CST6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Aliases | CST6 , cystatin E/M, ECTD15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External IDs | OMIM: 601891 MGI: 1920970 HomoloGene: 1011 GeneCards: CST6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Cystatin-M is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST6 gene. [5] [6] [7]
The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions, where they appear to provide protective functions. This gene encodes a cystatin from the type 2 family, which is down-regulated in metastatic breast tumor cells as compared to primary tumor cells. Loss of expression is likely associated with the progression of a primary tumor to a metastatic phenotype. [7]
Maspin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINB5 gene. This protein belongs to the serpin superfamily. SERPINB5 was originally reported to function as a tumor suppressor gene in epithelial cells, suppressing the ability of cancer cells to invade and metastasize to other tissues. Furthermore, and consistent with an important biological function, Maspin knockout mice were reported to be non-viable, dying in early embryogenesis. However, a subsequent study using viral transduction as a method of gene transfer was not able to reproduce the original findings and found no role for maspin in tumour biology. Furthermore, the latter study demonstrated that maspin knockout mice are viable and display no obvious phenotype. These data are consistent with the observation that maspin is not expressed in early embryogenesis. The precise molecular function of maspin is thus currently unknown.
Cathepsin L1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSL1 gene. The protein is a cysteine cathepsin, a lysosomal cysteine protease that plays a major role in intracellular protein catabolism.
Cystatin-A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSTA gene.
Cystatin-B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSTB gene.
Suppressor of tumorigenicity 14 protein, also known as matriptase, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ST14 gene. ST14 orthologs have been identified in most mammals for which complete genome data are available.
Cathepsin H is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSH gene.
Cystatin-S is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST4 gene.
Serpin B4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINB4 gene.
Cystatin-SN is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST1 gene.
Cystatin-SA is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST2 gene.
Reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs, also known as RECK, is a human gene, thought to be a metastasis suppressor.
Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRMS1 gene.
Cystatin-F is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST7 gene.
Cystatin-D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST5 gene.
Cathepsin L2 is a protein encoded in humans by the CTSV gene.
Cystatin-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST8 gene.
Cathepsin F is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSF gene.
Cystatin-9-like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST9L gene.
Cystatin-11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST11 gene.
Cystatin-like 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSTL1 gene.