: CRYZ crystallin, zeta (quinone reductase)".

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CRYZ

Contents

Related Research Articles

References

External links

Further reading