Calendarium Parisiense | |
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National Library of Poland | |
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Type | codex |
Date | late 14th century |
Place of origin | Paris |
Language(s) | Latin |
Size | 25x18 cm, 7 lvs [1] |
Accession | Rps 3309 II [1] |
Calendarium Parisiense (English: The Parisian Calendar) is an illuminated manuscript from the 14th century, containing a calendar. [2]
The manuscript was produced in late 14th century, probably in one of the scriptoriums in Paris. [2] It was brought to Poland from France by Józef Andrzej Załuski in the first half of the 18th century and placed in the Załuski Library, first Polish National Library. [3] After the Kościuszko Insurrection the Russians took the manuscript to St Petersburg, together with the Załuski Library. [3] It was recovered after the Treaty of Riga (1921) and transferred to the National Library of Poland [3] . Evacuated to Canada in 1939, it returned to Poland in 1959. [3] From May 2024, the manuscript is presented at a permanent exhibition in the Palace of the Commonwealth. [4]
The manuscript is an example of French medieval illuminated manuscript. [3] It contains a liturgical calendar with the days dedicated to specific saints clearly indicated. [2] The manuscript consists of twelve pages, one for each month. [2] At the bottom of each page are representations of labours appropriate to each of the months and Zodiac signs. [2] [3] This is followed by information in four columns: the days of the astronomical calendar according to the lunar cycle, the days of the week according to the Church calendar, the calends, nones and ides of the Julian calendar, church feasts and the names of saints. [3] All the pages of the manuscript are bordered with fillets with branches of gold-leafed hawthorn shooting from them. [3]
The Holy Cross Sermons are the oldest extant prose text in the Polish language, dating probably from the late 13th or early 14th century. The documents are named after the place where they were originally housed – the Holy Cross Monastery in Poland's Holy Cross Mountains. They were discovered in striped parchment pieces in 1890 by Aleksander Brückner, in the binding of a Latin language codex, which contained the Acts of the Apostles and the Apocalypse. The sermons were first published in 1891, in a "Philological Works" magazine. In 1934, facsimiles of the text were published by the Polish Academy of Learning, and in 2009, new, full edition of the sermons was issued, prepared by professor Paweł Stępień.
The Załuski Library established in Warsaw in 1747 by Józef Andrzej Załuski and his brother, Andrzej Stanisław Załuski, both Roman Catholic bishops, was a public library nationalized and renamed upon its founders' death into the Załuski Library of the Republic which existed until the final demise of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Third Partition of Poland in 1795.
Józef Andrzej Załuski was a Polish Catholic priest, Bishop of Kiev, a sponsor of learning and culture, and a renowned bibliophile. A member of the Polish nobility (szlachta), bearing the hereditary Junosza coat-of-arms, he is most famous as co-founder of the Załuski Library, one of the largest 18th-century book collections in the world.
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